高考必考点之(状语从句)考点大全.ppt

Overview of adverbial clauses 句句子子的的分分类类Adverbial ClausesDefinitionAnadverbialclauseisadependentclausethatfunctionsasanadverb.Comparethetwosentences:Everymorninghesitsthere.Everymorninghesitswherethereisapalmtree.Time时间状语从句时间状语从句Place地点状语从句地点状语从句Reason原因状语从句原因状语从句Condition条件状语从句条件状语从句Purpose目的状语从句目的状语从句Result结果状语从句结果状语从句Manner方式状语从句方式状语从句Concession让步状语从句让步状语从句Contrast比较状语从句比较状语从句Adverbial ClauseAdverbialClauses在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。准确掌握每一个连接词的含义是掌握状准确掌握每一个连接词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。高考英语状语从句及连接词的应用高考英语状语从句及连接词的应用1.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME常用连接词：常用连接词：when/while/as,since,till/until,before,once,assoonas特殊连接词：特殊连接词：immediately/directly/instantlythemoment/theinstant/theminute,bythetime,eachtime/everytime/whenevernosoonerthan,hardly(scarcely)when从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，用现在完成从句一般用一般现在时表示将来，用现在完成时表示将来完成时时表示将来完成时1.While（当（当时）时）Jennywasdoingthewashingup,JanewaswatchingTV.2.Thetrainhadleftbythetime（到（到时）时）theyrushedtothestation.1.AdverbialClauseofTime3.Theinstant（一（一就就）Isawhim,IknewIhaveseenhimbefore.4.Everytime（每次）（每次）Iwenttovisithim,hewasplayingcomputergames.5.Eachtime（每当）（每当）wemetwithdifficulties,theycametoourhelp6.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethan（刚（刚就就）itbegantorain.1.AdverbialClauseofTime2.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PLACE常用连接词：常用连接词：where特殊特殊连接接词：everywhereanywherewherever Putthekeywhereyoucanfinditlater.Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。（谚语）有志者事竟成。（谚语）Whereverthereissmoke,thereisfire.无风不起浪。（谚语）无风不起浪。（谚语）3.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF REASON常用连接词：常用连接词：becausesinceasfor特殊连接词：特殊连接词：thatinthatnow(that)seeingthatconsideringthatgivingthatforthereasonthat3.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF REASON1.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.2.Heisabsenttoday,becauseforheisill.3.Hemustbeillforheisabsenttoday.3.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF REASON4.Imhappythatyouvetoldthetruth.5.Somepeoplesaymandiffersfromanimalsinthatwehavetheabilitytolaugh.6.Consideringthathiswifehasjusthadabadcold,hedecidedtogotothepartyalone.4.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONDITION常用连接词常用连接词:if,unless,as/solongas特殊连接词特殊连接词:providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat,giventhatIf引导的条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两引导的条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种，种，虚拟条件句要用虚拟语气。虚拟条件句要用虚拟语气。4.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONDITION1.IwillgotothepartyifIaminvited.2.Iwontgotothepartyunlessinvited.3.Wellletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepitclean.4.Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.5.Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.5.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PURPOSE常用连接词：常用连接词：sothat,inorderthat特殊连接词：特殊连接词：lest,incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat从句中的从句中的谓语动词常常用常常用may,might,can,could,should等情等情态动词1.Speakloudersothateveryonecanhearyou.5.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PURPOSE2.Theystartedearlyinorderthattheycouldarrivehomebeforedinnertime.3.Wedarenotplayjokesonhimlesthe(should)beangry.4.Westoodunderthetreequietlyforfearthatthebird(should)flyaway.表示目的的几种句型表达表示目的的几种句型表达He got up early to catch the early bus.=Hegotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.=Hegotupearlysoastocatchtheearlybus.=Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.=Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatchtheearlybus.6.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT常用连接词常用连接词:so/suchthat,sothat特殊连接词特殊连接词:tothe/suchadegreethat,totheextentthatHegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.Itssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.6.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULTTosuchadegreewasheexcitedthathecouldntsleeplastnight.Hishumourwassuchastomakeusalllaugh.=Hewassohumourousastomakeusallalugh.=Hewassohumourousthatwealllaugh.7.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF MANNER常用引导词：常用引导词：as,asif,asthough特殊引导词：特殊引导词：how,theway,AistoBwhatCistoD/CistoD1.Youdbettertakethingsastheyare.2.WheninRome,doastheRomando.3.Foodistomeniswhatoilistomachine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。7.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF MANNER4.Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.在在asif或或asthough引引导的状的状语从句中多用从句中多用过去去时表示虚表示虚拟语气。气。5.Helookedatme asifIweremad.6.Heactedasthoughhehadbeentherebefore.8.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONCESSION常用连接词常用连接词:though,although,evenifeventhough特殊连接词：特殊连接词：while(一般用于句首一般用于句首),as(用于倒装结构用于倒装结构)whetheror,wh-ever=nomatterwh-8.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONCESSION1.Thoughheisyoung,hecouldsolvetheproblemonhisown.=Youngasheis,hecouldsolvetheproblemonhisown.2.Althoughheisachild,hecouldsolvetheproblemonhisown.=Childasheis,hecouldsolvetheproblemonhisown.9.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONTRAST常用连接词常用连接词:asas,notso/asas(同级比较同级比较),than(不同程度的比较不同程度的比较)特殊连接词特殊连接词:the+比较级比较级,the+比较级比较级;1.Thelittlegirlwantstobeascleverasherbrother.2.Hedoesntworksohardasyoudo.9.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONTRAST3.Themoreyouworry,thelessyoullsucceed.4.Shedidworseinthetestthansheexpected.9.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONTRAST5.这个房间是哪个房间的三倍大。这个房间是哪个房间的三倍大。Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.Thisroomisthreetimeslargerthanthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.9.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONTRAST6.今年的收入是去年的两倍。今年的收入是去年的两倍。Theincomeofthisyearistwicethatoflastyear.Theincomeofthisyearistwicewhatitwaslastyear.考点一考点一高频连接词高频连接词29when/while/aswhen:持续性非持续性动词都可持续性非持续性动词都可1)当当时候时候Areyougoingtobeasailorwhenyouleaveschool?2)正在正在忽然忽然when=atthistime/atthattimesb.wasdoingwhensbwasabouttodo/wasgoingtodowhensbhasjustdonewhen3)表示原因表示原因“既然既然”“考虑到考虑到”，相当于，相当于since;consideringthat。Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyouvegotsuchagoodonealready?whileWhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.(while=_)Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.(while=_)WhileIreallydontlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.(while=_)Whilethereislifethereishope.(while=_)whenalthoughas long as 而而1.Shesangassheworked.一边一边一边一边2.Smartasheis,hedoesntstudyhard.虽然，尽管虽然，尽管3.YoumusttrytodoasIdid.依照，按照依照，按照4.Asshewaslateforclass,shehadtosaysorry.因为因为5.Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolde随着随着 beforeItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.Itwontbehalfayearbeforewemeetagain.Wesailedfourdaysandnightsbeforewesawtheland.Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.肯定句肯定句 “才才”否定句否定句 “就就”it will be+一段时间一段时间 before.多久之后才多久之后才.it wont be+一段时间一段时间 before.不久就不久就.sincebeforewhenthatItis+时间时间+易混淆句型易混淆句型Itsthreedayssincehereturnedhome.Itwasthreedaysbeforehereturnedhome.Itwillbethreedaysbeforehereturnedhome.Itwasthreedayslaterthathereturnedhome.Itwasthreeoclockwhenhegothome.Itwasatthreeoclockthathegothome.where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别和联系和联系where：引导定语从句时，相当于引导定语从句时，相当于in/at/towhich;where：引导状语从句时，相当于引导状语从句时，相当于in/at/totheplacewherePleasemakeamarkintheplacewhereyouhaveaquestion.定语从句定语从句Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.状语从句状语从句unless除非，如果不除非，如果不 相当于相当于ifnotMostbirdsfinditsafetosleepinthetrees,but_theyhaveeggsoryoungchicks,theydontuseanest.A.whyB.howC.unlessD.whereso/suchthatso+adj./adv.+thatso+adj.+a(n)+n.+thatsuch+a(n)+adj.+n.+thatsuch+adj.+n.(UC)/n.(pl.)+that+Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.=Heissogoodateacherthatweallrespecthim.=Sogoodateacherishethatweallrespecthim.=Suchagoodteacherishethatweallrespecthim.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthattheteacherpraisehim.Hemadesomuchprogressthattheteacherpraisehim.“一一就就”的表达法的表达法assoonashardly/scarcelywhennosoonerthatthemoment/minute/second/instantimmediately/instantly/directlyon/upon+n./doing他一到达车站汽车就发动了。他一到达车站汽车就发动了。Assoonas(连词连词)hearrivedatthestation,thebusstarted.=Hardly(连词连词)hadhearrivedatthestationwhenthebusstarted.=Nosooner(连词连词)hadhearrivedatthestationthanthebusstarted.=Immediately(副词副词)hearrivedatthestation,thebusstarted.=Themoment(名词名词)hadhearrivedatthestationwhenthebusstarted.=Upon/On(介词介词)hisarrivalatthestation,thebusstarted.until/till均可用于肯定句，但均可用于肯定句，但until可用于句首，可用于句首，till则不可。则不可。肯定句：肯定句：Sheslepttill/untilmidnight.Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.否定句：否定句：Shedidntarriveuntilmidnight.Hedidntgotobeduntilhefinishedhiswork.=Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegotobed.(倒装句倒装句)=Itwasnotuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed.(强调句强调句)however,whateverhowever：后接：后接adj.或或adv.,相当于相当于nomatterhowwhatever：后接：后接n.,相当于相当于nomatterwhat。Howeverdifficultitmaybe,youshouldntgiveup.Whateverdifficultiesyoumaycomeacross,youshouldntgiveup.Howevermanydifficultiesyoumaycomeacross,youshouldntgiveup.Youcandresshoweveryoulike.Youcanwearwhateveryoulike.区别几组词区别几组词1aslongas和和 asfarasaslongas=solongas只要只要Asfaras=sofaras就就而言；到而言；到程度程度2onlyif和和 ifonlyonlyif只要只要Ifonly要是要是就好了就好了3asif和和evenifasif似乎，好像似乎，好像evenif即使，纵然即使，纵然4despite和和 althoughdespite(介词介词)虽然虽然although(连词连词)虽然虽然5with和和 aswith(介词介词)随着随着as(连词连词)随着随着.考点二考点二状语从句中成分的省略状语从句中成分的省略53当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略。谓语则按下面几种情况句的主语可以省略。谓语则按下面几种情况省略或变化：省略或变化：1.“系表系表”结构省略结构省略be动词；动词；2.被动语态省略助动词被动语态省略助动词be；3.主动语态的动词则变为主动语态的动词则变为doing。*after,before,since后接后接being done表示被动。表示被动。If necessary(如果有必要的话如果有必要的话),Ill explain it to you again.Though lacking(lack)money,they sent their children to school.He stopped as if to see(see)if someone followed him.状语从句同时具备下列两个条件状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句主要动词是从句主要动词是be的某种形式。的某种形式。从句中的主语和从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。动词常可省略。When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou.除非情况对你来说不方便除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这否则你必须出席这次会议。次会议。另外，比较状语从句经常省略。另外，比较状语从句经常省略。Imtallerthanhe(istall).Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).【注意注意】：当从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分当从句主语和主句主语不一致时，从句部分要么用完全形式，要么用要么用完全形式，要么用独立主格结构独立主格结构来表来表达。达。Whenthemeetingwasover,allthepeoplewentoutofthemeeting-room.当会议结束时，人们都走出了会议室。当会议结束时，人们都走出了会议室。=Themeetingover,allthepeoplewentoutofthemeeting-room.考点三考点三时态一致性时态一致性59在在时间时间或或条件条件状语从句中，当主句是将来时的状语从句中，当主句是将来时的时候，从句的时候，从句的谓语动词谓语动词一般用一般用“一般现在时一般现在时”表表示示“一般将来时一般将来时”，用，用“现在完成时现在完成时”表示表示“将来将来完成时完成时”。要注意。要注意时态一致时态一致。Theyaregoingtohaveapicnicifitdoesntrainnextweek.AssoonasIhavefinishedthiswork,Iwillhavegonehome.考点四考点四状语从句与倒装句状语从句与倒装句61as引导让步状语从句时，通常从句要倒装引导让步状语从句时，通常从句要倒装as表示表示“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句时，引导让步状语从句时，出出于强调的目的要倒装，即从句中的表语、谓语于强调的目的要倒装，即从句中的表语、谓语动词或做状语的副词调至从句之首动词或做状语的副词调至从句之首a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。句首名词不能带任何冠词。b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。一起放在主语之前。句型为：句型为：名词名词/形容词形容词/过去分词过去分词 +as/though+主语主语 +动词动词 +主句主句 1.Thoughheisasmallchild,heknowswhatistherightthingtodo.Childasheis,heknowswhatistherightthingtodo.2.Thoughheworkedhard,heneverseemedabletodotheworksatisfactorily.Hardasheworked,heneverseemedabletodotheworksatisfactorily.3.Thoughyoumayfail,youshouldnevergiveup.Failasyoumay,youshouldnevergiveup.4.Thoughitwasrainingheavilyoutside,theystartedoutveryearly.Heavilyasitwasrainingoutside,theystartedoutveryearly.5._,Carolinacouldntgetthedooropen.A.TryasshemightB.AsshemighttryC.ShemightastryD.Mightsheastry6._,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quiteashemaybeastudentso,such引导的结果状语从句置于引导的结果状语从句置于句首，会引起倒装。句首，会引起倒装。1.Soangrywashethatheyelledatme.2.Suchanicedaywasitthatwepicnickedonthegrass.3.Sodifficult_ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskedTomforadvice.A.IdidfindB.didIfindC.IhavefoundD.haveIfound“only+状语从句状语从句”位于句首，主句用部分位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变倒装语序，从句语序不变Onlywhenthewarwasover_tohishometown.A.didtheyoungsoldierreturnB.theyoungsoldierreturned.C.returnedtheyoungsoldierD.theyoungsoldierdidreturnnotuntil从句被提到句首时，主句用部分从句被提到句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变倒装语序，从句语序不变Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize表示表示“一一就就”的两个常见结构的两个常见结构 “Nosoonerhadthan.”“Hardly/Scarcelyhadwhen.”.DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?No,nosooner_thanithappened.A.hadshegoneB.shehadgoneC.hasshegoneD.shehasgone.考点五考点五注意区分不同从句注意区分不同从句71引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。根据句子结构和句意来判别。Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.地点状语从句地点状语从句Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.定语从句，句中有先行词定语从句，句中有先行词Idontknowwherehecamefrom.宾语从句宾语从句Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.主语从句主语从句Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.表语从句表语从句.考点六考点六并列句与状语从句并列句与状语从句73并列句的基本概念并列句的基本概念并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。简单句被称为分句。常见的并列句常见的并列句1.表递进关系：表递进关系：用来表递进关系的并列连词有用来表递进关系的并列连词有and,notonlybutalso，neithernor,notbut等。等。2.表选择关系：表选择关系：常用的并列连词有常用的并列连词有or,either or，otherwise等。等。Eitheryouareright,orIam.3.表转折对比关系表转折对比关系：常用的并列连词有常用的并列连词有but,yet,whereas,while等。等。Thecarisold,(and/but)yetitisingoodcondition.=Thecarisold,butitisingoodcondition.=Thecarisold.However(=Nevertheless=Still),itisingoodcondition.*but不与不与although连用，但连用，但yet,still可与可与although连用。连用。4.表因果关系：表因果关系：常用的并列连词有常用的并列连词有so,for。TheshopswereclosedsoIdidntgetanymilk.商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。*for常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为发生常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，常位于两的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，常位于两个并列句中间，不可位于句首。个并列句中间，不可位于句首。5.用祈使句表示条件状语从句用祈使句表示条件状语从句1)“祈使句祈使句+and+陈述句陈述句”=“if引导的肯定条件句引导的肯定条件句+陈述句陈述句”。2)“祈使句祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句陈述句”=“if引导的否定条件句引导的否定条件句+陈述句陈述句”。Workhard,andyoullgetgoodgrades.(改为含有条件状语从句的复合句改为含有条件状语从句的复合句)Ifyouworkhard,youllgetgoodgrades.1.UnlikewatchingTV,readingisahighlyactiveprocess_itrequiresattentionaswellasmemoryandimagination.A.untilB.butC.unlessD.for2.Theoldteacherfounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,_hereyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.andB.forC.butD.or3.Sheisseriouslyill,_shedoesntgiveuphope.A.thoughB.butC.stillD.however4.Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften,_youllfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.A.tillB.orC.andD.but1.1.状语从句的种类状语从句的种类2.2.状语从句中的六大考点：状语从句中的六大考点：高频连接词；高频连接词；状语从句中成分的省略；状语从句中成分的省略；时态的一致性；时态的一致性；状语从句与倒装句；状语从句与倒装句；注意区分不同从句；注意区分不同从句；并列句与状语从句。并列句与状语从句。1._scientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse,thereismuchwestilldontknow.（2015安徽安徽23）A.OnceB.SinceC.ThoughD.Unless2._heoncefeltlikegivingup,henowhasthedeterminationtopushfurtherandkeepongoing.（2015安徽安徽34）A.WhereB.AsC.IncaseD.NowthatTest yourself3.Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyears_yougetanotherone.（2015重庆重庆4）A.AsB.beforeC.sinceD.after4._thejobtakesasignificantamountoftime.moststudentsagreethattheexperienceisworthit（2015湖湖南南33）A.IfonlyB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Incase5.Ibelieveyouwillhaveawonderfultimehereyougettoknoweveryoneelse.（2015陕西陕西20）A.thoughtB.asifC.onceD.sothat6.asingleworldcanchangethemeaningofasentence,asinglesentencecanchangethemeaningofaparagraph.（2015浙江浙江9）A.JustasB.EventhoughC.UntilD.Unless7.Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblem_wecansolveit.（2015天津天津12）A.whileB.afterC.before D.as8.Thereisonlyonemoredaytogoyourfavoritemusicgroupplaylive.（2015四川四川6）A.sinceB.untilC.whenD.before9.Itissocoldthatyoucantgooutside_fullycoveredinthickclothes.（2015江苏江苏26）A.ifB.unlessC.onceD.when10._thestudentscamefromdifferentcountries,theygotalongquitewellinthesummercamp.（2015福建福建31）A.WhileB.UnlessC.SinceD.Until11.Heisashyman,_heisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.（2015北北京京25）A.soB.butC.orD.as12.Youwontfindpapercuttingdifficult_youkeeppracticingit.（2015北京北京28）A.eventhough B.aslongasC.asifD.eversince13._thedamageisdone,itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.（2015北京北京32）A.UntilB.UnlessC.OnceD.Although14.Standoverthere_youllbeabletoseeitbetter.(2015天津例题天津例题)A.orB.andC.butD.while HOMEWORK1.Go over what you have learned today by reading the example sentences.2.Finish the exercises in workbook.Thank you!