考博英语词汇.doc

考博英语词汇（1）
第一部分 词汇记忆策略
1． 全脑活化
人类左右脑分析比较：
左脑：意识、低速、一般阅读、知识、知觉、知性、逻辑
右脑：无意识、超高速、速读、创造力、视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉、图像、色彩、
直觉
右脑具备左脑没有的特殊机能：
1． 超高速大量记忆机制
2． 图像化机能
3． 超高速演算机能
4． 共振共鸣机能
2． 举例说明：
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3． 词汇记忆策略：联想法、串联法、构词法、近义词、近形词、易混淆词、加减词、固定搭配
² euthanasia, chrysanthemum
² flower----rose, lily, tulip, peony, carnation, camellia, azalea, narcissus, chrysanthemum, forget-me-not, poinsettia, …
² receive---deceive---conceive (-ceive= take; con- = 共同)
² tumble---stumble （tumble…into/through 跌倒；stumble…over / on 脚下拌到东西而跌倒）
² stationary---stationery （文具，如笔pen,铅笔pencil中含有"e", 故见到"e"就想起是文具。）
² genius --- genuine (含有us的是天才，因为我们是天才啊！另一个就是“真正的”),
² form---deform确（形状；变形）
² attach to

第二部分 实例练习
1． 联想法
carnation, narcissus, coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, assassinate, antarctic, armour， abalone, flounder, cult, beau
2． 串联法
network:
Internet---cyberspace---email---e-commerce---website---on-line---homepage---browse---retrieve---log on…
3． 构词法
-age （状态、特性、行为）
page/rage, advantage/disadvantage, message/massage, courage/encourage, voltage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garage
coverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage, passage, postage, bondage （bond 结束、约束、债券；bondage就含有“束缚、奴役”的意思）, damage, garbage （garb 衣服）, manage ,spillage,
usage, storage, savage, sausage (sauce), dosage
language, image, heritage, engage
-ward
inward, outward, forward, backward, toward, upward, downward, seaward, skyward,---coward, reward, award,
a- (构成作表语用的形容词；构成动词。。。)
apart, aloud, around, away, afar, aboard, across
alike, acute, alive, asleep, aware
amaze, amend, amuse, arise, ascribe, avail, await, awake, award, abound, abridge, amount
affirm, acclaim, accompany, account, arrange, array, arrest, arrow
4． 近义词
Merchants 煤商
Blame for
Income
Thieves
Dealers
买进卖出商人
Condemn for
Wages
Burglars
Businessmen
（广义）商人
Accuse of
Salary
Robbers
Tradesmen
（英）店主
Criticize for
Pay
Bandits

Scene 特别的景象，如泰山的日出
Announce
Buyers
Synthetic
Scenery一国一地的自然风光
Publish
Shoppers
False
Views特别的景象
Advertise
Customers
Imitation
Nature 强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象
Inform
Clients
Counterfeit

Artificial
Urgent 紧急
Substitute
Particular

Hasty 草率
Selection
Peculiar
Mortal
Instant 立刻
Preference
Special
Fatal
Prompt 快速；及时
Alternative
Unusual
Deadly

Contend 竞争；斗争
Fraud
Preliminary
Imaginative
Compete比赛；竞争
Deceive
Primary
Imaginable
Struggle斗争
Cheat
Elementary
Imagined
Conflict 斗争
Dupe
Fundamental
Imaginary

Hinder
Decline
Perplex
Reproach
Preclude
Deny
Puzzle
Scold
Detain
Reject
Confuse
Compliment
Retard
Refuse

Reprimand
Hamper

Protract
Reliable
Fatigued
Empty
Postpone
Confident
Tired
Blank
Cancel
Faithful
Exhausted
Vacant
Delay
Dependent
Bored
Bare
Adjourn

5． 近形词

15

fiction
fraction
friction
function

tumble
stumble
scramble
humble
tremble
resume
consume
assume
presume

resumption
consumption
assumption
presumption
bore
core
pore
sore

simplify
modify
verify
rectify

justify
testify
rectify
verify

transcription
subscription
prescription
description

attribute
contribute
distribute
tribute

attitude
altitude
aptitude

descriptive
prescriptive

interference
interruption
intervention
interaction

transaction
transmission
transformation
transition

contact
intact

possibility
validity
reliability
security

conceivable
perceivable

arise
rise
raise
arouse

respectful
respectable
respected
respective

detain
attain
retain
certain
contain

room
doom
boom
loom

intense
intentional
intensive
intending
intended

assure
ensure
insure
reassure

sometimes
some time
sometime
some times

hatch
catch
patch
match

bare
rare
care
dare
fare
hare

banish
vanish
diminish
admonish

durability
flexibility
versatility
hostility

cooperate
coordinate
correlate
correspond

observe
reserve
conserve
preserve
deserve

prior
superior
inferior
senior
junior

sparrow
swallow
hollow
sorrow
narrow
pillow

bold
cold
fold
gold
hold
mold
sold
told

migrant
immigrant
immigrate
immigration
emigrant
emigrate
emigration

edge
hedge
wedge
pledge

deduce
reduce
produce
induce
seduce

preclude
exclude
include

form
deform
inform
transform
conform

contempt
attempt
prompt

except
accept
concept
percept

receive
deceive
conceive
perceive

achieve
believe
grieve
relieve

自测题：
1. 不看讲义，试一试你的记忆力。利用联想法，你能记住多少刚才所学的词：
1．____________________ 2. __________________ 3. _________________
4. _____________________ 5. __________________ 6. _________________
7. _____________________ 8. __________________ 9. _________________
10. ____________________ 11. _________________ 12. ________________
2. 列出以下单词的近义词：
1. income
2. mortal
3. urgent
4. synthetic
5. deceive
6. retard
7. empty
8. confuse
9. buyer
10. contend
3. 列出以下单词的近形词：
1. tumble
2. description
3. justify
4. attain
5. attribute
6. prior

汉英对照
近义词
Merchants 煤商
Dealers 买进卖出商人
Businessmen （广义）商人
Tradesmen （英）店主

Scene 特别的景象，如泰山的日出
Scenery 一国一地的自然风光
Views 特别的景象
Nature 强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象

Urgent 紧急
Hasty 草率
Instant 立刻
Prompt 快速；及时

Contend 搏斗；争夺 (compete against sb. in order to gain sth.)
Compete 比赛；竞争 (try to be more successful than another person or organization in business)
compete with sb. for sth. / compete for office（争夺公职） / against
Struggle 斗争 (try hard to achieve sth.) struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedom
Conflict 斗争 （两种观点、信仰不能同时存在，不能都正确。）a conflict of opinion （分歧）; The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.（关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。）

Hinder: make it difficult for sb. to do sth. Or for sth.to develop
High invest rates will hinder economic growth.
Preclude: (formal) prevent sth. or make sth. impossible
Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.
Detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）
Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽搁；留住）
He was detained by a flat tire on his way home.
The police detained the man to make further inquiries.
Retard: (formal) to delay the development of sth. or to make sth. happen more slowly than expected.（妨碍；推迟）
Cold weather retards the growth of many plants.
Bad roads retard the car （失修的公路阻滞了车速。）
Hamper: restrict sb. movement, activities, achievements by causing difficulties for them.
Women's progress in the workplace is still hampered by male's attitudes.
Hamper sb. from getting elected.

Protract: last a long time, esp. longer than usual
Protracted negotiations 旷日持久的谈判
Protract one's stay for some weeks 多呆了几个星期
Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or date
Gail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a while.
The match had to be postponed.
Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen.
The football game had been cancelled due to rain.
Delay: wait until a later time to do sth.
Don't delay claiming or you may lose benefit.
Adjourn: finish or stop for a short time
The chairman has the power to adjourn the meeting at any time.

Blame for 把……归于
Condemn for 谴责
Accuse sb. of sth. 指责
Criticize for 批判

Announce 宣布；通知
Publish 发表；出版
Advertise 为……做广告
Inform 告知 (inform sb.of sth.)

Substitute: sth. new or different that you use instead of sth. else that you used previously. 替代品；替补
Substitute teacher 代课教师
Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing from among a group of similar people or things.
Preference: if you like a preference for sth. you like it more than another thing.
Alternative: sth. that you can choose to do or use instead of sth. else

Fraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using clever and complicated methods.
Deceive: make sb. believe sth. that is not true in order to get what you want.
Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp. in competitive, game, exams.
Dupe: trick or deceive sb. 哄骗；诈骗
Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.

Decline: refuse to do sth. （比较婉转，礼貌拒绝邀请）
Deny: She denied working for the enemy = She said she was not working for the enemy ( NOT: She refused to work for the enemy.)
Reject:拒绝申请，观点，计划
Refuse: 拒绝邀请
Turn down 拒绝（口语）

Reliable 可靠的；可信赖的（侧重于始终如一。）
Confident 有信心的
Faithful 忠实的；可靠的（侧重于“忠于……”a reliable person, a faithful fighter
Dependent 从属的；依靠的

Income 总收入
Wages 按周或日付酬
Salary 月薪；年薪
Pay 工资

Buyers 买主
Shoppers 家庭中外出购物的人
Customers 顾客
Clients 委托人

Particular: special enough to mention separately
Peculiar: strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp. in a way that is unpleasant or worrying.
Taste peculiar
Special: not ordinary but different in some way and often better or more important.
a special diet
unusual: different from what is usual
special ---specially or especially
specially: used when you do sth. that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose (with a passive form of a verb: a specially made)
especially: to emphasize sth. is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things, ( …, especially when…)

Preliminary 初步的；开始的（强调开始之前有准备工作）
Primary 最初的；→主要的；基本的；→没有预备
Elementary 初步的；简单的
Fundamental 基础的

Perplex （常用被动）困惑；茫然；费解
Make you feel worried and confused because it is difficult to understand.
e.g. I was somewhat perplexed by his response.
Puzzle: confuse sb. or make them feel slightly anxious because they do not understand sth.
e.g. What puzzles me is how the burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm.
Confuse （常用被动）
Make sb. feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand.
e.g. Don't give me so much information.--- you are confusing me.
I was confused.

Fatigued: very tired.
e.g. fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep.
Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest.
Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy.
Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth. is interesting, or because you have nothing to do.
e.g. Children easily get bored.

Thieves 小偷；窃贼
Burglars 潜入室内的盗贼
Robbers 强盗；贼
Bandits 土匪；强盗（常出没在山区、森林）

Synthetic 合成的
False 假的；人造的（强调替代品，与原物不一样，如假牙，人造瓒石）
Imitation 仿造的(Beware of imitation 谨防假冒)
Counterfeit 比Imitation 更贬义
Artificial 人造的（强调生产方式，如：人工降雨）

Mortal : causing death or likely to cause death
e.g. mortal injures / blow / combat
Fatal: resulting in sb's death
e.g. fatal accident / illness / injures
Deadly : like dead in appearance
e.g. His face has a deadly paleness
likely to cause death
e.g. deadly person
lethal: causing death, or having the power to cause death
e.g. a lethal dose of a drug

Imaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way; good at thingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in one's mind
e.g. imaginative writer; imaginative child
Imaginable: emphasize that sth. is the best, worst example of sth. that it is possible to imagine
All, every, only
Imagined: forming a picture or idea in your mind about what sth. could be like.
Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind.
e.g. all the characters in this book are imaginary.

Reproach: ~sb. for /with sth.
~ for doing sth.
blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angry
e.g. Jake reproached her bitterly for abandoning him.
Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp. a child, about sth. that have done.
Compliment: ~ sb. on sth.
Say sth. nice to sb. in order to praise him
Reprimand: ~ sb. for sth.
tell sb. officially that sth. they have done is very wrong.
Rebuke: speak to sb. severely, about sth. they have done wrong. [ ~ sb. for V-ing]
Chide: (literary) to speak angrily to sb. because you do not approve of sth. they have done.

Compliment
Complement : show up the good qualities in sb. or sth. or make them seem more attractive.

Empty: having nothing inside; not having people inside; not being used
e.g. an empty table in the corner
[ empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their children have left home]
Blank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound; showing no understanding;
e.g. go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth.
for TV; stop showing any images
Vacant: vacant seat, room → empty and available for sb. to use
Vacant job, position → empty and available for sb. to start with
Bare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration; not covered by clothes, by trees or grass
Deceived 欺骗
Deserted 遗弃
Desperated 绝望
Disappointed 失望

近形词
fiction 小说
fraction 一部分
friction 摩擦
function 功能；职责

tumble 跌倒
stumble 拌倒
scramble 攀登；争夺
humble 谦虚；羞辱
tremble 颤抖；担心

resume 中断后重新开始
consume 消耗
assume 假定；假设；采用 (think that sth. is true although you have no proof of it. E.g. ~ responsibilities / power: start to do a job esp. an important one)
presume 推测；冒昧 (think you can be sure of sth. because it is likely, although there is no proof. E.g. ~ sb. / sth. to be sth. / be ~ed to do sth. / ~ to do sth.

resumption 恢复
consumption 消费
assumption 假定；臆断；傲慢(the assumption of responsibilities: the act of starting to have control or power) ( His air of assumption made him disliked.)
presumption 傲慢；推测；假定 (disrespectful or impolite behavior that shows you are too confident)

bore V.钻孔 n. 孔
core v. 使厌烦 n. 令人讨厌的事
pore v. 注视 n. 毛孔 a. 多孔的
sore a. 疼痛的 n. 痛处；溃疡

simplify 简化
modify 更改 对某物作稍微修改使其完善
verify 证实
rectify 纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况

justify 证明……是有道理的
testify 证明
rectify 纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况
verify 证实

transcription: 抄写；翻译；副本
subscription： 捐赠；订阅；认购；
prescription 药方；指令
description： 描述；描绘

attribute 把……归因于（to ）
contribute 捐赠；投稿
contribute… to 有助于
distribute 分发；分配
tribute 贡品；勒索的钱财；颂词

attitude 态度
altitude 高度
aptitude 天资；倾向
latitude 纬度
multitude 人群（a multitude of …许多）

descriptive 说明的
prescriptive 规范的；约定俗成的

interference 干预（强调妨碍）
interruption 打断
intervention 介于；在中间起作用
interaction 相互作用

transaction 办理；交易；学报；相反作用
transmission 传送；传播；发送
transformation 转换；改革
transition 变迁；过渡时期

contact 接触；交往；有影响的熟人 （tact 圆滑，乖巧，外交手腕）
intact 完整无缺的

possibility 可能性
validity 有效性；正确性
reliability 可靠性
security 保障；安全感

conceivable 可想象的；可相信的 able to be belileved or imagined. E.g. every conceivable means
perceivable 可感知的；可认识的

arise: begin to happen (problem, difficulty)
e.g. arise from= caused by
rise: increase, go upwards, rise, become successful
raise: e.g. raise a question; waise your voice
arouse: make you become interesting, expect sth. ; make sb. angry, afraid; wake sb.

When things and prices move upwards on their own, they rise.
People or government