新目标英语八年级上册第6单元知识点总结.pdf

第 1 页 共 12 页Unit6 I m going to study computer science话题：谈论将来的事情与规划一一 学习目标：学习目标：1.知识目标语法 一般将来时 1句型 2a.What do you want to be when?当时你想成为什么？b.I want to be 我想成为c.How are you going to do?你将如何做d.I am going to 我将要e.Where are you going to 你将去哪儿?f.I am going to 我姜武g.When are you going to 你将何时?h.I am going to when 当时我将短语 3grow up 成长；长大 every day 每天 be sure about 对有把握 make sure 确信；务必 sendto把送到 be able to 能 the meaning of的意思 different kinds of 不同种类的write down 写下；记下 have to do with 关于；与有关系 take up 开始做；学着做 hardly ever 几乎不；很少 tooto太而不能/太以至于不能be going to+动词原形 打算做某事 practice doing 练习做某事 keep on doing sth.不断地做某事 learn to do sth.学会做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事 promise to do sth.许诺去做某事help sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事 remember to do/doing sth.记住做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事 love to do/doing sth.喜爱做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 单词4第 2 页 共 12 页二二 情感目标情感目标情感态度价值观目标：每个人都有自己的梦想和对未来的打算，对于将来想要从事的职业也充满了憧憬。人们以常谈论他们的设想，因此，应通过学习这单元的内容来激发学生们的学习主动性和学习兴趣，使他们更加有理想，并为实现自己的理想而不断努力三三 教学重难点教学重难点 教学重点：11)学习一般将来时态的构成方式。2)学习本课时出现的重点句型，通过在不同情景下运用来熟练运用一般将来时态。教学难点：2用一般将来时态表达自己未来的打算。四四 知识点知识点一般将来时的句型11.肯定句：主语+be going to+动词原形The workers are going to build a new school here next year.工人们明年将在这儿盖一所新学校。2.否定句：主语+be not going to+动词原型+其他成份She is not going to come back this week.这一周她不回来了。I will not go shopping one hour later.一小时之后我不会去购物。3.疑问句 Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他成份Are you going to be back in ten minutes?十分钟后你会回来吗？4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他成份Where are you going to go next week?下星期你去哪?How many books are they going to get?他们将有多少本书？will,be going to,be to,be about to的区别1.be going to 表示将来。表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.看看这些黑云，将有一场暴风雨。Its going to be a fine day tomorrow.明天将会是个好天。It is going to rain.要下雨了。2.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。这种结构表示计划中约定的或第 3 页 共 12 页按职责、义务要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。We are to have a meeting next Saturday.下个周日我们有个会。The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。Are we to go on with this work?我们继续干吗？The president is to visit China next week.总统下周来访中国。3.“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。这一结构用于表示客观就要发生的事，表示马上就要发生。一般不再与时间状语连用。Dont go out.Were about to have a meeting.别出去了,我们很快就开会了。I was about to start when it began to rain.我刚要出发就下起雨来了。He is about to leave for Shenyang.他将要离开去沈阳。We are about to leave.我们马上就走。The film is about to begin.电影马上就要开始了。练习1Im going to study English really hard(对画线部分提问)_going to study English?2Tony swims every day.(用 tomorrow 改写)Tony _swim tomorrow.3Im going to Qingdao this summer holiday.(对画线部分提问)_you _this summer holiday?4They are going to take guitar lessons.(改为否定句)They _take guitar lessons.5He is going to be a doctor when he grows up.(对画线部分提问)_he _to be when he grows up?6The boys get much exercise every day.(改为同义句)The boys get_exercise every day.7Jack is going to work in London after he leaves school.(对画线部分提问)_Jack _to work after he leaves school?8His New Years resolution is to make the soccer team(对画线部分提问)_his New Years resolution?第 4 页 共 12 页9Im going to make my New Years resolutions next week.(改为一般疑问句)_to make your New Years resolutions next week10Mary is going to take acting lessons to be an artist.(对画线部分提问)_Mary going to be an artist?巩固强化同步练习单项选择()1.There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A.will be going to B.will going to be C.is going to be D.will go to be()2.Charlie _ here next month.A.isnt working B.doesnt working C.isnt going to working D.wont work()3.He _ very busy this week,he _ free next week.A.will be;is B.is;is C.will be;will be D.is;will be()4.There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A.was B.is going to have C.will have D.is going to be()5._ you _ free tomorrow?No.I _ free the day after tomorrow.A.Are;going to;will B.Are;going to be;will C.Are;going to;will be D.Are;going to be;will be()6.Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.A.will gives B.will give C.gives D.give()7.Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?_.（不，不要。）A.No,you wont.B.No,you arent.C.No,please dont.D.No,please.()8.Where is the morning paper?I _ if for you at once.A.get B.am getting C.to get D.will get()9._ a concert next Saturday?A.There will be B.Will there be C.There can be D.There are()10.If they come,we _ a meeting.A.have B.will have C.had D.would have()11.He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.A.gives B.gave C.will giving D.is going to giving第 5 页 共 12 页()12.He _ to us as soon as he gets there.A.writes B.has written C.will write D.wrote()13.He _ in three days.A.coming back B.came back C.will come back D.is going to coming back()14.If it _ tomorrow,well go roller-skating.A.isnt rain B.wont rain C.doesnt rain D.doesnt fine()15.Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?No,_（不去）.A.they wont.B.they wont.C.they arent.D.they dont.二适当形式填空1._ you _（be）here this Saturday?No.I _（visit）my teacher.2._ I _（get）you a copy of todays newspaper?Thank you.3.I am afraid there _（be）a meeting this afternoon.I cant join you.4.Mike _（believe,not）this until he _（see）it with his own eyes.5.Most of us dont think their team _（win）Doctor n.博士；医生 v.篡改，伪造；2用作名词(n.)He is a Doctor of Philosophy.他是一位哲学博士。doctor 作“博士”解时,表示大学里的最高学位。doctor 作“医生”解时,指有行医资格并从事医疗工作的人。说“去看病”用 seeconsult a doctor,“请医生”用 send forcall in,get,fetch a doctor。army doctor 军医 country doctor 乡村医生 eye doctor 眼科医生call a doctor 请医生 go to the doctor 去看医生College n.学院；大学；学校 3college 一般指综合大学中的学院或高等专科学校,既可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词。在英式英语中,college 可指规模较大的中学,也可指学院的建筑物或学院的全体师生。university 指综合性大学,可授予各种学位.正如 go to school 一样,上大学应是 go to college,college 前不加定冠词 the;这孩子筹措了足够上大学的钱。第 6 页 共 12 页误 The boy scared up enough money to go to the college.正 The boy scared up enough money to go to college.He is at law college.他在法学院读书。Education n.教育；修养；教育学4用作名词(n.)Our education is overall.我们的教育是全方位的。education 主要指在学校里所受的正规的“教育”。用于技能方面时,可表示“培养,训练”,着重于经过教导、学习所得到的知识与能力。有时还可表示“教养,修养”。education 一般用作不可数名词。但表示一段或一种“教育”时,其前可加不定冠词;在有形容词修饰时,则一定要加不定冠词。get education 受教育 pay for education 交学费 elementary education 初等教育 free education 免费教育12.Send vt.发送；派遣；使处于.的状态；vi.差遣；发出；传送5+to-She sent to say that she was safe and well.她送来消息说她安然无恙。+n./pron.I couldnt come myself,so I sent my friend.我本人来不了,所以派我的朋友来。+that-clause Heaven send that well arrive safely!愿上天保佑我们平安抵达!Send sb sth=send sth to sb My sister sent me a parcel.我姐姐给我寄来一个包裹。He sent books to me from Beijing.他从北京给我寄来了书。She sent her daughter to buy some milk.她差女儿去买些牛奶。send away 遣走,解雇 send for 召唤,派人去叫;派人去取 send off 为送行send up 发射 promise 许诺61.承诺,诺言Give me your promise that youll never be late again.答应我你绝不再迟到了。2.希望,前途The young man shows promise as a poet.这位青年有成为诗人的希望。vt.1.允诺,答应He promised me the book.他答应给我这本书。He promised to help us.他答应要帮助我们。I cant give you the book;Ive promised it to Susan.我不能把这本书给你;我已经答应给苏珊了。第 7 页 共 12 页 2.给人以.的指望;有.的可能It promises to be fine tomorrow.明天有希望是个好天气。agree 同意7agree vt.vi.基本用法如下 1)单独使用，表示同意、答应等。如：I asked him to help me and he agreed.我请求他帮忙，他答应了。2)跟介词 with 连用.表示同意；赞成；与一致；(气候，食物)适合。例如：I dont quite agree with their methods(opinions,ideas).3)跟介同 to 连用，表示同意；赞成(提议、安排、计划等)。例如：I agree to the proposal(the plan).我同意这个提议(计划)。4)与介词 on 连用，表示对取得一致意见(主语往往是协商一件事的人们或单位，后面常接表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动等名词)。例如：The date for the next meeting was agreed on.下次会议的日期达成了一致的协议。5)跟不定式作宾语，表示同意做某事。例如：He agreed to get someone to help us.他同意找人来帮我们的忙。6)跟从句，表示一致认为、同意。例如：At last,the boss agreed that I should do the work.最后，老板同意我来做这项工作。when,while 的区别81 when 是 at or during the time that,既指时间点，也可指一段时间，while 是 during the time that，只指一段时间，因此 when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而 while 从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。2 when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。3 由 when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用 while 引导，如：a.When the teacher came in,we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：While we were talking,the teacher came in.b.They were singing while we were dancing.第 8 页 共 12 页4 when 和 while 还可作并列连词。when 表示“在那时”；while 表示“而，却”，表对照关系。a.The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。b.He is strong while his brother is weak.他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。everyday,every day 的区别9everyday 形容词，意思是“每天的，日常的”。例如：She changed from her everyday clothes into her Sunday best.她把便服换成盛装。Its very important to remember some everyday English.记住一些日常英语是很重要的。every day 在句中充当状语，起着副词的作用。例如：Party membership is growing every day.党员的数量日渐增加。1、She goes to work（every day everyday）.2、This is an（every day everyday）dress.Not everyone 并非所有人都，表示部分否定，英语中，not 与 both,all,everyone,10everything,always,等连用的时候，无论放在前面还是后面，都表示部分否定。Not every man will become a hero.并非人人都能成为英雄。All my family dont smoke.我的家人并非都不吸烟。在英语中要表示全部否定，要用相应的否定词，neither 两者都不，none 三者或以上都不，nobody/no one 没有人，nothing 没有什么东西，not.Any/anybody/anything 等。Neither of the two friends wants to leave each other,but they have to.这两个朋友都不想离开对方，但他们却不得不分开。Foreign adj.外来的；外国的；异质的,可做定语和表语，无比较级和最高级11Our foreign trade has expanded during recent years.近年来我们的对外贸易有所增加。We oppose copying everything foreign.我们反对样样照搬外国的。I cant understand what he says,he must be foreign.我听不懂他说的话,想必他是个外国人。foreign aid 外国的援助,外援 foreign body 异物 foreign friend 外国朋友foreign language 外语 foreign students 留学生 foreign trade 外贸 foreign word 外来字三对外国夫妇住在三楼。第 9 页 共 12 页误 Three couples of foreigners live on the third floor.正 Three foreign couples live on the third floor.析“三对外国夫妇”译成 three couples of foreigners 不符合英语习惯说法,应该改为 three foreign couples。“一对美国夫妇”是 an American couple,若写成 a couple of Americans 就可能是两个美国人了。Foreigner n.外国人Question n.问题；疑问 v.询问；怀疑12 question 的基本意思是需要回答的“问题”,尤其指讨论中的事物,需要决定的事物、查询、事件等,即“议题,难题”,是可数名词。That is a great international question of the day.那是当代的一个重大国际问题。Its a difficult question to decide.这是个难以决定的问题。question 可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时接名词、代词或 if/whether从句作宾语。question 后常用介词 about 或 on 来表示某方面的问题。What right have you to question us?你有什么权力盘问我们?I would never question his honesty.我绝不会怀疑他的诚实。I question if you can do it.我对你能否做这件事表示怀疑。question,problem这两个词都有“问题”的意思。其区别是：question 是一般的问题,较为常用,往往需要对方答复;problem 指要解答的、须解决的或供讨论的问题,也可指难以处理的问题,还可指数学习题。例如:The students asked a lot of questions.学生们问了许多问题。We cant go out in this weather;its out of the question.这样的天气我们不能出去,根本不要提出去的事吧。Discuss v.讨论；论述；商量 discussion n.讨论13discuss 多用作及物动词,可接名词、代词、带疑问词的动词不定式、动名词或 wh-从句作宾语。偶尔也可用作不及物动词。Discuss sth with sb 和某人讨论某事。We will discuss what to teach during the next term.我们将讨论下学期教什么。They discussed selling the house.他们商讨卖房一事。You neednt discuss this matter with me.你不必和我讨论这件事。第 10 页 共 12 页He is discussing with his friends what they should do next.他在和朋友们讨论下一步该做什么。discuss the news 谈论新闻 discuss the question 讨论问题 discuss in groups 分组讨论我们将很快讨论这个问题。误 We shall discuss about the problem soon.正 We shall discuss the problem soon.析 discuss 主要用作及物动词,无需搭用 about,concerning 等介词。Beginning n.开始；开端；起源14beginning 指时间或时期的开始时,通常用作不可数名词,前面有时用介词,有时不用;指事情的开始或开端时,通常用作可数名词,常用复数 beginnings,前面可用介词 in。beginning 可构成介词短语(如 in the beginning 后面不跟 of,相当于 at first。)或短语介词(如at the beginning of),前者一般用于时间,而后者则既可用于时间,又可用于空间。at the beginning 和 in the beginning 用法一致，前者用得更多些，但说世界的开端时要用 in。at the beginning 是“起初”,后来可能有变化，反义词组是 at the end of 在.结束时That was the beginning of my troubles.我的麻烦开始了。good beginning 良好的开端我已经把这本书从头到尾读完了。误 I have read the book from the beginning to the end.正 I have read the book from beginning to end.析 from beginning to end 是固定习语,表示“从头至尾”,beginning 和 end 之前不能加冠词。Improve vt.改善；改进；提高 vi.变得更好；改进15improve 的基本意思为“改善,提高”,可指健康状况、环境、形势等,也可指具体事物,还可间或指人。强调部分地或某种程度上对客体加以修补改正,以提高到较高水平或使其更受欢迎。本词不用于坏的事物变好,也不用于变得十分完美,无以复加。improve 用作及物动词时可接名词或代词作宾语,但不用于被动结构;用作不及物动词时主动形式常含有被动意义。improve 后常接反身代词表示“在知识或学问上有进步”,其后常接介词 in。I hope for the weather to improve soon.我希望天气会很快转好。Wine improves with age.酒越陈越好。We would snatch at every chance to improve our work.我们应抓住每个机会来改进我们第 11 页 共 12 页的工作。improve in,improve onupon1.前者表示“本身在方面有改进”,后者主要指“对加以改进”。2.improve on 多接实物名词;而 improve in 多接名词或动名词。3.improve in 多用进行时或完成时态,而 improve on 多用一般时态。He has much improved in health.他的健康状况大有改善。I am able to improve on this plan.我能改进这个计划。improve image 提高形象 improve quality 提高质量 improve scores 提高分数我们希望改进我们的工作。误 We wish to improve our work better.正 We wish to improve our work.析 improve 的意思是“改进,使更好(make better)”,已包含 better 之义,再加上个 better,即属赘余。Weekly adj.每周的；一周一次的；周刊的 n.周刊；周报 adv.每周；一周一次16用作形容词(adj.)We should work out what our weekly costs are.我们应该算出我们每周的花费。用作名词(n.)There is an interesting article in this weekly.这期的周刊上有一篇有趣的文章。用作副词(adv.)We played chess two or three times weekly.我们每周下两三次棋。British Weekly英国周刊Sound n.声音 v.听起来；感觉起来 adj.有效的；合理的；可靠的；全面的；17用作名词(n.)The man was gone:his footsteps made no sound.那人走了,他的脚步没有发出一点声音。Sound travels slower than light.声音比光走得慢。用作动词(v.)It sounds a bad news to me.就我听来,这是个坏消息。The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来很有趣。用作形容词(adj.)A sound mind is in a sound body.有健康的身体,才有健全的心理。第 12 页 共 12 页Sound 用作系动词，后面跟形容词作表语，后面还可以跟名词和介词短语作表语。和 sound一样做系动词的感官动词还有：feel 感觉，look 看起来，seem 好像，smell 闻起来，taste 尝起来疑问词+不定式 的用法18在英语中，不定式可以和疑问词 who,what,which,when,where,how 等连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中做主语，宾语，表语等成分。The difficulty was how to cross the river.（做表语）困难在于怎样过河。How to save the child is the most important.(做主语)如何救那个孩子是最重要的。I can tell you where to find the book.（做宾语）我可以告诉你在哪能找到这本书。191.be about to 不能与 tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。2.Lets 的附加疑问通常使用“,shall we?”。Lets have a rest,shall we?3.问句是“Shall?”，答句就用“shall”；问句用“Will？”，答句就用“will ”。要前后保持一致。Shall you go to school next week?Yes,I shall.Well have an exam.Will you have an exam tomorrow?Yes,I will./No,I wont.A kind of 一种；有几分 all kinds of 各种各样的，different kinds of 不同种类的20An apple is a kind of fruit.苹果是一种水果。We often do this kind of exercise.我们经常做这类练习。用作形容词(adj.)Hes such a kind man;hes all heart.他是个好人,他真诚待人。Be kind to animals.对动物要仁慈。Be kind to old people.对老人要爱戴。kind of 稍微,有点儿,有几分Im feeling kind of tired.我感到有点累。“Is she interested?”“Well,kind of.”“她感兴趣吗?”“有点儿。”