英语中名词的用法.docx

一、英语中各种词性的用法及解释1.名词名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns）。专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如 Beijing，China等。（不是专有名词就是普通名词）（1（名词变复数的方法1)规则的变复数的方法情况构成方法例词一般情况加 -smap-mapsbag-bagscar-cars以 s,sh,加 -esbus-buses watch-watchesch, x等结尾的词以辅音字变 y 为 i baby-babies母+y结尾再加 es的词2)不规则变化情况以 o结尾的名词，变复数时：a.加 s，如： photo-photospiano-pianosradio-radioszoo- -zoos；b.加 es，如：potatopotatoestomatotomatoes（基本规律：有生命性质的词在后面加 es，否则加 s）以 f或 fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加 s，gulfs；如： belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safesgulf-b.去 f, fe加-ves，如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves；名词复数的不规则变化child-childrenfoot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-menwoman-women单复同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如： people police cattle等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，acattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, theEnglish，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。以 s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。news是不可数名词。(2)名词的格1)在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下： 2)单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有 s，也要加s，如 the boys bag男孩的书包，mens room男厕所。3)若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。4）凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song歌的名字。5 ）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers理发店。6）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。如：Johns and Marys room（两间）John and Marys room（一间）例题解析1. They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here.A. orange, orangeC. oranges, orangeB. oranges, orangesD. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home .A. 25 minutes walkC. 25 minute walkB. 25 minutes walkD. 25 minutes walk解析:句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+,而不能+s,因此选 A。4. An old _ wants to see you. A. peopleB. personC. the peopleD. the person解析: person与 people都有”人”的意思,但用法不同.“一个人”用“a person”,“两个人”用“two persons”; people泛指“人们”是集合名词,表示复数, thepeople指“人民”, a people指“一个民族”.应选 B。5. Help yourself to _.A. chickens and applesC. chicken and appleB. chickens and appleD. chicken and apples解析: chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因此选 D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _.A. rooms numberB. rooms numberC. room numbersD. roomsnumbers解析: room number房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 .类似的还有 myphsics teacher,two bus drivers等.应选 C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _.A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room指的是房间;而home指的是家,因此选 C.8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and PetersC. Marys and PeterB. Mary and PeterD. Marys and Peters解析:此句中“mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选 D。 9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month.A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her unclesD. aunts解析:此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选 B。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching.A. many experiencesC. an experienceB. much experienceD. a lot experience解析: experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词,作“经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为“经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C.又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此选 B。11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago.A. youB. yourC. your sisterD. your sisters解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选 D。12. A group of _ are talking with two _.A. Frenchmen, GermansC. Frenchmans , GermenB. Germans ,FrenchmansD. Germen , Frenchmen解析: Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选 A.13.The team _ having a meeting .A. isB. areC. amD. be解析: team是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) ,也可指小组中的成员(表示复数),此题意为后者,因此选 B。 14. “Would you like _?”A. drink, Three coffees“_, please.”B. a cup of drink, CoffeesD. a drink, Three cups of coffeesC. a drink, A coffee解析: drink和 coffee是不可数名词,可以用of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee,当前面加 a时,则表示“一杯”因此选 C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _men.A.earth and stone, millions ofB. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million ofD. the earths and stones, millions解析：earth是不可数名词，因此删除 B D,数以百万的应为 millions of .因此选 A。选择最佳答案：1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost.A. child, livesB. children, lifeC. children, livesD. child, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young.-OK, how happy they both looked!A. my father and motherB. my mother and fathersD.my fathers and my motherC. my mothers and fathers3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two.A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three4. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for ourD. Three class teachers.A. Teachers5. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride.A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hourB. TeachersC. the TeachersD. TeachersD. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls?- _, please.A.Two cup of coffeeC. Two cups of coffeeB. Two cups of coffeD. Two cups of coffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _.A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some _ are flying kites near the river.A. child B. boy C. boys9. After the exam, well have_ holiday.A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus.D. childsD. two weeksA. visitorB. visitorsC. visitorsD. visitors11.- How many workers are there in your factory?- There are two _.A. hundreds B. hundredC. hundred ofD. hundreds of12. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?- It sounds really wonderful.A. subjectB. musicC. bookD. animal13. There is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge. A. placeB. roomC. fieldD. ground14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. Wool15. If you dont take more _, youll get fat.A. medicine B. lessons C. photosB. PorkC. MuttonD. MilkD. exercise16. My school is about twenty _ walk from here.A. minute B. minutes C. minutess D. minutes17. Mum, I have _ to tell you!A. a good newsB. some good newsC. some good newesA. street C. road D. address19. I stayed at _ last Sunday.A. my uncles B. my uncles20. Maths _ not easy to learn.D. much good news18. Which is the _ to the post office?B. wayC. my unclesD. my uncles familyA. areB. isC. amD. were16-20 BBBC2.形容词1-5 CBCBB6-10 CACCD11-15 ABBCD A“How can I learn English well?” This is a question many students ask. In myopinion, the most effective way is to learn lessons by heart. If you can recite the textand write it out, youve learned it fairly well. And if you can tell, in your own words,what the lesson says youre a very successful learner indeed. Your English will bequite perfect.This is a difficult task. However, if you try to learn by heart only part of eachlesson, youll find it not half so hard as you might have thought.Learning this way, you will make rapid progress. Of course, writing is alsonecessary. It helps you a lot on our way to success in English.Equally important is to feel the language. You should be able to laugh at jokesand be shocked at bad news. When using English, try to forget your mother tongue.Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. So, never try to seeEnglish through translation.1.In the writers opinion, the most effective way in learning English is _.A.to practise speaking, writing and feeling itB.to forget your own native languageC.to translate everything into his own languageD.to memorize the English words and grammatical rules 2.“Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way.”Thissentence means that memorizing your own language can _.A.help you to study English wellC.make English easy to learnB.stop you mastering EnglishD.help you notice mistakes3.Equally important is to feel the language.“to feel the language” heremeans_.A.to get a knowledge of English by touchingB. to be able to read and write EnglishC.to translate English into your own by imaginingD.to be able to experience the rich sensation of the languageBWhen we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when wecan not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are.People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to theireyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, becomenearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem. They can see thingsthat are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it atarms length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too. Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the rightshape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some peoples eyes becomecloudy because of cataracts. Long ago these people often became blind. Now,however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. Afteryour eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side ofyour eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing toone side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. Thisis because when you turn your head, you are looking? at the thing too directly. Menon guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them.When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believethey were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye,which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye afterdark.1.We dont know that our eyes are of great importance until _.A. we think about our eyesC. we wear glassesB. we cannot see clearlyD. we have to do much reading2.According to the passage, a _ is more likely to be nearsighted.B. doctor C. guardA.tailorD.painter3.People who are farsighted _ .A.cannot do a lot of close work without glassesB.can only see things that are very close to their eyesC.have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arms length D.have the same problem as the nearsighted people4.To see a small thing at night, it is better to look _ .A.with wide open eyesC.straight at itB.with half shut or narrowed eyesD.in a slightly different directionCTrees are useful to man in three important ways: they give him wood and otheruseful things, they give him cool places, and they help to stop drought and flood.Unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of thesepoints is the most important. Man wants to make money from trees,so he has cutthem down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the bestfriends he had. And also, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees.So the forests slowly disappear.This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are evenworse: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil-make the rain in-and alsobind the soil, thus stopping it from being washed away easily; but where there areno trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carryingaway the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless desert.1.The most important points of trees to man is _.A.they help him to make moneyB.they give him coolC.they give him wood and other thingsD.they help him to stop drought and floods 2.In many places forests slowly disappear because _ .A.many trees have been cut down by manB.new trees are not well looked afterC.man has not paid enough attention to planting treesD.all the above3.Land becomes desert after all trees are cut down because _A. roots of trees break up the soilC. strong winds bring a lot of sandB. there are too many rainfallsD. there are no longer trees to keep the rain and protect the top-soil.4.Which title best fits the passage?A.Trees and ManB.The Function of Tree WoodD.The Usage of Tree RootsC.How do People do with Trees?英语完形填空练习These days computer games have become more and more popular in many cities andtowns. A lot of small shops along busy _1_ have changed into computer game houses inorder to get more _2_ . These places are always crowded with people.In the computer game houses, peoplemachines, Its for one to beat a computer, but one can do well after trying againand again. People want to when they play computer games. The more they 6 ,3a lot of money matching on the45the more they want to win, and at last they even cantThe result is that some people don t want tohouses for hours and hours. For school boys, things are7without it.and they play in computer game9 . They dont want to have 108. When school is over, they rush to the computer game houses near their11 .Some of them can get enough money from their 12 . Some of them are_13_enough to get the money. So they have to steal or rob others and become14 .Computer game addiction(上瘾) is a15problem in our life. Something has to be doneto stop it.()1. A. streets)2. A. boys)3. A. take)4. A. possible)5. A. read)6. A. lose)7. A. come)8. A. watch TV)9. A. better)10.A. lessons)11.A. classes)12. A. classmates)13. A. lucky)14. A. good)15. A. importantB. schoolsB. moneyB. spendB. easyB. learnB. tryC. townsC. computersC. costC. goodC.