香港-简介-中英文.doc

早在一百五十多年前，香港被形容为“荒芜之地”。时至今日，香港已发展成为一个国际金融商贸中心，跻身世界大都会之列。香港除了拥有世界上最优良的深水港外，可说是没有其他天然资源。香港能成为一个生产力强、创意无尽的城市，关键在于拥有勤奋不懈、适应力强、教育程度高且富创业精神的工作人口。香港的工作人口约358万。香港受英国管治个半世纪后，在1997年7月1日成为中华人民共和国的特别行政区。根据《基本法》，香港保留现有的经济、法律和社会制度，50年不变。除防务和外交事务归中央人民政府管理外，香港特别行政区享有高度自治。
香港位于中国东南端，是发展日渐迅速的东亚地区的枢纽，地理条件优越。香港总面积达1104平方公里，由香港岛、一海之隔的九龙半岛和新界(包括262个离岛)组成，其中郊区多集中在新界。
2005年年中，香港人口约694万，人口密度为每平方公里6420人。居于香港的外籍人士数目相当多，共有约517560人，人数最多的国籍首三位如下：菲律宾(130810)、印尼(114020)和泰国(28360)。
气候
香港属亚热带气候区，但差不多有半年时间带有温带气候性质。冬季的温度可能跌至摄氏10度以下，夏季则回升至摄氏31 度以上。雨量集中在4月至9月间，约占全年雨量的90%。
主要国际贸易中心
香港是全球第十一大贸易经济体系、第六大外汇市场及第十五大银行中心。香港股票市场规模之大，在亚洲排名第二。香港也是成衣、钟表、玩具、游戏、电子和某些轻工业产品的主要出口地，出口总值位列全球高位。
全球服务中心
在2005年，香港是全球第十一大服务出口地。与服务贸易有关的主要行业包括旅游和旅游业、与贸易相关的服务、运输服务、金融和银行服务及专业服务。
跨国公司的业务基地
约3900家国际企业选择在香港设立亚洲区总部或办事处，主要从事的业务包括批发零售和进口与出口贸易、其他商用服务(例如会计、广告和法律服务)、银行和金融、制造业、运输及相关服务。
自由贸易与自由市场
香港提倡兼奉行自由贸易——香港设有自由开放的投资制度；不设贸易屏障；对海外投资者一视同仁；资金自由流动；法治体制历史悠久；规章条文透明度高；以及税率低而明确。
以精简架构为本的小政府
香港拥有一个架构精简而效率高超的政府。公司及个人课税率低，而且易于计算。香港特别行政区政府素以效率出众、透明度高兼处事公正见称。
在工商业方面，香港特别行政区政府奉行确立已久的“尽量扶助、减少干预”政策，乐于支持工商业发展。
法治
香港的法律制度深可信赖。这个制度以普通法为根基，历史悠久。香港市民和居港人士得享的权利与自由，建基于大公无私的法治体制、独立的司法制度、完善的法援制度，以及自由开放和发展蓬勃的新闻传播媒介。
机场
香港是主要的国际和区域航空中心。香港国际机场是世界上最繁忙的机场之一。全球各大航空公司都有航班飞往香港。现时，每周有大约4900 班定期客运航班及700班货运航班从香港飞往全球139个城市。

Hong Kong, described as a 'barren rock' over 150 years ago, has become a world-class financial, trading and business centre and, indeed, a great world city.

Hong Kong has no natural resources, except one of the finest deep-water ports in the world. A hardworking, adaptable and well-educated workforce of about 3.5 million, coupled with entrepreneurial flair, is the bedrock of Hong Kong's productivity and creativity.

Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China on July 1, 1997, after a century and a half of British administration. Under Hong Kong's constitutional document, the Basic Law, the existing economic, legal and social system will be maintained for 50 years. The SAR enjoys a high degree of autonomy except in defence and foreign affairs.

Location
Situated at the southeastern tip of China, Hong Kong is ideally positioned at the centre of rapidly developing East Asia. With a total area of 1 103 square kilometres, it covers Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon peninsula just opposite, and the New Territories the more rural section of Hong Kong, which also includes 262 outlying islands. [ HKSAR Map ] [ Hong Kong in its Regional Setting ]

Population
Hong Kong's population was about 6.8 million at the end of 2003. The population density is 6 300 people per square kilometre. Hong Kong has a large foreign population of about 523 880. The top three nationalities come from the Philippines (132 770), Indonesia (95 460) and the USA (31 330).

Language
Chinese and English are the official languages. English is widely used in the Government, the legal system and by the professional and business sectors. There is no shortage of well-educated competent bilingual or even trilingual professionals who speak English, Cantonese and Putonghua. These are vital staff for any enterprise trading in Hong Kong or doing business with the Mainland and Taiwan.

Climate
Hong Kong's climate is sub-tropical, tending towards the temperate for nearly half the year. Temperatures can drop below 10 degrees Celsius in winter and exceed 31 degrees Celsius in summer. About 90 per cent of the rainfall occurs between April and September. [ Hong Kong Ovservatory ]

Major International Trading Centre
Hong Kong is the world's 11th largest trading economy, the world's 6th largest foreign exchange market, the world's 12th largest banking centre, and Asia's 2nd biggest stock market. Hong Kong is one of the world's top exporters of garments, watches and clocks, toys, games, electronic products and certain light industrial products.

Global Services Centre
Hong Kong was the world's 10th largest exporter of services in 2003. Civil aviation, shipping, travel and tourism, trade-related services, and various financial and banking services are the main components of trade in services. The prices of many services are among the lowest in the world.

International Corporate Base
More than 3 200 international corporations have established regional headquarters or offices in Hong Kong. The major types of business carried on by the regional headquarters include the wholesale/retail and import/export trades, other business services (e.g. accounting, advertising and legal services), finance and banking, manufacturing and transport and related services.

Free Trade and Free Market
Hong Kong advocates and practises free trade — a free and liberal investment regime, the absence of trade barriers, no discrimination against overseas investors, freedom of capital movement, well established rule of law, transparent regulations, and low and predictable taxation.

Small Government
Hong Kong has a small and efficient government structure. Corporate and personal taxes are quite low, and simple to calculate. The HKSAR Government is well known for its efficiency, transparency and fairness. It is ready to lend a helping hand to business people and companies, under a long-established philosophy of 'maximum help and minimum interference' for business.

Monetary System
The objective of Hong Kong's monetary policy is to maintain currency stability. Given the highly
externally oriented nature of the economy, this objective is further defined as a stable external value for the Hong Kong dollar in terms of a linked exchange rate against the US dollar at the rate of $7.80 to US$1. This objective is achieved through the linked exchange rate system introduced in October 1983.

The Rule of Law
Hong Kong has a well established and trusted legal system based on the common law. The rights and freedoms of Hong Kong people and those living here are founded upon the impartial rule of law, an independent judiciary, a comprehensive system of legal aid, and a free and active press. [ Judiciary ]

Airport
Hong Kong is a major international and regional aviation centre. Hong Kong International Airport, one of the busiest in the world, is served by major international airlines, which provide about 3 900 scheduled passenger services and 615 freight services weekly from Hong Kong to some 130 cities world-wide. When fully developed the airport will be able to handle up to 87 million passengers and 9 million tonnes of cargo a year. Hong Kong International Airport was named as the world's best airport for the lastest five consecutive years in a survey conducted by British-based research company Skytrax Research.

Port
In 2003, Hong Kong handled 20 million TEUs (20-foot equivalent units) of containers, making it the world's busiest container port. The eight container terminals at Kwai Chung have 18 berths totalling about 6 000 metres of frontage with more than 200 hectares of terminal area. Up to 18 'third generation' container ships can be accommodated at these berths. During 2003, some 35 790 ocean-going vessels and about 182 270 river trade vessels called at Hong Kong. These vessels handled some 207.6 million tonnes of cargo and 18.6 million international passengers.

To meet growing demand, Hong Kong is now building a new container terminal. Container Terminal 9 will have six berths with a design capacity to handle at least 2.6 million TEUs of containers a year and will be fully completed by the end of 2004. top

Described as a 'barren rock' 150 years ago, Hong Kong has since grown into a world-class financial, trading and business centre.
It is the world's 9th largest trading economy.
Hong Kong advocates and practises free trade.
Its economy is nurtured by a government policy of maximum support and minimum intervention.
Hong Kong is used by multinational companies as a regional base to manage their businesses in the Asia Pacific. This is reflected in Hong Kong's trade with the region, which grew at an average annual rate of 16% since 1980 and reached US$ 233 billion in 1999.
Its taxes are low and simple.
Hong Kong has a trusted legal system and an independent judiciary, which ensures that the rule of law is upheld and that no one is above the law.
Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997, after a century and a half of British administration.
Under Hong Kong's constitutional document the Basic Law, the existing economic, legal and social systems will be maintained for at least 50 years after 1997.
Situated at the south-eastern tip of China, Hong Kong is ideally positioned at the centre of East Asia, one of the world's most dynamic regions.
With a total area of 1 100 square kilometres, it covers Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon peninsula and the New Territories, including 235 outlying islands.
Hong Kong has no natural resources, except a deep-water harbour and an industrious population.
A hardworking, flexible and well-educated workforce of 3.4 million, coupled with entrepreneurial flair, is the bedrock of Hong Kong's productivity and creativity.