英语中名词的用法.docx

一、英语中各种词性的用法及解释
1.名词
名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns）。
专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如 Beijing，China等。
（不是专有名词就是普通名词）
（1（名词变复数的方法
1)规则的变复数的方法
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加 -s
map-maps
bag-bags
car-cars
以 s,
sh,加 -es
bus-buses watch-
watches
ch, x等结
尾的词
以辅音字
变 y 为 i baby---babies
母+y结尾再加 es
的词
2)不规则变化情况
①以 o结尾的名词，变复数时：
a.加 s，如： photo---photos
piano---pianos
radio---radios
zoo-

--zoos；
b.加 es，如：potato—potatoes
tomato—tomatoes
（基本规律：有生命性质的词在后面加 es，否则加 s）
②以 f或 fe结尾的名词变复数时：
a.加 s，
gulfs；
如： belief---beliefs
roof---roofs safe---safes
gulf---
b.去 f, fe加-ves，如：half---halves
knife---knives
leaf---leaves
wolf---wolves wife---wives
life---lives
thief---thieves；
③名词复数的不规则变化
child---children
foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men
woman---women
④单复同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese
集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如： people police cattle等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a
cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the
English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss
等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
⑤以 s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
⑥ maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。news
是不可数名词。
(2)名词的格
1)在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称
为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：

2)单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有 s，也要加"'s"，如 the boy's bag
男孩的书包，men's room男厕所。
3)若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加"'"，如：the workers' struggle工人的斗争。
4）凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，
如：the title of the song歌的名字。
5 ）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出
现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's理发店。
6）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表
示'共有'。
如：John's and Mary's room（两间）John and Mary's room（一间）
例题解析
1. They got much _____ from those new books.
A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories
2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.
A. orange, orange
C. oranges, orange
B. oranges, oranges
D. orange, oranges
3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .
A. 25 minutes’ walk
C. 25 minute walk
B. 25 minute’s walk
D. 25 minutes walk
解析:句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选 A。
4. An old _______ wants to see you.

A. people
B. person
C. the people
D. the person
解析: person与 people都有”人”的意思,但用法不同.“一个人”用“a person”,
“两个人”用“two persons”; people泛指“人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the
people指“人民”, a people指“一个民族”.应选 B。
5. Help yourself to __________.
A. chickens and apples
C. chicken and apple
B. chickens and apple
D. chicken and apples
解析: chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡
肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因此选 D。
6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.
A. room’s number
B. rooms’ number
C. room numbers
D. rooms’
numbers
解析: room number房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 .类似的还有 my
phsics teacher,
two bus drivers等.应选 C。
7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.
A. family
B. house
C. home
D. room
解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room指的是房间;而
home指的是家,因此选 C.
8. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .
A. Mary and Peter’s
C. Mary’s and Peter
B. Mary and Peter
D. Mary’s and Peter’s
解析:此句中“mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选 D。

9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.
A. her uncle B. her uncle’s C. her uncles
D. aunt’s
解析:此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面
的名词.
因此选 B。
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.
A. many experiences
C. an experience
B. much experience
D. a lot experience
解析: experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词,作“经历”讲时是可数名词.本
句中应理解为“经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C.又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of
只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此选 B。
11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.
A. you
B. your
C. your sister
D. your sister’s
解析:此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选 D。
12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.
A. Frenchmen, Germans
C. Frenchmans , Germen
B. Germans ,Frenchmans
D. Germen , Frenchmen
解析: Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German的复数为直接在单词
末尾+S,应选 A.
13.The team ________ having a meeting .
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
解析: team是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) ,也可指小组中的成员(表
示复数),此题意为后者,因此选 B。

14. “Would you like _________?”
A. drink, Three coffees
“________, please.”
B. a cup of drink, Coffees
D. a drink, Three cups of coffees
C. a drink, A coffee
解析: drink和 coffee是不可数名词,可以用…of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee,
当前面加 a时,则表示　“一杯”．因此选 C。
15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________
men.
A.earth and stone, millions of
B. earths and stones, millions
C. the earth and stone, million of
D. the earths and stones, millions
解析：earth是不可数名词，因此删除 B D,数以百万的应为 millions of .
因此选 A。
选择最佳答案：
1． Last night, there was a food accident. The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.
A. child, lives
B. children, life
C. children, lives
D. child, life
2. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.
---OK, how happy they both looked!
A. my father and mother
B. my mother and father's
D.my father's and my mother
C. my mother's and father's
3. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.
A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three
4. Today is September 10th. It's __________ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our
D. Three class

teachers.
A. Teachers
5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _________ bicycle ride.
A.half an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hour
B. Teachers'
C. the Teachers'
D. Teacher's
D. an hour and a half
6. --- What would you like to drink, girls?
--- _________, please.
A.Two cup of coffee
C. Two cups of coffee
B. Two cups of coffe
D. Two cups of coffees
7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.
A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks
8. Some _________ are flying kites near the river.
A. child B. boy C. boys
9. After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.
A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks'
10. They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.
D. childs
D. two week's
A. visitor
B. visitors
C. visitor's
D. visitors'
11.--- How many workers are there in your factory?
--- There are two ___________.
A. hundreds B. hundred
C. hundred of
D. hundreds of
12. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?
--- It sounds really wonderful.
A. subject
B. music
C. book
D. animal
13. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.

A. place
B. room
C. field
D. ground
14. _________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it
A. Wool
15. If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.
A. medicine B. lessons C. photos
B. Pork
C. Mutton
D. Milk
D. exercise
16. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.
A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes's D. minutes
17. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!
A. a good news
B. some good news
C. some good newes
A. street C. road D. address
19. I stayed at ________ last Sunday.
A. my uncles B. my uncles'
20. Maths ________ not easy to learn.
D. much good news
18. Which is the ________ to the post office?
B. way
C. my uncle's
D. my uncle's family
A. are
B. is
C. am
D. were
16-20 BBBC2.形容词
1-5 CBCBB
6-10 CACCD
11-15 ABBCD

A
“How can I learn English well?” This is a question many students ask. In my
opinion, the most effective way is to learn lessons by heart. If you can recite the text
and write it out, you’ve learned it fairly well. And if you can tell, in your own words,
what the lesson says you’re a very successful learner indeed. Your English will be
quite perfect.
This is a difficult task. However, if you try to learn by heart only part of each
lesson, you’ll find it not half so hard as you might have thought.
Learning this way, you will make rapid progress. Of course, writing is also
necessary. It helps you a lot on our way to success in English.
Equally important is to feel the language. You should be able to laugh at jokes
and be shocked at bad news. When using English, try to forget your mother tongue.
Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. So, never try to see
English through translation.
1.In the writer’s opinion, the most effective way in learning English is ____.
A.to practise speaking, writing and feeling it
B.to forget your own native language
C.to translate everything into his own language
D.to memorize the English words and grammatical rules

2.“Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way.”This
sentence means that memorizing your own language can ________.
A.help you to study English well
C.make English easy to learn
B.stop you mastering English
D.help you notice mistakes
3.Equally important is to feel the language.“to feel the language” here
means________.
A.to get a knowledge of English by touching
B. to be able to read and write English
C.to translate English into your own by imagining
D.to be able to experience the rich sensation of the language
B
When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when we
can not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are.
People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their
eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become
nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.
People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem. They can see things
that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at
arm’s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too.

Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right
shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people’s eyes become
cloudy because of cataracts. Long ago these people often became blind. Now,
however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After
your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of
your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to
one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. This
is because when you turn your head, you are looking? at the thing too directly. Men
on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them.
When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe
they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye,
which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after
dark.
1.We don’t know that our eyes are of great importance until ________.
A. we think about our eyes
C. we wear glasses
B. we cannot see clearly
D. we have to do much reading
2.According to the passage, a ________ is more likely to be nearsighted.
B. doctor C. guard
A.tailor
D.painter
3.People who are farsighted ________ .
A.cannot do a lot of close work without glasses
B.can only see things that are very close to their eyes
C.have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arm’s length

D.have the same problem as the nearsighted people
4.To see a small thing at night, it is better to look ________ .
A.with wide open eyes
C.straight at it
B.with half shut or narrowed eyes
D.in a slightly different direction
C
Trees are useful to man in three important ways: they give him wood and other
useful things, they give him cool places, and they help to stop drought and flood.
Unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of these
points is the most important. Man wants to make money from trees,so he has cut
them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best
friends he had. And also, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees.
So the forests slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees. The results are even
worse: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil-make the rain in-and also
bind the soil, thus stopping it from being washed away easily; but where there are
no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods and carrying
away the rich top-soil. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless desert.
1.The most important points of trees to man is ________.
A.they help him to make money
B.they give him cool
C.they give him wood and other things
D.they help him to stop drought and floods

2.In many places forests slowly disappear because ________ .
A.many trees have been cut down by man
B.new trees are not well looked after
C.man has not paid enough attention to planting trees
D.all the above
3.Land becomes desert after all trees are cut down because ____
A. roots of trees break up the soil
C. strong winds bring a lot of sand
B. there are too many rainfalls
D. there are no longer trees to keep the rain and protect the top-soil.
4.Which title best fits the passage?
A.Trees and Man
B.The Function of Tree Wood
D.The Usage of Tree Roots
C.How do People do with Trees?
英语完形填空练习
These days computer games have become more and more popular in many cities and
towns. A lot of small shops along busy _1_ have changed into computer game houses in
order to get more __2___ . These places are always crowded with people.
In the computer game houses, people
machines, It's for one to beat a computer, but one can do well after trying again
and again. People want to when they play computer games. The more they 6 ,
3
a lot of money matching on the
4
5
the more they want to win, and at last they even can't
The result is that some people don' t want to
houses for hours and hours. For school boys, things are
7
without it.
and they play in computer game
9 . They don't want to have 10
8
.

When school is over, they rush to the computer game houses near their
11 .
Some of them can get enough money from their 12 . Some of them are
_13_enough to get the money. So they have to steal or rob others' and become
14 .
Computer game addiction(上瘾) is a
15
problem in our life. Something has to be done
to stop it.
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)1. A. streets
)2. A. boys
)3. A. take
)4. A. possible
)5. A. read
)6. A. lose
)7. A. come
)8. A. watch TV
)9. A. better
)10.A. lessons
)11.A. classes
)12. A. classmates
)13. A. lucky
)14. A. good
)15. A. important
B. schools
B. money
B. spend
B. easy
B. learn
B. try
C. towns
C. computers
C. cost
C. good
C.