2022高考英语语法专题复习-课件30《动词的时态》.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,By Ivan Fang,30,动词的时态,第一页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,一、概念,:,时态是,英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态,.,英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的,.,英语有,16,种时态,但中学阶段较,常用的有十种,:,1.,一般现在时,2.,一般过去时,3.,一般将来时,4.,过去将来时,5.,现在进行时,6.,过去进行时,7.,将来进行时,8.,现在完成时,9.,过去完成时,10.,现在完成进行时,.,第二页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,二,.,相关知识点精讲,1.,一般现在时的用法,1,）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：,every,sometimes,at,on Sunday,。例如：,I leave home for school at 7 every morning.,2,）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：,The earth moves around the sun.,地球绕太阳转动,3,）表示格言或警句。例如：,Pride goes before a fall.,骄者必败。,注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。,例：,Columbus proved that the earth is round.,4,）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：,比较：,Now I put the sugar in the cup.,把糖放入杯子。,I am doing my homework now.,我正在做功课。,第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的,now,是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。,第三页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,2.,一般过去时的用法,1,）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,等。例如：,Where did you go just now?,刚才你上哪儿去了？,2,）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：,When I was a child,I often played football in the street.,我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。,3,）句型：,It is time for sb.to do sth,“,到,时间了,”,“,该,了,”,。例如：,It is time for you to go to bed.,It is time that sb.did sth.,时间已迟了,早该,了,，例如,It is time you went to bed.,你早该睡觉了。,would,（,had,）,rather sb.did sth.,表示,宁愿某人做某事,。例如：,Id rather you came tomorrow.,还是明天来吧。,第四页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,4,）,wish,wonder,think,hope,等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：,I thought you might have some.,我以为你想要一些。,比较：,Christine was an invalid all her life.,（含义：她已不在人间。）,Christine has been an invalid all her life.,（含义：她现在还活着）,Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.,（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）,Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.,（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）,注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。,1,）动词,want,hope,wonder,think,intend,等。例如：,Did you want anything else?,您还要些什么吗？,I wondered if you could help me.,能不能帮我一下。,2,）情态动词,could,would,。例如：,Could you lend me your bike?,你的自行车，能借用一些吗？,第五页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,3.,一般将来时,1,）,shall,用于第一人称，常被,will,所代替。,will,在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：,Which paragraph shall I read first,？我先读哪一段呢？,Will you be at home at seven this evening?,2,）,be going to+,不定式，表示将来。,a.,主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：,What are you going to do tomorrow?,明天打算作什么呢？,b.,计划，安排要发生的事。例如：,The play is going to be produced next month,。这出戏下月开播。,c.,有迹象要发生的事。例如：,Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.,看那乌云，快要下雨了。,3,）,be+,不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：,We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,4,）,be about to+,不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：,He is about to leave for Beijing.,他马上要去北京。,注意：,be about to do,不能与,tomorrow,next week,等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。,第六页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,4.,一般现在时表将来,1,）下列动词,come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：,The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.,When does the bus start?It starts in ten minutes.,2,）以,here,there,等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：,Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.,车来了。,There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.,铃响了。,3,）在时间或条件句中。例如：,When Bill comes,（不是,will come,）,ask him to wait for me.,比尔来后，让他等我。,Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.,4,）在动词,hope,take care that,make sure that,等的宾语从句中。例如：,I hope they have a nice time next week.,Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.,离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。,第七页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,5.,用现在进行时表示将来,下列动词,come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：,Im leaving tomorrow.,明天我要走了。,Are you staying here till next week?,你会在这儿呆到下周吗？,6.,现在完成时,现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：,have,（,has,）,+,过去分词,。,第八页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,7.,比较一般过去时与现在完成时,1,）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。,2,）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语：,yesterday,last week,，,ago,in1980,in October,just now,等，皆为具体的时间状语。,现在完成时的时间状语：,for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always,等，皆不确定的时间状语。,共同的时间状语：,this morning,tonight,this April,now,already,recently,lately,等。,第九页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,3,）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如,live,teach,learn,work,study,know.,。,一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有,come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married,等。例如：,I saw this film yesterday.,（强调看的动作发生过了）,I have seen this film.,（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）,Why did you get up so early?,（强调起床的动作已发生过了）,Who hasnt handed in his paper?,（强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）,He has been in the League for three years.,（在团内的状态可延续）,He has been a League member for three years.,（是团员的状态可持续）,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如,yesterday,last,week,in 1960,）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）,Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.,（对）,Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,第十页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,8.,用于现在完成时的句型,1,）,It is the first/second time.that,结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：,It is the first time that I have visited the city.,这是我第一次访问这城市。,This is the first time,（,that,）,Ive heard him sing.,这是我第一次听他唱歌。,注意：,It was the third time that the boy had been late.,2,）,This is+,形容词最高级,+that,结构，,that,从句要用现在完成时。例如：,This is the best film that Ive,（,ever,）,seen.,这是我看过的,第十一页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,9.,过去完成时,1,）概念：表示过去的过去,-|-|-|-,其构成是,had+,过去分词构成。,那时以前 那时 现在,2,）用法,在,told,said,knew,heard,thought,等动词后的宾语从句。例如：,She said,（,that,）,she had never been to Paris.,状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：,When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.,表示意向的动词，如,hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose,等，用过去完成时表示,原本,，未能,。例如：,We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.,那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。,3,）过去完成时的时间状语,before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as,。例如：,He said that he had learned some English before.,他说过他以前学过一些英语。,第十二页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,10.,用一般过去时代替过去完成时,1,）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用,then,，,and,，,but,等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：,When she saw the mouse,，,she screamed.,她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。,My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.,姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。,2,）两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：,When I heard the news,I was very excited.,3,）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：,Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.,第十三页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,11.,将来完成时,1,）构成,will have done,2,）概念,a.,状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：,They will have been married for 20 years by then.,到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。,b.,动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：,You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.,明天此时，你已经到达上海了,第十四页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,12.,现在进行时,现在进行时的基本用法：,a.,表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：,We are waiting for you.,我们正在等你。,b.,习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：,Mr.Green is writing another novel.,他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）,c.,表示渐变，这样的动词有：,get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin,等。例如：,The leaves are turning red.,叶子在变红。,Its getting warmer and warmer.,天越来越热了。,d.,与,always,constantly,forever,等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：,You are always changing your mind.,你老是改变主意。,第十五页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,13.,过去进行时,1,）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。,2,）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。,3,）常用的时间状语有,this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while,等。例如：,My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.,我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。,It was raining when they left the station.,他们离开车站时，正下着雨。,When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.,我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。,第十六页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,14.,将来进行时,1,）概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如：,Shell be coming soon.,她会很快来的。,Ill be meeting him sometime in the future.,将来我一定去见他。,注意：将来进行时不用于表示,意志,，不能说,Ill be having a talk with her.,2,）常用的时间状语有,soon,tomorrow,this evening,，,on Sunday,by this time,，,in two days,tomorrow evening,等。例如：,By this time tomorrow,Ill be lying on the beach.,明天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢,。,第十七页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,15.,一般现在时代替一般将来时,When,while,before,after,till,once,as soon as,so long as,by the time,if,in case,（,that,）,unless,even if,whether,the moment,the minute,the day,the year,immediately,等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：,He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing.,他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。,16.,一般现在时代替一般过去时,1,）,书上说,，,报纸上说,等。例如：,The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow.,报纸上说明天会很冷的。,2,）叙述往事，使其生动。例如：,Napoleons army now advances and the great battle begins.,拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了,第十八页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,17.,一般现在时代替现在完成时,1,）有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如,hear,tell,learn,write,understand,forget,know,find,say,remember,等。例如：,I hear,（,=have heard,）,he will go to London.,2,）用句型,It is,since,代替,It has been,since,。例如：,It is,（,=has been,）,five years since we last met.,18.,一般现在时代替现在进行时。,在,Here comes,/There goes,等句型里，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如：,There goes the bell.,铃响了。,19.,现在进行时代替将来时,1,）表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如：,Are you staying with us this weekend?,We are leaving soon.,我们马上就走。,2,）渐变动词，如,get,run,grow,become,begin,以及瞬间动词,die,等。例如：,He is dying.,他要死了。,第十九页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,20.,时态一致,1,）如果从句所叙述的为真理或相对不变的事实，则用现在时。例如：,At that time,people did not know that the earth moves.,那时，人们不知道地球是动的。,He told me last week that he is eighteen.,上星期他告诉我他十八岁了。,2,）宾语从句中的，助动词,ought,need,must,dare,的时态是不变的。例如：,He thought that I need not tell you the truth.,他认为我不必告诉你真相。,第二十页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,三,.,巩固练习,:,1,、,I,ll give the book to him as soon as he _ back.(come)2,、,Has the baby _ crying yet?(stop)3,、,I don,t know whether Mother,_ me to Beijing next month.(take)4,、,She _ on her coat and went out.(put)5,、,“,What are they doing?,”,“,They,_ ready for the sports meeting.,”,(get)6,、,The boy asked his mother _him go and play basketball.(let)7,、,I,m sorry to keep you _ for a long time.(wait)8,、,It _(take)him half an hour,to finish his homework yesterday.9,、,If it _ an interesting film,we,ll see it tomorrow.(be)10,、,They usually _(do)their homework after supper,comes,stopped,will take,put,are getting,to let,1.,waiting,1.,do,1.,took,1.,is,第二十一页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,goodbye,第二十二页，编辑于星期五：八点 五十分。,