SAP模块化技术与异常处理.doc

模块化技术与异常处理
模块化：
a) 好处有三：
i. 使程序更加的清晰，易读，易于维护。
ii. 实现代码的复用。
iii. 实现数据封装，数据或功能仅通过接口与模块外部发生联系，这也相应地增加了程序的可读写和可维护性。
b) 分类：
i. 子程序
ii. 功能模块

子程序：
子程序的定义方式:
Form (子程序名) [ using 参数名 type 类型]
Form (子程序名) [ using 参数名]
Form (子程序名) [ using 参数名 changing 参数名]
…………
<subr codes>
…………
Endform.
在调用此form时，调用的方式为：
Perform 子程序名.
注意：
当定义的子程序有输入和输出参数的时候。一定要保持调用时传入的参数和在定义子程序的参数的类型要一致。

功能模块：
功能模块建立的方法与过程：
1. 进入功能函数的界面（t-code: se37 或者 se80 一下以se80为准）
2. 先将建立的类型选择为一个函数组：

3. 如果在以有的函数组下建立function group的话。直接输入所要建立的函数组名或者是已有的名字。

输入短文本，保存到本地对象。保存以后直接active本函数组。
错误提示：
REPORT/PROGRAM statement missing, or program type is I (INCLUDE).
如果出现此错误。那么函数组肯定是没有active,进入se80对函数组active一下。就可以了。

4. 进入se37建立function group。

输入已有的函数组。保存到本地对象。
5. 进行对function group 的import 、export、changing 、tablelen进行设置。最后进入source code标签进行对此function group 进行代码的编辑。

6. 编码结束，active后执行程序进行调试。
7. 在se38程序中调用此function group 时的方式为：
CALL FUNCTION 'Z_SAP4_TEST_YY'
  EXPORTING
    INPUT_1        =
    INPUT_2        =
* IMPORTING
*   OUTPUT_1       =

变量的生存周期：
在程序中可以定义全局变量和局部变量。当全局变量和局部变量同名时，局部变量起作用，而全局变量的值不改变。还有一点就是如果当调用一个form并且传入其参数时，而form中对其值进行修改，那么在另一个form中调用全局变量时，其值不变。也就是说，在form中对全局变量进行修改以后，其修改的值值存在于此form中。
还可以建立静态变量，建立的方式为：
Static 变量名 type 类型。
在程序中建立一个静态变量以后。无论时在程序中任何一个位置对其进行修改，那么其值会直接更新为修改以后的值。

代码的复用：
代码的复用可以大量的降低程序的耦合度，也可以让程序更加的清晰，易于维护，在开发的代码量也会相应的减少。
主要使用的方式有include程序、宏程序、function group等方式。主要说一下宏程序。

宏程序的建立方式：
Define <宏的名字>.
<statements>
End-of-definition.

在一个宏中可以调用多个宏，方式为。
Define <宏名字>
<statements>.
<调用宏的名字> <并给他所需要的占位符的个数>
End-of-definition.

Define <之前调用的宏名字>
<statements>.
End-of-definition.
注意：在一个宏中最多可以定义9个占位符。而占位符的方式是&1,&2……&9.
不可以递归调用，可以调用其他宏。

异常处理：
1. 静态异常
这种异常引起的原因基本上是语法的错误，因此比较容易更改。
2. 运行时异常
运行时异常的捕获与处理：
将需要处理异常的语句块放在,非类异常如下：
Catch system-exceptions 非类异常的名字 = 数字.

Endcatch.

if sy-subrc = 数字.
进行异常处理.
Endif.

类的异常：
data MYREF type ref to CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_ERROR. “定义一个异常类的对象
data ERR_TEXT type STRING. 
data RESULT type I. 
try. 
    RESULT = 1 / 0. 
  catch cx_sy_arithmetic_error into MYREF. 
    ERR_TEXT = MYREF->GET_TEXT( ). 
endtry. 
类异常的异常类型与名字和从属的关系：
(Associated superclass: CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_ERROR)
BCD_ZERODIVIDE
CX_SY_ZERODIVIDE
COMPUTE_FLOAT_ZERODIVIDE
CX_SY_ZERODIVIDE
COMPUTE_INT_ZERODIVIDE
CX_SY_ZERODIVIDE
ADDF_INT_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
BCD_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_BCD_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_COSH_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_EXP_RANGE
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_FLOAT_DIV_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_FLOAT_MINUS_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_FLOAT_PLUS_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_FLOAT_TIMES_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_ABS_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_DIV_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_MINUS_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_PLUS_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_TIMES_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_LOG10_ERROR
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW, CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_LOG_ERROR
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW, CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_MATH_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_POW_RANGE
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_SINH_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_ACOS_DOMAIN
CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_ASIN_DOMAIN
CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_ATAN_DOMAIN
CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_COSH_DOMAIN
CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_COS_DOMAIN
CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_EXP_DOMAIN
CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_MATH_DOMAIN
CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_POW_DOMAIN
CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_SINH_DOMAIN
CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_SIN_DOMAIN
CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_SQRT_DOMAIN
CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_TANH_DOMAIN
CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_COS_LOSS
CX_SY_PRECISION_LOSS
COMPUTE_MATH_LOSS
CX_SY_PRECISION_LOSS
COMPUTE_SIN_LOSS
CX_SY_PRECISION_LOSS
COMPUTE_TAN_LOSS
CX_SY_PRECISION_LOSS
BCD_FIELD_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_CONVERSION_OVERFLOW

Exception group: CONVERSION_ERRORS
(Associated superclass: CX_SY_CONVERSION_ERROR)
BCD_FIELD_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_CONVERSION_OVERFLOW
CONVT_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_CONVERSION_OVERFLOW
CONVT_CODEPAGE
CX_SY_CONVERSION_CODEPAGE
CONVT_NO_NUMBER
CX_SY_CONVERSION_NO_NUMBER
BCD_OVERFLOW
CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW

Exception group: CREATE_DATA_ERRORS
(Associated superclass: CX_SY_CREATE_ERROR)
This group contains runtime errors that may occur during the creation of data objects.
CREATE_DATA_UNKNOWN_TYPE
CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR
CREATE_DATA_NOT_ALLOWED_TYPE
CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR
CREATE_DATA_LEN_NOT_ALLOWED
CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR
CREATE_DATA_ILLEGAL_LENGTH
CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR
CREATE_DATA_ILLEGAL_DECIMALS
CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR
CREATE_DATA_ILLEGAL_INIT_SIZE
CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR

Exception group: CREATE_OBJECT_ERRORS
(Associated superclass: CX_SY_CREATE_ERROR)
This group contains runtime errors that may occur during the creation of objects.
CREATE_OBJECT_CLASS_NOT_FOUND
CX_SY_CREATE_OBJECT_ERROR
CREATE_OBJECT_CLASS_ABSTRACT
CX_SY_CREATE_OBJECT_ERROR
CREATE_OBJECT_CREATE_PRIVATE
CX_SY_CREATE_OBJECT_ERROR
CREATE_OBJECT_CREATE_PROTECTED
CX_SY_CREATE_OBJECT_ERROR

Exception group: DATA_ACCESS_ERRORS
(Associated superclass: CX_SY_DATA_ACCESS_ERROR)
This group contains runtime errors that may occur during subfield access (with offset/length) to data objects.
DATA_OFFSET_NEGATIVE
CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
DATA_LENGTH_NEGATIVE
CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
DATA_LENGTH_0
CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
DATA_LENGTH_TOO_LARGE
CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
DATA_OFFSET_LENGTH_TOO_LARGE
CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
REFI_WRONG_SECTION
CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
STRING_OFFSET_NEGATIVE
CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
STRING_OFFSET_TOO_LARGE
CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
STRING_LENGTH_NEGATIVE
CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
STRING_LENGTH_TOO_LARGE
CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
STRING_OFFSET_LENGTH_TOO_LARGE
CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
DATA_OFFSET_LENGTH_NOT_ALLOWED
CX_SY_OFFSET_NOT_ALLOWED

Since a subfield access can occur in almost all statements, no keywords can be assigned.
Exception group: DYNAMIC_CALL_METHOD_ERRORS
(Associated superclass: CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ERROR)
This group contains runtime errors that may occur during a dynamic method call. These are normally errors that trigger a syntax error if the call is static.
DYN_CALL_METH_CLASS_ABSTRACT
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_CLASS
DYN_CALL_METH_CLASS_NOT_FOUND
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_CLASS
DYN_CALL_METH_CLASSCONSTRUCTOR
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_CONSTRUCTOR
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_NOT_FOUND
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_NO_CLASS_METHOD
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_PRIVATE
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_PROTECTED
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_EXCP_NOT_FOUND
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_EXCP_NOT_FOUND
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_KIND
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_TYPE
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_LITL_MOVE
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_TYPE
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_TAB_TYPE
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_TYPE
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_TYPE
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_TYPE
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_MISSING
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_PARAM_MISSING
DYN_CALL_METH_PARREF_INITIAL
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_PARAM_MISSING
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_NOT_FOUND
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_PARAM_NOT_FOUND
DYN_CALL_METH_REF_IS_INITIAL
CX_SY_REF_IS_INITIAL

The following keywords are assigned to this exception group:
CALL METHOD
Exception group: FILE_ACCESS_ERRORS
(Associated superclass: CX_SY_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR)
This group contains runtime errors that may occur during file access. Typical examples are if the system cannot find the file, if no more space is available to write or create the file, or if the authorization to access the file is missing.
DATASET_CANT_CLOSE
CX_SY_FILE_CLOSE
DATASET_CANT_OPEN
CX_SY_FILE_OPEN
EXPORT_DATASET_CANNOT_OPEN
CX_SY_FILE_OPEN
DATASET_WRITE_ERROR
CX_SY_FILE_IO
DATASET_READ_ERROR
CX_SY_FILE_IO
EXPORT_DATASET_WRITE_ERROR
CX_SY_FILE_IO
DATASET_SEEK_ERROR
CX_SY_FILE_POSITION
DATASET_NO_POSITION
CX_SY_FILE_POSITION
DATASET_READ_ONLY
CX_SY_FILE_OPEN_MODE
DATASET_NOT_OPEN
CX_SY_FILE_OPEN_MODE
OPEN_DATASET_NO_AUTHORITY
CX_SY_FILE_AUTHORITY
OPEN_PIPE_NO_AUTHORITY
CX_SY_FILE_AUTHORITY
DATASET_TOO_MANY_FILES
CX_SY_TOO_MANY_FILES
DATASET_NO_PIPE
CX_SY_PIPES_NOT_SUPPORTED

Exception group: IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERRORS
(Common class: CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR)
This group contains runtime errors that may occur during the import of data
· from the ABAP memory,
· from the database,
· from the SHARED BUFFER, or
· from a file
if the type or the length of the data stored is not identical with that of the target type.
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_COMP_DECS
CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_COMP_LENG
CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_COMP_TYPE
CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_FIELD_DECS
CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_FIELD_LENG
CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_FIELD_TYPE
CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE
CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_STRUCTURE
CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
IMPORT_ALIGNMENT_MISMATCH
CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
IMPORT_WRONG_END_POS
CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR

Exception group: LOCALIZATION_ERRORS
(Common class: CX_SY_LOCALIZATION_ERROR)
This group contains runtime errors that may occur when you switch to another text environment. Typical examples are if the required language is not allowed or if the system wants to switch to a character set which has not been released.
TEXTENV_CODEPAGE_NOT_ALLOWED
CX_SY_LOCALIZATION_ERROR
TEXTENV_INVALID
CX_SY_LOCALIZATION_ERROR
TEXTENV_KEY_INVALID
CX_SY_LOCALIZATION_ERROR

Exception group: REMOTE_CALL_ERRORS
(Associated superclass: CX_SY_REMOTE_CALL_ERROR)
This group contains runtime errors that may occur during calls in remote systems (currently only CALL METHOD). Typical examples are network errors or the unexpected termination of the connection.
RMC_COMMUNICATION_FAILURE
CX_SY_RMC_COMM_FAILURE
RMC_INVALID_STATUS
CX_SY_RMC_INVALID_STATUS
RMC_SYSTEM_FAILURE
CX_SY_RMC_SYSTEM_FAILURE

CALL METHOD
Not assigned to an exception group:
ASSIGN_CASTING_ILLEGAL_CAST
CX_SY_ASSIGN_CAST_ILLEGAL_CAST
ASSIGN_CASTING_UNKNOWN_TYPE
CX_SY_ASSIGN_CAST_UNKNOWN_TYPE
ASSIGN_FIELD_NOT_IN_RANGE
CX_SY_ASSIGN_OUT_OF_RANGE
DATASET_OFFSET_TOO_LARGE
CX_SY_FILE_POSITION
DYN_CALL_METH_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
EXPORT_BUFFER_NO_MEMORY
CX_SY_EXPORT_BUFFER_NO_MEMORY
GENERATE_SUBPOOL_DIR_FULL
CX_SY_GENERATE_SUBPOOL_FULL
MOVE_CAST_ERROR
CX_SY_MOVE_CAST_ERROR
PERFORM_PROGRAM_NAME_TOO_LONG
CX_SY_PROGRAM_NOT_FOUND
REPLACE_INFINITE_LOOP
CX_SY_REPLACE_INFINITE_LOOP

 6、类异常类树
CX_SY_ROOT
  |
  |--CX_STATIC_CHECK
  |
  |--CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_ERROR
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_ZERODIVIDE
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_PRECISION_LOSS
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_ASSIGN_ERROR
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_ASSIGN_CAST_ERROR
  |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |--CX_SY_ASSIGN_CAST_ILLEGAL_CAST
  |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |--CX_SY_ASSIGN_CAST_UNKNOWN_TYPE
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_ASSIGN_OUT_OF_RANGE
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_CODEPAGE_CONVERTER_INIT
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_CONVERSION_ERROR
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_CONVERSION_OVERFLOW
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_CONVERSION_NO_NUMBER
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_CONVERSION_CODEPAGE
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_CONVERSION_BASE64
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_CONV_ILLEGAL_DATE_TIME
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_CREATE_ERROR
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_CREATE_OBJECT_ERROR
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_DATA_ACCESS_ERROR
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_OFFSET_NOT_ALLOWED
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ERROR
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_CLASS
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_FUNC
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_DYN_CALL_PARAMETER_ERROR
  |    |         |
  |    |         |--CX_SY_DYN_CALL_EXCP_NOT_FOUND
  |    |         |
  |    |         |--CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_TYPE
  |    |         |
  |    |         |--CX_SY_DYN_CALL_PARAM_MISSING
  |    |         |
  |    |         |--CX_SY_DYN_CALL_PARAM_NOT_FOUND
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_FILE_AUTHORITY
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_FILE_CLOSE
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_FILE_IO
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_FILE_POSITION
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_FILE_OPEN_MODE
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_FILE_OPEN
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_GEN_SOURCE_TOO_WIDE
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_MOVE_CAST_ERROR
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_PROGRAM_NOT_FOUND
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_PROVIDE_EXCEPTION
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_PROVIDE_INTERVAL_OVERLAP
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_PROVIDE_TABLE_NOT_SORTED
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_READ_SRC_LINE_TOO_LONG
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_REF_IS_INITIAL
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_REPLACE_INFINITE_LOOP
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_SCAN_SOURCE_TOO_WIDE
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_SQL_ERROR
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_OPEN_SQL_ERROR
  |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |--CX_SY_OPEN_SQL_DB
  |    |    |    |
  |    |    |    |--CX_SY_DYNAMIC_OSQL_ERROR
  |    |    |         |
  |    |    |         |--CX_SY_DYNAMIC_OSQL_SEMANTICS
  |    |    |         |
  |    |    |         |--CX_SY_DYNAMIC_OSQL_SYNTAX
  |    |    |
  |    |    |--CX_SY_NATIVE_SQL_ERROR
  |    |
  |    |--CX_SY_WRITE_SRC_LINE_TOO_LONG
  |
  |--CX_NO_CHECK
       |
       |--CX_SY_EXPORT_NO_SHARED_MEMORY
       |
       |--CX_SY_EXPORT_BUFFER_NO_MEMORY
       |
       |--CX_SY_GENERATE_SUBPOOL_FULL
       |
       |--CX_SY_LOCALIZATION_ERROR
       |
       |--CX_SY_NO_HANDLER
       |
       |--CX_SY_PIPES_NOT_SUPPORTED
       |
       |--CX_SY_PIPE_REOPEN
       |
       |--CX_SY_REMOTE_CALL_ERROR
       |    |
       |    |--CX_SY_RMC_COMM_FAILURE
       |    |
       |    |--CX_SY_RMC_INVALID_STATUS
       |    |
       |    |--CX_SY_RMC_SYSTEM_FAILURE
       |
       |--CX_SY_TOO_MANY_