1、48个英语国际音标认读详解英语音标一共有48个,其中元音有20个,辅音有28个。元音(20个)发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍长元音/:/:/:/i:/U:/短元音/ /e/ /双元音/e/ / /a/ /a/ / /e/ /辅音(28个)发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍清辅音/p/t/k/f/ /s/ / /h/ /ts/ /t/ /tr/浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/ / /d/dz/dr/r/鼻 音/m/n/ 半元音/j/ w/边音/英语音标及字母组合对照一、元音1) i: 发音字母:ee ea e ie ei three tree green sheep meet beef se
2、e eat tea meat leave teacher team mean speak clean pleasehe she me piece receive 2) 发音字母: i y e sit picture it is list six pig big build missmany twenty happy dictionarydecide delicious 3) 发音字母: abag hand and ant happy hat map black back glad flag man 4) e 发音字母: ea e a head bread sweater breakfast h
3、eavy pleasureelephant remember sell lesson better bed desk hotel yesmany any 5) : 发音字母:ir ur ear er orgirl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle purple Thursday learn early earth heardterm her work worker word world 6) 发音字母: er or o a e ur ureteacher under remember pla
4、yer father mother farmer afterdoctor actor forgettogether tomorrow today lesson welcome policemanaround about ago elephant away banana Chinastudent children open differentSaturday picture7) : 发音字母: ar acar farm card arm garden askfast class last glass aunt 8) 发音字母: u o ou oo up supper lunch fun run
5、hunt cup buscome mother dose brother love above trouble blood flood9) : 发音字母: al ar au or our oorall small wall talk tall ball call walk warm quarter daughter autumnshort horse for forty sport door floor store four your door floor10) () 发音字母: o a orange hot lost lot fox box hop lot notwant what wash
6、 watch 11) u: 发音字母: oo o utoo zoo food school room goose toothwho do two to shoe whosetrue truth blue full ruler12) 发音字母: oo ou u olook good foot book wood should could wouldput full pull pushwoman wolf 13) e 发音字母: a ay ai ey eaname cake late gate plane April play say may way day awayrain paint eigh
7、t eighteen eightythey grey great break14) 发音字母: o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know yellow below throw blow show rowboat coat goat15) a 发音字母: i y ighbike fine find hi nine five rice write likemy try fly bylight night high16) a 发音字母: ou ow house out about ground count sound blouse around mo
8、useflower down now cow how town brown17) 发音字母:oy oiboy toy toilet oil noise18) 发音字母: eer ear erebeer deer ear near dearhere 19) (e) 发音字母:ear air ere eirpear bear chair air there wheretheir theirs20) 发音字母:uresure二、辅音p pea peach pig pink purple mapt two too to boat ten twelvek(k、c、ck) come cap cat bik
9、e cake black duckf fish frog foot face farm three mouths snake sing face ship sheep shop she h hen house horse hand hairts skirts students shirtst Chinses China peach beach chickentr tree train trousersb bee big bye black bed bear book bananad bed dad do need duck headg bag pig dog egg girlv vest ve
10、ry live leave withz zoo zebra measure pleasured orange juicedz words hands heads friendsdr drink dress driver rabbit red ricem monkey milk some come game n nose son sun run chicken pen king sing Englishj yes yellow youw water watermelon whitel lion lemon blue leg lamp单元音/i:/ 嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,嘴角向两边张开,流露出
11、微笑的表情,与字母E发音相同。/ 嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部提高,嘴形扁平。/:/ 嘴形扁平,上下齿微开,舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起。/ 嘴唇微微张开,舌身平放,舌中部稍抬起,口腔自然放松发声。/:/ 嘴唇收的小而圆,并向前突出,舌身往后缩。/ 口腔打开,嘴张大,舌头向后缩,双唇稍收圆。/u:/ 嘴形小而圆,微微外突,舌头尽量外缩。/ 嘴唇张开略向前突,嘴形稍收圆并放松些,舌头后缩。/:/ 口腔打开,嘴张大,舌身放平,舌尖不抵下齿,下巴放低,放松发音。/ 嘴唇微微张开伸向两边,舌尖轻触下齿,舌后部稍微抬起。/ 嘴张大,嘴角尽量拉向两边,成扁平形,舌尖抵下齿,/e/ 嘴形扁平,舌尖抵下齿,舌前
12、部稍抬起。双元音/e/ 由e和i两个单音组成,e重读,i轻读,口型由半开到合。字母A就发这个音。/a/ 由两个单音组成,前音重读后音轻读,口型由开到合。与字母I的发音相同。/ 由和i两个单音组成,前重读后轻读,双唇由圆到扁,口型从开到合,/a/ 由a和u两个单音组成,a重读,u轻读,口型由大到小。/ 由和u两个单音组成,发音也是一个过程,口型由半开到小,与字母O的发音是相同的。/ 由i和两个单音组成,i重读,轻读,双唇始终是半开的。/e/ 由e和两个单音组成,前重后轻,舌尖抵下齿,双唇半开。/ 两个单音组成,u重读,轻读,双唇由收圆到半开。辅音音素/p/ 双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流冲出口腔
13、,发出爆破音,但声带不振动。/b/ 双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音,但声带需振动。/t/ 舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后突然弹开舌尖,让气流从口腔中喷出,但声带不振动。/d/ 舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后突然弹开舌尖,让气流从口腔中喷出,但声带需振动。/k/ 舌后部抵住软腭,憋住气,然后突然离开,将气送出来,像咳嗽一样,但声带不振动。/g/ 舌后部抵住软腭,憋住气,然后突然离开,将气送出来,像咳嗽一样,但声带需振动。/s/ 双唇微微张开,舌头自然放松,气流从上下齿隙间送出,但声带不振动。/z/ 双唇微微张开,舌头自然放松,气流从上下齿隙间送出,但声带需振动。/ 双唇收圆并微微突出
14、,舌头稍微上卷,舌尖接近上齿龈,送气,但声带不振动。/ 双唇收圆并微微突出,舌头稍微上卷,舌尖接近上齿龈,送气,但声带需振动。/t/ 双唇略微张开突出,舌尖抵住上齿龈,用力吐气,声带不振动。 /d/ 双唇略微张开突出,舌尖抵住上齿龈,用力吐气,声带需振动。/f/ 上齿轻轻接触下唇,然后吹气,使气流从唇齿间通过,形成摩擦,声带不振动。/v/ 上齿轻轻接触下唇,然后吹气,使气流从唇齿间通过,形成摩擦,声带需振动。/ 舌尖微微伸出,上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖,送气,但声带不振动。/ 舌尖微微伸出,上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖,送气,但声带需振动。/ts/ 舌尖先抵住上齿,堵住气流,使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出,声带不振动
15、。/dz/ 舌尖先抵住上齿,堵住气流,使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出,声带需振动。/tr/ 双唇收圆向前突出,舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈,采取发/r/的姿势,声带不振动。/dr/ 双唇收圆向前突出,舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈,采取发/r/的姿势,声带需振动。/h/ 嘴唇自然张开,自然呵气,声带不振动。/r/ 舌尖向上卷起,舌头不要接触任何部位,双唇稍微突出,声带振动。/ 舌尖抵住上齿龈,舌尖轻微用力弯曲,气流从舌旁边送出,声带振动。/m/ 双唇紧闭,舌头平放,气流从鼻腔送出,声带振动。/n/ 双唇微开,舌尖抵上齿龈,气流从鼻孔里出来,声带振动。/ 双唇张开,舌尖抵上齿龈,/ w/ 双唇缩小并向前突出,舌后部抬起,嘴
16、慢慢向两旁滑开,声带振动。/j/ 嘴形成微笑状,舌尖抵住下齿,舌面抵住上颚,声带需振动语音知识小结1) 字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u 2) 音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素. 3) 元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 4) 辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 5) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple,student,teacher,understand。 6) 开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike
17、home due; b) 辅音+元音 he,go,hi。 7) 闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad,bed,sit,hot,cup; b)元音+辅音it。 8) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 读音规则 1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。 2) 非重读音节 banana,student,today,after,i orange,secret,evening,very,Monday。 特殊读音 1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。not at all,half an hour,I love you and all、after
18、all。 2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。good girl,good student,good job,expression,school,extreme。 3)音的同化:两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。Would you do it? I am glad to meet you、Cant you see it? last year,this year。 重音 A)双音节词 a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorry。 b)有 a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,c
19、on-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。about,believe,address,decide,report,condemn,respect,compare,inform,discuss,impress,mistake,enforce,prepare,employ,permit,escape,produce,exclaim,translatec)有 de-,in-,re-,con-,pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。record,record; insult,
20、insult; conduct,conduct; present present; content,content。 d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词,有两个重音。outside,retell,well-known,unreal,fifteen,Chinese,pre-war,post-war。 B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult,communist,family,economy,opportunity,democracy。 b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音carefully,i
21、ndefinite,comfortable,conductor,according,disturbance,complicated,establishment。 c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。courteous,calligraphy,editorial,historian,periodic,mathematics,experience,sufficient,identify,translation,religious,curiosity,protective。 d)词尾有 -ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。entertain,employee,mountaineer,Japanese,cigarette。 10