资源描述
1. 元宵节: Lantern Festival
2. 刺绣:embroidery
3. 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival
4. 清明节:Tomb sweeping day
5. 剪纸:Paper Cutting
6. 书法:Calligraphy
7. 对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets
8. 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters
9. 人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow
10. 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle
11. 战国:Warring States
12. 风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen
13. 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl
14. 函授部:The Correspondence Department
15. 集体舞:Group Dance
16. 黄土高原:Loess Plateau
17. 红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals
18. 中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day
19. 结婚证:Marriage Certificate
20. 儒家文化:Confucian Culture
21. 附属学校:Affiliated school
22. 古装片:Costume Drama
23. 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie
24. 元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)
25. 一国两制:One Country, Two Systems
26. 火锅:Hot Pot
27. 四人帮:Gang of Four
28. 《诗经》:The Book of Songs
29. 素质教育:Essential-qualities-oriented Education
30. 《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian
31. 大跃进:Great Leap Forward (Movement)
32. 《西游记》:The Journey to the West
33. 除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival
34. 针灸:Acupuncture
35. 唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery
36. 中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics
37. 偏旁:radical
38. 孟子:Mencius
39. 亭/阁: Pavilion/ Attic
40. 大中型国有企业:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises
41. 火药:gunpowder
42. 农历:Lunar Calendar
43. 印/玺:Seal/Stamp
44. 物质精神文明建设:The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization
45. 京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera
46. 秦腔:Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera
47. 太极拳:Tai Chi
48. 独生子女证:The Certificate of One-child
49. 天坛:Altar of Heaven in Beijing
50. 小吃摊:Snack Bar/Snack Stand
51. 红双喜:Double Happiness
52. 政治辅导员:Political Counselor/School Counselor
53. 春卷:Spring Roll(s)
54. 莲藕:Lotus Root
55. 追星族:Star Struck
56. 故宫博物院:The Palace Museum
57. 相声:Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue
58. 下岗:Lay off/Laid off
59. 北京烤鸭:Beijing Roast Duck
60. 高等自学考试:Self-taught Examination of Higher Education
61. 烟花爆竹:fireworks and firecracker
62. 敦煌莫高窟:Mogao Caves
63. 电视小品:TV Sketch/TV Skit
64. 香港澳门同胞:Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao
65. 文化大革命:Cultural Revolution
66. 长江中下游地区:The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River
67. 门当户对:Perfect Match/Exact Match
68. 《水浒》:Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh
69. 中外合资企业:Joint Ventures
70. 文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):"The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"
71.兵马俑:cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army
72.旗袍:cheongsam
要了解中国文化,就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。中国地方戏种类很多,其中京剧是一个具有代表性的剧种。作为一个独立的剧种,京剧的诞生大约是在1840年至l860 。京剧是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础上形成的。京剧有明确的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音乐上以胡琴为主要伴奏乐器。由于京剧是在融合各种地方戏之精华的基础上形成的,所以它不仅为北京的观众所钟爱,也受到全国人民的喜爱。
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,人口约占世界总人口的22%。在过去相当长的时期里,由于诸多原因,贫困一直困扰着中国。20世纪80年代中期,中国农村绝大多数地区凭借自身的发展优势,经济得到快速增长,但少数地区由于经济、社会、历史、自然等方面的制约,发展相对滞后。中国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发展的进程中,在全国范围内实施了以解决贫困人口温饱问题为主要目标的有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开发,极大地缓解了贫困现象。
中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日,在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival),即从农历(lunlar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异,但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚,一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运,家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets),对联的主题为健康、发财和好运、其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。
北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅 是平民百姓的生活环境,而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常,胡同内有一个大杂院,房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以,胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今,随着社会和经济的飞速发展,很多胡同被新的高楼大 厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。
In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.
中欧经济贸易合作取得了可喜的成果。欧盟巳经成为中国的重要经贸伙伴,是中国最大的技术供应方、 第三大贸易伙伴和第五大实际投资方。2001年,中欧贸易达到766亿美元,比上一年增长11%,尤其是中国从 欧盟的进口增长了 15.8%。我非常赞赏欧中贸协(Europe-China Business Association)与比中经贸理事会 (Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council)为发展中欧关系所做出的努力。中欧经济贸易合作具有广 阔的前景。中欧经济具有很强的互补性,在贸易、投资、科技等领域具有很大的合作潜力。
China-EU economic and trade cooperation has yielded heartening fruits. The EU has now become an important economic and trade partner of China, working as the largest technology supplier, the third largest trading partner and the fifth largest actual investor in China. Bilateral trade reached 76.6 billion dollars in 2001, achieving an 11% increase compared to the previous year. In particular, China’s imports from the EU grew by 15.8%. I highly appreciate the efforts by the Europe-China Business Association and the Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council for developing China-EU ties. China-EU trade and economic cooperation is endowed with a promising future. The two economies are strongly complimentary to each other and hence enjoy huge potential for cooperation in trade, investment, science and technology areas
中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化不可分割的一部分,为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贡献。如今, 中医和西医(western medicine)在中国的医疗保健领域并驾齐驱。中医以其独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式 和丰富的典籍材料,备受世界瞩目。中国的中医事业由国家中医药管理局(State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology)负责。现在国家巳经出台了管理中医的政策、法令和法规,引导并促进这个新兴产业的研究和 开发。在定义上,中医是指导中国传统医药理论和实践的一种医学,它包括中医疗法、中草药(herbalogy)、针 灸(acupuncture )、推拿(massage)和气功(Qigong)。
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an integral part of Chinese culture. It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. Today both TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China. TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic approach, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international community. In China, TCM is under the administration of State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology. National strategies, laws and regulations governing TCM are now in place to guide and promote the research and development in this promising industry. TCM is defined as a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. It includes Chinese medication, herbalogy, acupuncture, massage and Qigong.
难点精析:
1.不可分割的一部分:可译为an integral part。
2.为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贲献:可译为has made great contributions to the prosperity of China,其中“华夏”: 即“中国”或“中华”,可直接译为China; “振兴”此处翻译成了名词形式prosperity,还可译为revitalization;“做出了 巨大的贡献”可译为 has made great contributions。
3.并驾齐驱:此处指两者(中医和西医)都得以应用,可简单地翻译为both are being used。
4.独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式和丰富的典籍材料:三个并列的名词短语,可分别译为unique : I diagnostic methods, systematic approach和abundant historical literature and materials; “典籍材料”可理解为历史文献资料,翻译为historical literature and materials。
5.引导并促进这一新兴产业的研究和开发:“引导”译为guide; “促进”可译为promote,还可译为facilitate或further; “新兴产业,,可译为promising industry,还可译为new industry或emerging industry。
6.中医疗法:译为Chinese medication。
关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。一个是唐朝的神话故事,说的是当时地球被10个太阳包围着。有一天10个太阳同时出现在天空中,巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9个太阳,地球才被保住。为了奖励后羿,王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药,但是王母警告他必须正当使用。然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告,他被名利冲昏了头脑,变成了一个暴君。后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观,于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药,飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥,这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。
参考翻译及详解:
关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。
There are two legends which claim to explain the tradition of eating mooncakes.
我们在翻译“关于......”的时候,最常用的就是about,而本句翻译用了which引导定语从句claim to explain......,换一种表达方式,可以让句式更新颖。大家可以记住这个用法哦。
一个是唐朝的神话故事,说的是当时地球被10个太阳包围着。
One Tang Dynasty myth holds that the Earth once had 10 suns circling it.
hold在这里用的很地道,汉语的两个半句,翻译成英文,用一个that就给衔接上了,可见翻译时,不必拘泥于原汉语句子的结构,如果自己能把意思表达很到位,而且句式很清晰,就可以尝试。
注意“被包围”本句中的翻译用了had 10 suns circling it。
有一天10个太阳同时出现在天空中,巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。
One day all 10 suns appeared at once, scorching the planet with their heat.
“有一天”翻译为one day,其实并没有什么奇特之处。
“同时出现”appeared at once,这个at once还可以表示“同时”,大家切记哦。
其实汉语的两个半句,翻译过来可以用两个完整的英语句子来表示,但这里的翻译退而求其次,用了现在分词scorching引导的伴随状语,表示一种结果,不失为很好的翻译方式哈。
多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9个太阳,地球才被保住。
It was thanks to a skillful archer named Hou Yi that the Earth was saved. He shot down all but one of the suns.
注意“多亏”的翻译是It was thanks to。这的翻译大家看下英语的后半句,汉语里有“9”这个数字,但翻译过来,却只有一个数字one,但表示的意思却相同-剩下了一个太阳。翻译有时候就是这么奇特,没有特定的标准。
为了奖励后羿,王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药,但是王母警告他必须正当使用。
As his reward, the Heavenly Queen Mother gave Hou Yi the Elixir of Immortality, but she warned him that he must use it wisely.
本句翻译很简单,中英翻译比较平衡。注意几个专有名词。
“王母娘娘” the Heavenly Queen Mother
“长生不老药”Elixir of Immortality
use sth wisely:正当使用某物
然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告,他被名利冲昏了头脑,变成了一个暴君。
Hou Yi ignored her advice and, corrupted by fame and fortune, became a tyrannical leader.
翻译这个句子时,首先要考虑到用何种句式,能够使自己的翻译看起来清晰明了而不繁琐。这里用了and,连接两个动词过去式引导的分句。
没有理会也就是忽视,ignore。
名利:fame and fortune
暴君: a tyrannical leader
后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观,于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药,飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。
Chang-Er, his beautiful wife, could no longer stand by and watch him abuse his power so she stole his Elixir and fled to the moon to escape his angry wrath.
本句翻译中用了两个and,来衔接句意,英语就是这么注重前后的衔接。
袖手旁观:stand by
从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥,这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。
And thus began the legend of the beautiful woman in the moon, the Moon Fairy.
and thus began这个句首大家可以多用用。
和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪,人类经历了两次世界大战,生灵涂炭, 经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来,世界经济能够快速增长,主要 得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则,充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商,以和平方式解决国际争端。
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员,以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全,做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办,坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作,推进国际关系民主化。
译文:
和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪,人类经历了两次世界大战,生灵涂炭, 经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来,世界经济能够快速增长,主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.
“和平稳定”固定说法:peace and stability
"得益于"用了句型 it is due to...
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则,充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商,以和平方式解决国际争端。
We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.
“宗旨和原则”固定说法:the purposes and principles
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员,以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全,做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办,坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作,推进国际关系民主化。
All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.
“国际社会”固定说法:international community
近代以来,亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运,始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天,人们所看到的亚洲发展成就,是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。
亚洲人民深知,世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式,也没有一成不变的发展道路,亚洲人民勇于变革创新,不断开拓进取,探索和开辟适应时代潮流,符合自身实际的发展道路,为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。
参考翻译及详解:
In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development. To change their destiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle. Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people.
The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable. They never shy away from reform and innovation. Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development
展开阅读全文