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中考英语阅读理解解题技巧点拨
中考英语阅读题目得考查类型与解题技巧
中考英语阅读题目主要有以下四种类型,现将每一种类型得考查要点与解题技巧分析如下:
1、主旨题( To find out the main idea)
其目得就是考查对短文中心思想或作者意图得掌握。
解题技巧为:找主题句。 应先通读全文,理解大意,充分理解主题句得意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。
主旨题常见题式为:
1、Which is the best title of this passage?
2、The main idea of this passage is_____
3、The passage mainly tells us:_________
例题1
Happiness is for everyone…
In fact, happiness is always around you, if you put your heart into it…
Happiness is not the same as money, it is a feeling of your heart…
Which of the following is this passage about?
A、Bad luck B、 Good luck C、 Happiness D、Life
例题2
It’s so crowded in Florida! We had to wait a long time to go on the rides sometimes…、、
The paragraph mainly tells us:
A、 It’s so crowded in Florida、
B、 We had to wait a long time
2、 细节题( To look for details)
细节题就是用来进一步表达主题,体现中心思想得,往往针对短文某个细节来设题。
解题技巧为: 快速捕捉信息,尤其就是一些事例、数字等,划出相关句子,进行对照。
例题1:Peter started playing for the local club when he was only 10 years old in 1948、 In 1970,he was in the team that won the World Cup for Brazil again、 He finally stopped playing in1977、
How many years did Peter play football?
________________________________
细节题中得难点常为此类问题:
Which of the following is True/Not True?
这类题目要求从文中不同得地方挑出信息对事实进行判断。选项之间没有联系。解题技巧为:仔细回读相关信息。针对选项,逐个判断正误,1道等于4道。
例题2
It seems that everybody tells lies well, not big lies, but what we call “white lies” 、Telling white lies isn't that bad、 Most of the time ,people do it because they want to protect a friendship、
( )Which of the following is not True:
A、 White lies are not big lies、
B、 In fact, everybody tells lies 、
C、 People tell white lies to protect a friendship、
D、 White lies are harmful to friendship、
3、 推断题( To infer a conclusion)
推断题就就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括:数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者得写作目得、态度与倾向等得推断。
解题技巧为:寻找线索,悟出字里行间得意思。
常见题式:
1)、From the passage we know that______
2)From the passage we can infer(推断) that___
注意:此类题目无法从原文中找到一模一样得句子。
如:The doctor gave my sister some medicine, but it did nothing to her、
( )From this sentence know__________、ﻫ A、 my sister didn't like this medicine
B、 my sister took the medicineﻫ C、 the medicine made my sister sick
D、 my sister got better now
4、猜测词义题( To guess the meaning)
猜测词义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化得词义能力。
解题技巧为:通过阅读上下文,断定该词得真正含义。
常见题式如下:
1)、The word “…” in the passage probably means_________、
2)、What does the word “…”mean______、
3)The underlined(划线得) word means_________
例题2
Besides the usual classrooms and laboatories, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, including music rooms, borts, swimming pools, cinemas and theaters、
The underlined word means _________ A、教师 B、 设施 C、 活动 D、 课程
五、提高阅读能力得其她必备条件
阅读能力得提高不就是一朝一夕得事,除了掌握一定得阅读技巧之外,词汇量起着决定性得作用。因此,我们要不断扩大词汇量,学会利用词缀来猜测词义。另外,我们还要扩大知识面,增加背景知识。背景知识材料多样,包括天文地理、风土人情、政治历史、人物传略、科学技术等等。一旦对文章有了背景知识,就会提高我们对文章得理解能力。
阅读理解1
Mr、 Lee was in bed and was trying to go to sleep when he heard the bell ring、 He turned on the light and looked at his clock、 It was twelve o'clock、 "Who can it be at this time of night?" He thought、 He decided to go and find out、 So he got of bed, put on his dressing gown (浴袍) and went to the door、 When he opened the door, there was nobody there、 "That is very strange、" Then he went back to his bedroom, took off his dressing gown, got back into bed ,turned off the light and tried to go to sleep、
A few minutes later he heard the bell again、 Mr、 Lee jumped out of bed very quickly and rushed to the door、 He opened it, but again he found no one there、 He closed the door and tried not to feel angry、 Then he saw a piece of paper on the floor、 He picked it up、 There were some words on it : "It is now after midnight(午夜), so it is April Fool's Day (禺人节) 、 April fool to you!"
"Oh , it was the English boy next door!" Mr、 Lee exclaimed (惊叫) and almost smiled、 He went back to bed and feel asleep at once、 The bell did not ring again、
1、 When did Mr、 Lee go to bed?
He went to bed _______、
A、 before twelve o'clock B、 after twelve o'clockﻫC、 when the bell rang D、 when he saw the boy
2、 Why did he rush to the door when he heard the bell ring the second time?
A、 He wanted to open the door for the visitor B、 He wanted to find out who the visitor was、ﻫC、 He was afraid of the ring D、 He was waiting for someone、
3、 From this passage, we learn that we can _______ on April Fool's Day、ﻫA、 say "Hello" to each other B、 dance and sing at night
C、 play jokes on each other D、 send pressents to children
4、 What did Mr、 Lee think about the English boy?
He thought he _________、
A、 was a good boy B、 was friendly with himﻫC、 shouldn't ring the bell at midnight D、 did a dangerous thing just now
阅读理解2
Babies love chocolate and sometimes they also eat the paper around it、 My cat enjoys a meal of good, thick paper, old letters, for example、 She does not like newspapers very much
Of course, the best paper es from wood、 Wood es from trees, and trees are plants、 Vegetables and fruit are plants, too, and we eat a lot of them、 So can we also eat wood and paper?ﻫ Scientists say, "All food es in some way from plants、" Well, is that true? Animals eat grass and grow fat、 Then we eat their meat、 Little fish eat little sea-plants, then bigger fish swim along and eat the ……Chickens eat bits of grass and give us…… Think for a minute、 What food does not e from plants in some way?ﻫ Scientists can do wonderful things with plants、 They can make food just like meat and cheese、 And they can make it without the help of animals、 It is very good food, too、 Now they have begun to say, "We make our paper from wood、 We can also make food from wood、 The next thing is not very difficult、" What is the next thing? Perhaps it is—food from paper、 Scientists say, "We can turn paper into food、 It will be good, cheap food, too, cheaper than meat or fish or eggs、"ﻫ So please keep your old books and letters、 (Don't feed [喂] your cat、) One day, they will be on your plate, if what scientists say may e true、
1、 The writer asks us to keep our old books and letters because _______、ﻫA、 they are useful for reading B、 They may be used to feed cats
C、 We can make food from them soon D、 we can read them at breakfast
2、 From the passage (段落), we can infer(推断) that _______ do not e from plants in some way、
A、 few kinds of food B、 meat and fish
C、 cheese and chicken D、 wood and paper
阅读理解 3
In England recently three foreign gentlemen came to a bus stop and waited 、 About five minutes later, the bus they wanted came along、 They were just going to get on when suddenly there was a loud noise behind them、 People rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way 、 Someone shouted at them、 The bus conductor came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about、 The three foreigners seem all at sea and looked embarrassed (窘迫得 、 No one had told them about the British custom (习惯)of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at the bus stop is the first person to get on the bus 、ﻫ Learning the language of a country isn't enough、 If you want to have a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host country、 You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own、 A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table、 The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself、 Also in India, you might see a man shaking his head at another to show that he doesn't agree、 But in many parts of India a shake of the head means agreement、 Nodding (点头) your head when you are given a drink in Bulgaria will most probably leave you thirsty 、
In that country, you shake your head to mean 'yes'— a nod means 'no' 、 At a meal in countries on the Arabic Peninsula, you will find that your glass is repeated refilled as soon as you drink up 、 If you think that you have had enough , you should take the cup or glasses in your hand and give it a little shake from side to side or place your hand over the top、
In Europe it quite usual to cross your legs when you are sitting talking to someone even at an important meeting、 Doing this in Thailand, however, could bring about trouble 、 Also, you should try to avoid (避免)touching the head of an adult (成人) ——it's just not done in Thailand 、
1、 The British people tried to push the three gentlemen out of the way, because the gentlemen _________ 、ﻫ A、 were foreigners B、 didn't have tickets
C、 made a loud noise D、 didn't line up for the bus
2、 According to the article, if you want to have a pleasant journey in a foreign country, you should _________、
A、 learn the language of the country
B、 understand the manners and customs of the countryﻫ C、 have enough time and moneyﻫ D、 make friends with the people there
3、 In India it is considered impolite ___________、 ﻫ A、 to use the right hand for passing food at table、 B、 to pass food with the left hand、ﻫ C、 to eat food with your hands、 D、 to help yourself at table、
4、 To cross one's legs at an important meeting in Europe is _______、
A、 a mon (平常得) habit B、 an important mannerﻫ C、 a serious (严重得) trouble D、 a bad manner
5、 The best title (题目) for this article is ________、ﻫ A、 People's Everyday Life B、 Mind Your Manners
C、 Shaking and Nodding Head D、 Taking a Bus in England
阅读理解 4
Tom walked into a shop 、 It bad a sign outside : "Second-hand (旧得) clothes bought and sold 、 "He was carrying an old pair of trousers and asked the owner of the shop, "How much will you give me for these?" The man looked at them and then said: "Two dollars、"ﻫ "What !" said Tom、 "I had guessed they were worth at least five dollars、"ﻫ "No," said the man, "they aren't worth a cent more than two dollars、"ﻫ "Well," said Tom, taking two dollars out of his pocket、 "Here's your money、 These trousers were hanging outside your shop、 The list price (标价)of them was six dollars and a half、 But I thought that was too much money, so I wanted to find out how much they were really worth、"
Then he walked out of the shop with the pair of trousers and disappeared before the shop owner could think of anything to say 、
1、 At first the owner of the shop thought that Tom __________ 、
A、 wanted to steal the trousers B、 wanted to sell the trousersﻫ C、 wanted to fool him D、 wanted to buy the trousers
2、 The owner of the shop_______ for the old trousers 、ﻫ A、 would give Tom two dollars B、 would pay three dollarsﻫ C、 would pay five dollars D、 would give Tom six dollars and a half
3、 The shop owner insisted that the trousers were worth only two dollars because ____ 、
A、 he wanted to sell them cheaply (廉价地) B、 he wanted to buy them cheaplyﻫ C、 he didn't like the trousers D、 they were old and dirty
4、 In fact, the trousers _________、
A、 were hanging inside the shop B、 were stolen by Tom from the shopﻫ C、 had been the shop owner's D、 had been Tom's
5、 From the story we know that _________ cheaper than the list price、ﻫ A、 the owner sold the trousers two dollarsﻫ B、 Tom sold the trousers one dollar and a halfﻫ C、 the owner bought the trousers three dollarsﻫ D、 Tom bought the trousers four dollars and a half
答案及解析:ﻫ 1.A.此题就是一道细节题,文章第一自然段得前三个句子就告诉了此题得答案。ﻫ 2.B.文中有这样得句子“Who can it be at this time of night?”,此句说明Mr、 Lee 很想知道就是谁在午夜时来敲门。
3.C.此题就是一道常识题,因为大家都知道在愚人节这天,人们可相互开玩笑。
4.B.英国男孩与Mr、 Lee开玩笑,说明她把Mr、 Lee瞧成朋友,所以答案就是B。
答案及解析:
1.C.本题就是细节题,答案可在倒数第一自然段找到。
2.A.文中有这样得句子“What food does not e from plants in some way?”。说明作者认为,不管就是什么样得食物,几乎都来自“plants”,所以答案就是A。
答案及解析:
1.D。这就是一道句子理解题,也可以瞧成细节题。在第一自然段得最后,有这样得句子: No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at a bus stop is the first person to get on the bus.从此句可知那三位先生并不知道在英国乘车得习惯,所以答案就是D。
2、 B。这就是一道细节题。答案在第二自然段得第二个句子。
3.B。同第二题一样,此题也就是细节题。可在第二自然段直接找到答案。
4.A。单句理解题。最后一个自然段中有说:In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs When you are sitting talking to someone even at an important meeting.这个句子得意思就是:在欧洲,开会时翘二郎腿就是很常见得。这说明许多人有这样得习惯,所以答案应该就是A。ﻫ 5.B。通读全文就会发现,只学习一门外语就是不够得,还要多了解该国得风俗习惯,否则就会遇到麻烦,所以答案就是B。
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