考博英语词汇.doc

考博英语词汇（1）第一部分词汇记忆策略1 全脑活化人类左右脑分析比较：左脑：意识、低速、一般阅读、知识、知觉、知性、逻辑右脑：无意识、超高速、速读、创造力、视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉、图像、色彩、 直觉右脑具备左脑没有的特殊机能：1 超高速大量记忆机制2 图像化机能3 超高速演算机能4 共振共鸣机能2 举例说明：1326231828301521112419221314253 词汇记忆策略：联想法、串联法、构词法、近义词、近形词、易混淆词、加减词、固定搭配 euthanasia, chrysanthemum flower-rose, lily, tulip, peony, carnation, camellia, azalea, narcissus, chrysanthemum, forget-me-not, poinsettia, receive-deceive-conceive (-ceive= take; con- = 共同) tumble-stumble （tumbleinto/through 跌倒；stumbleover / on 脚下拌到东西而跌倒） stationary-stationery （文具，如笔pen,铅笔pencil中含有e, 故见到e就想起是文具。） genius - genuine (含有us的是天才，因为我们是天才啊！另一个就是“真正的”), form-deform确（形状；变形） attach to第二部分实例练习1 联想法carnation, narcissus, coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, assassinate, antarctic, armour， abalone, flounder, cult, beau2 串联法network:Internet-cyberspace-email-e-commerce-website-on-line-homepage-browse-retrieve-log on3 构词法-age （状态、特性、行为）page/rage, advantage/disadvantage, message/massage, courage/encourage, voltage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garagecoverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage, passage, postage, bondage （bond 结束、约束、债券；bondage就含有“束缚、奴役”的意思）, damage, garbage （garb 衣服）, manage ,spillage,usage, storage, savage, sausage (sauce), dosagelanguage, image, heritage, engage-wardinward, outward, forward, backward, toward, upward, downward, seaward, skyward,-coward, reward, award, a- (构成作表语用的形容词；构成动词。)apart, aloud, around, away, afar, aboard, acrossalike, acute, alive, asleep, awareamaze, amend, amuse, arise, ascribe, avail, await, awake, award, abound, abridge, amountaffirm, acclaim, accompany, account, arrange, array, arrest, arrow4 近义词Merchants 煤商Blame forIncomeThievesDealers 买进卖出商人Condemn forWagesBurglarsBusinessmen （广义）商人Accuse ofSalaryRobbersTradesmen （英）店主Criticize forPayBanditsScene 特别的景象，如泰山的日出AnnounceBuyersSyntheticScenery一国一地的自然风光PublishShoppersFalseViews特别的景象AdvertiseCustomersImitationNature 强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象Inform ClientsCounterfeitArtificialUrgent 紧急SubstituteParticularHasty 草率SelectionPeculiarMortalInstant 立刻PreferenceSpecialFatalPrompt 快速；及时Alternative Unusual Deadly Contend 竞争；斗争FraudPreliminaryImaginativeCompete比赛；竞争DeceivePrimaryImaginableStruggle斗争CheatElementaryImaginedConflict 斗争Dupe Fundamental Imaginary HinderDeclinePerplexReproachPrecludeDenyPuzzleScoldDetainRejectConfuse ComplimentRetardRefuse Reprimand HamperProtractReliableFatiguedEmptyPostponeConfidentTiredBlankCancelFaithfulExhaustedVacantDelayDependent Bored Bare Adjourn 5 近形词15fictionfractionfrictionfunctiontumblestumblescramblehumbletrembleresumeconsumeassumepresumeresumptionconsumptionassumptionpresumptionborecoreporesoresimplifymodifyverifyrectifyjustifytestifyrectifyverifytranscriptionsubscriptionprescriptiondescriptionattributecontributedistributetributeattitudealtitudeaptitudedescriptiveprescriptiveinterferenceinterruptioninterventioninteractiontransactiontransmissiontransformationtransitioncontactintactpossibilityvalidityreliabilitysecurityconceivableperceivableariseriseraisearouserespectfulrespectablerespectedrespectivedetainattainretaincertaincontainroomdoomboomloomintenseintentionalintensiveintendingintendedassureensureinsurereassuresometimessome timesometimesome timeshatchcatchpatchmatchbarerarecaredarefareharebanishvanishdiminishadmonishdurabilityflexibilityversatilityhostilitycooperatecoordinatecorrelatecorrespondobservereserveconservepreservedeservepriorsuperiorinferiorseniorjuniorsparrowswallowhollowsorrownarrowpillowboldcoldfoldgoldholdmoldsoldtoldmigrantimmigrantimmigrateimmigrationemigrantemigrateemigrationedgehedgewedgepledgededucereduceproduceinduceseduceprecludeexcludeincludeformdeforminformtransformconformcontemptattemptpromptexceptacceptconceptperceptreceivedeceiveconceiveperceiveachievebelievegrieverelieve自测题：1. 不看讲义，试一试你的记忆力。利用联想法，你能记住多少刚才所学的词：1_ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _ 9. _10. _ 11. _ 12. _2. 列出以下单词的近义词：1. income2. mortal3. urgent4. synthetic5. deceive6. retard7. empty8. confuse9. buyer10. contend 3. 列出以下单词的近形词：1. tumble2. description3. justify4. attain5. attribute6. prior汉英对照近义词Merchants 煤商Dealers 买进卖出商人Businessmen （广义）商人Tradesmen （英）店主Scene 特别的景象，如泰山的日出Scenery一国一地的自然风光Views特别的景象Nature 强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象Urgent 紧急Hasty 草率Instant 立刻Prompt 快速；及时Contend 搏斗；争夺 (compete against sb. in order to gain sth.) Compete比赛；竞争 (try to be more successful than another person or organization in business)compete with sb. for sth. / compete for office（争夺公职） / againstStruggle斗争 (try hard to achieve sth.) struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedomConflict 斗争 （两种观点、信仰不能同时存在，不能都正确。）a conflict of opinion（分歧）; The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.（关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。）Hinder: make it difficult for sb. to do sth. Or for sth.to developHigh invest rates will hinder economic growth.Preclude: (formal) prevent sth. or make sth. impossibleAge alone will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.Detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽搁；留住）He was detained by a flat tire on his way home.The police detained the man to make further inquiries.Retard: (formal) to delay the development of sth. or to make sth. happen more slowly than expected.（妨碍；推迟）Cold weather retards the growth of many plants.Bad roads retard the car （失修的公路阻滞了车速。）Hamper: restrict sb. movement, activities, achievements by causing difficulties for them.Womens progress in the workplace is still hampered by males attitudes.Hamper sb. from getting elected.Protract: last a long time, esp. longer than usualProtracted negotiations 旷日持久的谈判Protract ones stay for some weeks 多呆了几个星期Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or dateGail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a while.The match had to be postponed.Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen.The football game had been cancelled due to rain.Delay: wait until a later time to do sth.Dont delay claiming or you may lose benefit.Adjourn: finish or stop for a short timeThe chairman has the power to adjourn the meeting at any time.Blame for把归于Condemn for谴责Accuse sb. of sth.指责Criticize for批判Announce宣布；通知Publish发表；出版Advertise为做广告Inform 告知 (inform sb.of sth.)Substitute: sth. new or different that you use instead of sth. else that you used previously. 替代品；替补Substitute teacher 代课教师Selection: the careful choice of a particular person or thing from among a group of similar people or things.Preference: if you like a preference for sth. you like it more than another thing.Alternative: sth. that you can choose to do or use instead of sth. else Fraud: a method of illegally getting money from sb., often by using clever and complicated methods.Deceive: make sb. believe sth. that is not true in order to get what you want.Cheat: behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp. in competitive, game, exams.Dupe: trick or deceive sb. 哄骗；诈骗Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.Decline: refuse to do sth. （比较婉转，礼貌拒绝邀请）Deny: She denied working for the enemy = She said she was not working for the enemy ( NOT: She refused to work for the enemy.)Reject:拒绝申请，观点，计划Refuse: 拒绝邀请Turn down 拒绝（口语）Reliable可靠的；可信赖的（侧重于始终如一。）Confident有信心的Faithful忠实的；可靠的（侧重于“忠于”a reliable person, a faithful fighterDependent 从属的；依靠的Income总收入Wages按周或日付酬Salary月薪；年薪Pay工资Buyers买主Shoppers家庭中外出购物的人Customers顾客Clients委托人Particular: special enough to mention separatelyPeculiar: strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp. in a way that is unpleasant or worrying.Taste peculiarSpecial: not ordinary but different in some way and often better or more important. a special dietunusual: different from what is usualspecial -specially or especiallyspecially: used when you do sth. that is different from what you usually do for a particular purpose (with a passive form of a verb: a specially made)especially: to emphasize sth. is more worth mentioning or more important than the other things, ( , especially when)Preliminary初步的；开始的（强调开始之前有准备工作）Primary最初的；主要的；基本的；没有预备Elementary初步的；简单的Fundamental 基础的Perplex（常用被动）困惑；茫然；费解Make you feel worried and confused because it is difficult to understand.e.g. I was somewhat perplexed by his response.Puzzle: confuse sb. or make them feel slightly anxious because they do not understand sth.e.g. What puzzles me is how the burglar got into the house without setting off the alarm.Confuse （常用被动）Make sb. feel that they cannot think clearly or do not understand.e.g. Dont give me so much information.- you are confusing me.I was confused.Fatigued: very tired.e.g. fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a deep sleep.Tired: feeling that you want tosleep or rest.Exhausted: extremely tired and having no energy.Bored: tired and impatient because you do not think sth. is interesting, or because you have nothing to do.e.g. Children easily get bored.Thieves小偷；窃贼Burglars潜入室内的盗贼Robbers强盗；贼Bandits土匪；强盗（常出没在山区、森林）Synthetic合成的False假的；人造的（强调替代品，与原物不一样，如假牙，人造瓒石）Imitation仿造的(Beware of imitation 谨防假冒)Counterfeit比Imitation更贬义Artificial人造的（强调生产方式，如：人工降雨）Mortal : causing death or likely to cause deathe.g. mortal injures / blow / combatFatal: resulting in sbs deathe.g. fatal accident / illness / injuresDeadly : like dead in appearancee.g. His face has a deadly palenesslikely to cause deathe.g. deadly personlethal: causing death, or having the power to cause deathe.g. a lethal dose of a drugImaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way; good at thingking of new, interesting ideas and at forming pictures in ones mind e.g. imaginative writer; imaginative childImaginable: emphasize that sth. is the best, worst example of sth. that it is possible to imagineAll, every, onlyImagined: forming a picture or idea in your mind about what sth. could be like.Imaginary: not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind.e.g. all the characters in this book are imaginary.Reproach: sb. for /with sth. for doing sth.blame or criticize someone in a way that shows you are disappointed, but not angrye.g. Jake reproached her bitterly for abandoning him.Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp. a child, about sth. that have done.Compliment: sb. on sth.Say sth. nice to sb. in order to praise himReprimand: sb. for sth.tell sb. officially that sth. they have done is very wrong.Rebuke: speak to sb. severely, about sth. they have done wrong. sb. for V-ingChide: (literary) to speak angrily to sb. because you do not approve of sth. they have done.ComplimentComplement : show up the good qualities in sb. or sth. or make them seem more attractive.Empty: having nothing inside; not having people inside; not being usede.g. an empty table in the corner empty nest: the situation that parents are in when all their children have left homeBlank: without any writing, print, or recorded sound; showing no understanding;e.g. go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth. for TV; stop showing any imagesVacant: vacant seat, room empty and available for sb. to useVacant job, position empty and available for sb. to start withBare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration; not covered by clothes, by trees or grassDeceived欺骗Deserted遗弃Desperated 绝望Disappointed失望近形词fiction小说fraction一部分friction摩擦function功能；职责tumble跌倒stumble拌倒scramble攀登；争夺humble谦虚；羞辱tremble颤抖；担心resume中断后重新开始consume消耗assume假定；假设；采用 (think that sth. is true although you have no proof of it. E.g. responsibilities / power: start to do a job esp. an important one) presume推测；冒昧 (think you can be sure of sth. because it is likely, although there is no proof. E.g. sb. / sth. to be sth. / be ed to do sth. / to do sth.resumption恢复consumption消费assumption假定；臆断；傲慢(the assumption of responsibilities: the act of starting to have control or power) ( His air of assumption made him disliked.)presumption傲慢；推测；假定 (disrespectful or impolite behavior that shows you are too confident)boreV.钻孔 n. 孔corev. 使厌烦n. 令人讨厌的事porev. 注视n. 毛孔 a. 多孔的sorea. 疼痛的n. 痛处；溃疡simplify简化modify更改对某物作稍微修改使其完善verify证实rectify纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况justify证明是有道理的testify证明rectify纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况verify证实transcription:抄写；翻译；副本subscription： 捐赠；订阅；认购；prescription药方；指令description：描述；描绘attribute把归因于（to ）contribute捐赠；投稿contribute to有助于distribute分发；分配tribute贡品；勒索的钱财；颂词attitude态度altitude高度aptitude天资；倾向latitude纬度multitude人群（a multitude of 许多）descriptive说明的prescriptive规范的；约定俗成的interference干预（强调妨碍）interruption打断intervention介于；在中间起作用interaction相互作用transaction办理；交易；学报；相反作用transmission传送；传播；发送transformation转换；改革transition变迁；过渡时期contact接触；交往；有影响的熟人 （tact 圆滑，乖巧，外交手腕）intact完整无缺的possibility可能性validity有效性；正确性reliability可靠性security保障；安全感conceivable可想象的；可相信的 able to be belileved or imagined. E.g. every conceivable meansperceivable可感知的；可认识的arise:begin to happen (problem, difficulty)e.g. arise from= caused byrise: increase, go upwards, rise, become successfulraise: e.g. raise a question; waise your voicearouse: make you become interesting, expect sth. ; make sb. angry, afraid; wake sb.When things and prices move upwards on their own, they rise.People or government