ping使用说明和可以运行的源代码.doc

如何使用自己写的ping
运行Cmd 进入命令提示符找到

的路径
然后是进

之后 zz
举例：
在d盘
Cmd>d:>cd 计算机网络ping程序>cd debug> zz
就可以看到结果

/*导入库文件*/
#pragma comment( lib, "ws2_32.lib" )
/*加载头文件*/
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

/*定义常量*/
/*表示要记录路由*/
#define IP_RECORD_ROUTE 0x7
/*默认数据报大小*/
#define DEF_PACKET_SIZE 32
/*最大的ICMP数据报大小*/
#define MAX_PACKET 1024
/*最大IP头长度*/
#define MAX_IP_HDR_SIZE 60
/*ICMP报文类型，回显请求*/
#define ICMP_ECHO 8
/*ICMP报文类型，回显应答*/
#define ICMP_ECHOREPLY 0
/*最小的ICMP数据报大小*/
#define ICMP_MIN 8

/*自定义函数原型*/
void InitPing();
void UserHelp();

void GetArgments(int argc, char** argv);
USHORT CheckSum(USHORT *buffer, int size);
void FillICMPData(char *icmp_data, int datasize);
void FreeRes();

void DecodeIPOptions(char *buf, int bytes);
void DecodeICMPHeader(char *buf, int bytes, SOCKADDR_IN* from);

void PingTest(int timeout);

/*IP报头字段数据结构*/
typedef struct _iphdr
{
unsigned int h_len:4; /*IP报头长度*/
unsigned int version:4; /*IP的版本号*/
unsigned char tos; /*服务的类型*/
unsigned short total_len; /*数据报总长度*/
unsigned short ident; /*惟一的标识符*/
unsigned short frag_flags; /*分段标志*/
unsigned char ttl; /*生存期*/
unsigned char proto; /*协议类型(TCP、UDP等)*/
unsigned short checksum; /*校验和*/
unsigned int sourceIP; /*源IP地址*/
unsigned int destIP; /*目的IP地址*/
} IpHeader;

/*ICMP报头字段数据结构*/
typedef struct _icmphdr
{
BYTE i_type; /*ICMP报文类型*/
BYTE i_code; /*该类型中的代码号*/
USHORT i_cksum; /*校验和*/
USHORT i_id; /*惟一的标识符*/
USHORT i_seq; /*序列号*/
ULONG timestamp; /*时间戳*/
} IcmpHeader;

/*IP选项头字段数据结构*/
typedef struct _ipoptionhdr
{

unsigned char code; /*选项类型*/
unsigned char len; /*选项头长度*/
unsigned char ptr; /*地址偏移长度*/
unsigned long addr[9]; /*记录的IP地址列表*/
} IpOptionHeader;

/*定义全局变量*/
SOCKET m_socket;
IpOptionHeader IpOption;
SOCKADDR_IN DestAddr;
SOCKADDR_IN SourceAddr;
char *icmp_data;
char *recvbuf;
USHORT seq_no ;
char *lpdest;
int datasize;
BOOL RecordFlag;
double PacketNum;
BOOL SucessFlag;

/*初始化变量函数*/
void InitPing()
{
WSADATA wsaData;
icmp_data = NULL;
seq_no = 0;
recvbuf = NULL;
RecordFlag = FALSE;
lpdest = NULL;
datasize = DEF_PACKET_SIZE;
PacketNum = 5;
SucessFlag = FALSE;

/*Winsock初始化*/
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0)
{
/*如果初始化不成功则报错，GetLastError()返回发生的错误信息*/
printf("WSAStartup() failed: %d\n", GetLastError());
return ;
}
m_socket = INVALID_SOCKET;
}

/*显示信息函数*/
void UserHelp()
{
printf("UserHelp: ping -r <host> [data size]\n");
printf(" -r record route\n");
printf(" -n record amount\n");
printf(" host remote machine to ping\n");
printf(" datasize can be up to 1KB\n");
ExitProcess(-1);
}

/*获取ping选项函数*/
void GetArgments(int argc,char** argv)
{
int i;
int j;
int exp;
int len;
int m;
/*如果没有指定目的地地址和任何选项*/
if(argc == 1)
{
printf("\nPlease specify the destination IP address and the ping option as follow!\n");
UserHelp();
}

for(i = 1; i < argc; i++)
{
len = strlen(argv[i]);
if (argv[i][0] == '-')
{
/*选项指示要获取记录的条数*/
if(isdigit(argv[i][1]))
{
PacketNum = 0;
for(j=len-1,exp=0;j>=1;j--,exp++)
/*根据argv[i][j]中的ASCII值计算要获取的记录条数(十进制数)*/
PacketNum += ((double)(argv[i][j]-48))*pow(10,exp);
}
else
{
switch (tolower(argv[i][1]))
{
/*选项指示要获取路由信息*/
case 'r':
RecordFlag = TRUE;
break;
/*没有按要求提供选项*/
default:
UserHelp();
break;
}
}
}
/*参数是数据报大小或者IP地址*/
else if (isdigit(argv[i][0]))
{
for(m=1;m<len;m++)
{
if(!(isdigit(argv[i][m])))
{
/*是IP地址*/
lpdest = argv[i];
break;
}
/*是数据报大小*/
else if(m==len-1)
datasize = atoi(argv[i]);
}
}
/*参数是主机名*/
else
lpdest = argv[i];
}
}

/*求校验和函数*/
USHORT CheckSum(USHORT *buffer, int size)
{
unsigned long cksum=0;
while (size > 1)
{
cksum += *buffer++;
size -= sizeof(USHORT);
}
if (size)
{
cksum += *(UCHAR*)buffer;
}
/*对每个16bit进行二进制反码求和*/
cksum = (cksum >> 16) + (cksum & 0xffff);
cksum += (cksum >>16);
return (USHORT)(~cksum);
}

/*填充ICMP数据报字段函数*/
void FillICMPData(char *icmp_data, int datasize)
{
IcmpHeader *icmp_hdr = NULL;
char *datapart = NULL;

icmp_hdr = (IcmpHeader*)icmp_data;
/*ICMP报文类型设置为回显请求*/
icmp_hdr->i_type = ICMP_ECHO;
icmp_hdr->i_code = 0;
/*获取当前进程IP作为标识符*/
icmp_hdr->i_id = (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId();
icmp_hdr->i_cksum = 0;
icmp_hdr->i_seq = 0;
datapart = icmp_data + sizeof(IcmpHeader);
/*以数字0填充剩余空间*/
memset(datapart,'0',datasize-sizeof(IcmpHeader));
}

/*释放资源函数*/
void FreeRes()
{
/*关闭创建的套接字*/
if (m_socket != INVALID_SOCKET)
closesocket(m_socket);
/*释放分配的内存*/
HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, recvbuf);
HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, icmp_data);
/*注销WSAStartup()调用*/
WSACleanup();
return ;
}

/*解读IP选项头函数*/
void DecodeIPOptions(char *buf, int bytes)
{
IpOptionHeader *ipopt = NULL;
IN_ADDR inaddr;
int i;
HOSTENT *host = NULL;
/*获取路由信息的地址入口*/
ipopt = (IpOptionHeader *)(buf + 20);

printf("RR: ");
for(i = 0; i < (ipopt->ptr / 4) - 1; i++)
{
inaddr.S_un.S_addr = ipopt->addr[i];
if (i != 0)
printf(" ");
/*根据IP地址获取主机名*/
host = gethostbyaddr((char *)&inaddr.S_un.S_addr,sizeof(inaddr.S_un.S_addr), AF_INET);
/*如果获取到了主机名，则输出主机名*/
if (host)
printf("(%-15s) %s\n", inet_ntoa(inaddr), host->h_name);
/*否则输出IP地址*/
else
printf("(%-15s)\n", inet_ntoa(inaddr));
}
return;
}

/*解读ICMP报头函数*/
void DecodeICMPHeader(char *buf, int bytes, SOCKADDR_IN *from)
{
IpHeader *iphdr = NULL;
IcmpHeader *icmphdr = NULL;
unsigned short iphdrlen;
DWORD tick;
static int icmpcount = 0;

iphdr = (IpHeader *)buf;
/*计算IP报头的长度*/
iphdrlen = iphdr->h_len * 4;
tick = GetTickCount();

/*如果IP报头的长度为最大长度(基本长度是20字节)，则认为有IP选项，需要解读IP选项*/
if ((iphdrlen == MAX_IP_HDR_SIZE) && (!icmpcount))
/*解读IP选项，即路由信息*/
DecodeIPOptions(buf, bytes);

/*如果读取的数据太小*/
if (bytes < iphdrlen + ICMP_MIN)
{
printf("Too few bytes from %s\n",
inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
}
icmphdr = (IcmpHeader*)(buf + iphdrlen);

/*如果收到的不是回显应答报文则报错*/
if (icmphdr->i_type != ICMP_ECHOREPLY)
{
printf("nonecho type %d recvd\n", icmphdr->i_type);
return;
}
/*核实收到的ID号和发送的是否一致*/
if (icmphdr->i_id != (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId())
{
printf("someone else's packet!\n");
return ;
}
SucessFlag = TRUE;
/*输出记录信息*/
printf("%d bytes from %s:", bytes, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
printf(" icmp_seq = %d. ", icmphdr->i_seq);
printf(" time: %d ms", tick - icmphdr->timestamp);
printf("\n");

icmpcount++;
return;
}

/*ping函数*/
void PingTest(int timeout)
{
int ret;
int readNum;
int fromlen;
struct hostent *hp = NULL;
/*创建原始套接字，该套接字用于ICMP协议*/
m_socket = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, NULL, 0,WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
/*如果套接字创建不成功*/
if (m_socket == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("WSASocket() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return ;
}

/*若要求记录路由选项*/
if (RecordFlag)
{
/*IP选项每个字段用0初始化*/
ZeroMemory(&IpOption, sizeof(IpOption));
/*为每个ICMP包设置路由选项*/
IpOption.code = IP_RECORD_ROUTE;
IpOption.ptr = 4;
IpOption.len = 39;

ret = setsockopt(m_socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS,(char *)&IpOption, sizeof(IpOption));
if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("setsockopt(IP_OPTIONS) failed: %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
}
}

/*设置接收的超时值*/
readNum = setsockopt(m_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO,(char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));
if(readNum == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("setsockopt(SO_RCVTIMEO) failed: %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
return ;
}
/*设置发送的超时值*/
timeout = 1000;
readNum = setsockopt(m_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO,(char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));
if (readNum == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("setsockopt(SO_SNDTIMEO) failed: %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
return ;
}

/*用0初始化目的地地址*/
memset(&DestAddr, 0, sizeof(DestAddr));
/*设置地址族，这里表示使用IP地址族*/
DestAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
if ((DestAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(lpdest)) == INADDR_NONE)
{

/*名字解析，根据主机名获取IP地址*/
if ((hp = gethostbyname(lpdest)) != NULL)
{
/*将获取到的IP值赋给目的地地址中的相应字段*/
memcpy(&(DestAddr.sin_addr), hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
/*将获取到的地址族值赋给目的地地址中的相应字段*/
DestAddr.sin_family = hp->h_addrtype;
printf("DestAddr.sin_addr = %s\n", inet_ntoa(DestAddr.sin_addr));
}
/*获取不成功*/
else
{
printf("gethostbyname() failed: %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
return ;
}
}

/*数据报文大小需要包含ICMP报头*/
datasize += sizeof(IcmpHeader);
/*根据默认堆句柄，从堆中分配MAX_PACKET内存块，新分配内存的内容将被初始化为0*/
icmp_data =(char*) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,MAX_PACKET);
recvbuf =(char*) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,MAX_PACKET);

/*如果分配内存不成功*/
if (!icmp_data)
{
printf("HeapAlloc() failed: %d\n", GetLastError());
return ;
}
/* 创建ICMP报文*/
memset(icmp_data,0,MAX_PACKET);
FillICMPData(icmp_data,datasize);

while(1)
{
static int nCount = 0;
int writeNum;
/*超过指定的记录条数则退出*/
if (nCount++ == PacketNum)
break;

/*计算校验和前要把校验和字段设置为0*/
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = 0;
/*获取操作系统启动到现在所经过的毫秒数，设置时间戳*/
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->timestamp = GetTickCount();
/*设置序列号*/
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_seq = seq_no++;
/*计算校验和*/
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = CheckSum((USHORT*)icmp_data, datasize);
/*开始发送ICMP请求 */
writeNum = sendto(m_socket, icmp_data, datasize, 0,(struct sockaddr*)&DestAddr, sizeof(DestAddr));

/*如果发送不成功*/
if (writeNum == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
/*如果是由于超时不成功*/
if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT)
{
printf("timed out\n");
continue;
}
/*其他发送不成功原因*/
printf("sendto() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return ;
}

/*开始接收ICMP应答 */
fromlen = sizeof(SourceAddr);
readNum = recvfrom(m_socket, recvbuf, MAX_PACKET, 0,(struct sockaddr*)&SourceAddr, &fromlen);
/*如果接收不成功*/
if (readNum == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
/*如果是由于超时不成功*/
if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT)
{
printf("timed out\n");
continue;
}
/*其他接收不成功原因*/
printf("recvfrom() failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return ;
}
/*解读接收到的ICMP数据报*/
DecodeICMPHeader(recvbuf, readNum, &SourceAddr);
}
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
InitPing();
GetArgments(argc, argv);
PingTest(1000);
/*延迟1秒*/
Sleep(1000);
if(SucessFlag)
{
printf("\nPing 结束, 你得到 %.0f 条记录!\n",PacketNum);
printf("\n感谢你的使用，再ping请按enter\n");
}
else
printf("Ping 结束,没有记录!");
FreeRes();
getchar();
return 0;

}