深圳英语七年级上册语法总结：MⅠ.doc

年 级
初一
学 科
英语
版 本
上海牛津版
课程标题
语法总结：MⅠ& MⅡ
编稿老师
戴丹丹
一校
林卉
二校
黄楠
审核
张丽丽

一、学习目标
复习总结：
1. Wh-question的用法；
2. 一般现在时，频度副词和频度副词式短语；
3. 可数名词和不可数名词；
4. there be句型；
5. 形容词的用法。

二、重点、难点
1. Wh-question的用法；
2. 一般现在时，频度副词和频度副词式短语。

三、考情分析
在中考说明中，本课的考试要求如下：
第9条：理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词。
第10条：熟练掌握所学可数名词复数形式的构成及用法。
第30条：熟练掌握形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的用法。
第40条：熟练掌握一般现在时的构成和基本用法。
第52条：掌握五个简单句和there be 句型的基本用法。
第54条：理解一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句的构成和基本用法。

1. 【教材原句】What is her name?
【概念】
Wh-question的构成及用法。
【用法】
特殊疑问句是用来对句子某一部分提问的疑问句。疑问词出现在句首，后接不完整的一般疑问句。句末通常用降调来读。
1. what “什么”（对“事，物”提问；对职业提问。）
2. who “谁”（对“人”提问。）
3. which “哪个”（既可以对“人”提问，也可以对“物”提问。）
4. whose “谁的”（对物主提问。）
5. when “什么时候”（对时间提问。）
6. why “为什么”（对原因提问。）
7. where “在哪里”（对地点提问。）
8. how “怎样”（对方式，程度，状态等提问。）
9. how many “多少”（对可数名词的复数提问。）
10. how much “多少”（对不可数名词提问，对价格提问。）
11. how long “多长”（对时间段或物体的长度提问。）
12. how soon “多久”（对“in+时间段”提问。）
13. how often “多久一次”（对频率提问。）
14. how old “多大”（对年龄提问。）
【例句】
1. What is that? 那是什么？
2. Who is she? 她是谁？
3. Which is your book? 哪一本是你的书？
4. Whose shoes are these? 这些是谁的鞋子？
5. When do you go to school everyday？ 你每天几点上学？
6. Why are you so happy? 你为什么这么开心？
7. Where do you come from? 你来自哪里？
8. How do you go to the park? 你怎么去公园？
9. How many sheep can you see? 你能看到多少只羊？
10. How much is this pen? 这支钢笔多少钱？
11. How long is this ruler? 这把尺子多长？
12. —How soon will he come back? 他什么时候回来？ —In three days. 三天后。
13. —How often do you water the flowers? 你多久浇一次花？—Three times a week. 一周三次。
14. How old are you？ 你多大？
【考题链接】
1. A: _______ is the boy in blue? B: He’s Mike.
2. A: _______ wallet is it? B: It’s mine.
3. A: _______ is the diary? B: It’s under the chair.
4. A: _______ is the Christmas Day? B: It’s on the 25th of December.
5. A: _______ are the earphones? B: They are 25 yuan.
6. A: _______ is the hairdryer? B: It’s blue.
7. A: _______ is it today? B: It’s Sunday.
8. A: _______ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October.
9. A: _______ this red one? B: It’s beautiful.
10. A: _______ is it from here? B: It’s about two kilometers away.
11. A: Can I have some paper and some crayons?
B: _______?
A: I want to make a kite.
12. A: _______ one is fatter, the blue one or the red one?   B: The blue one.
13. A: _______ is your cousin?    B: He’s 15 years old.
14. A: _______ do you have dinner?   B: At 6 o’clock.
答案：
1. Who 2. Whose 3. Where 4. When 5. How much
6. What colour 7. What day 8. What date 9. How about 10. How far
11. Why 12. Which 13. How old 14. When
思路分析：
1. 对人提问 2. 对物主提问 3. 对地点提问 4. 对时间提问 5. 对价钱提问
6. 对颜色提问 7. 对日期提问 8. 对具体日期提问 9. 对方式、程度、状态等提问
10. 对距离提问 11. 对原因提问 12. 对哪一个提问 13. 对年龄提问 14. 对时间提问
2. 【教材原句】I play the guitar.
【概念】
一般现在时：描述现在的事情；表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作；说明客观真理，基本事实或常见现象。
【用法】
一般现在时有两种基本类型：
1）Be型。这样的句型中，谓语动词只有be（am，is，are）。一般疑问句：一调二改三问号。Be动词提前。
2）实义动词型。它出现的形式是“原形或第三人称单数”。一般疑问句：一加二改三问号。句首加助动词do或does。
3）主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
实义动词第三人称单数的构成：
（1）一般在动词词尾加s，例：likes swims looks
（2）以 o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词，要在词尾加es 例：does goes washes teaches
（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为i再加es，例：fly—flies study—studies
（4）have的单三是has
4）频度副词是用来表示动作频率的，但程度上有别。一般来说可以按照频率大小排列成：
always， usually， often， sometimes， seldom， never
位于助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。
5）频度副词式短语： every day 每一天 once a week 一周一次 twice a month 一月两次 every Monday 每周一 every year 每年 three times a year 一年三次
【例句】
He is happy. 他很高兴。
We are friends. 我们是朋友。
Is Peter your brother? Peter是你哥哥吗？
I like cats. 我喜欢猫。
Do you like apples? 你喜欢苹果吗？
I get up at seven. 我在七点起床。
My father likes drinking tea. 我的父亲喜欢喝茶。
He goes to school at eight. 他在八点上学。
Does Tim like swimming? Tim喜欢游泳吗？
She does her homework every day. 她每天都写作业。
【考题链接】
一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式：
1. play ______ 2. study ________ 3. go ________ 4. wash_________ 5. fly _______
6. have _______ 7. do________ 8. be ________ 9. cross________ 10. catch_______

二、单选
My father often ______ me with my Maths in the evening.
A. has helped B. will help C. is helping D. helps

答案：一、1. plays 2. studies 3. goes 4. washes 5. flies 6. has 7. does 8. is
9. crosses 10. catches
二、D
思路分析：一、此题需要同学们在学习中多积累，多注意动词第三人称单数的变化规则，且做题时不要忽略变单三这一重点。
二、often是一般现在时的招牌，看见其就可以确定是helps。
3. 【教材原句】All the plants need light and water.
【概念】
可数名词:表示人，事物，地方，现象，可分为个体名词和集体名词。
不可数名词：物质名词，抽象名词。
【用法】
1. 可数名词变为复数的规则：
1）一般在词尾加s。例: cats birds
2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加 es。例：buses boxes peaches
3）以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为i 再加es。例：family—families
4）有些以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，去掉f 或fe 再加ves。 例：leaf — leaves
5）有些以o结尾的单词加es，口诀：英雄喜欢吃芒果、土豆和西红柿。
hero，mango，potato，tomato
6）一些特殊变化：①man—men foot – feet tooth—teeth child—children
mouse—mice ②Chinese，sheep，fish的单复数不变。
7）被修饰的名词变复数： an apple tree – apple trees；
man或者woman作定语时，修饰与被修饰的名词都要变成复数：
例：man driver—men drivers woman teacher – women teachers
2. 不可数名词的用法：
无法分为个体的实物的名词为物质名词，常见的物质名词有：snow, rain, meat, bread, water, rice, coffee, tea, milk, juice。
抽象名词用于指动作，状态，品质，感情等抽象的概念。如： work 工作，study 学习，love爱，friendship友谊。
在使用不可数名词时，请注意以下几点：
1）不可以在不可数名词前直接加数词或者a，an。例：不能说 a meat，two tea。应说：a piece of meat, two cups of tea.
2）不可数名词没有单复数的变化，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例：There is some milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。
3）修饰不可数名词的量词有：
（1）数量不确定：much, a little, little, some, any, a lot of, lots of。
（2）表示具体数量：a piece of paper, two pieces of bread, three bottles of water。
【例句】
My favourite animal is cats. 我最喜欢的动物是猫。
Heroes like to eat mangoes, potatoes and tomatoes. 英雄喜欢吃芒果，土豆和西红柿。
Do you like to eat peaches? 你喜欢吃桃子吗？
There are three leaves in the book. 在书里有三片叶子。
She has two left feet. 她笨手笨脚。
Let’s count the sheep together, one sheep, two sheep, three sheep … 让我们一起来数羊，一只羊，两只羊，三只羊……
I would like to eat some meat. 我想吃一些肉。
He had too much rice. 他吃太多米饭了。
I need five pieces of paper. 我需要5张纸。
【考题链接】
一、将下列词组翻译成英语。
1. 七袋大米____________________ 2. 两箱子苹果_______________________
3. 九片面包____________________ 4. 十杯牛奶_________________________
5. 三张纸______________________ 6. 五只羊___________________________

二、单项选择
1. We need some more__________. Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatose
2. He is hungry now. Give him __________ to eat.
A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads
3. I would like to have ____________.
A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk
C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks
4. Can you give me __________?
A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea
5. There are not ________ trees near the house. There is only one.
A. any B. some C. many D. much

答案：一、1. seven bags of rice 2. two boxes of apples 3. nine pieces of bread
4. ten glasses of milk 5. three pieces of paper 6. five sheep
二、1. C 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C
思路分析：一、掌握可数名词和不可数名词的复数变化，及量词的使用。
二、1. potato复数后加es，故选C。
2. 两片面包，在piece后加s，bread为不可数名词，形式不变。
3. 句意：我想要喝两杯牛奶。在glass后加es，milk单复数同形。
4. a cup of tea 一杯茶，故选D。
5. any任何，用于否定句和疑问句，修饰可数名词和不可数名词，但是后半句补充有only one，不符合题意。
some一些，用于肯定句，修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
many很多，只修饰可数名词。
much很多，只修饰不可数名词。
没有“很多”树，故用many。
4. 【教材原句】There is a beautiful world under the water.
【概念】
there be表示“某处有某物”。
【用法】
1. 在there be 句型中，there是引导词，无词义。be后面的名词是句子的真正主语，所以，be的形式要与其后面的名词保持数的一致，即就近原则。
2. there be的基本句式为：
There +（助动词或情态动词）+be（be随其后主语的单复数和时态而变）+ 主语 +状语（时间，地点等）
3. there be句型与时态相结合所衍生的各种形态：
一般现在时：there is / are
一般过去时：there was / were
一般将来时：there is / are going to be； there will be
4. be的否定式，表示“某处没有……”：There +be +not/ no +主语…
5. there的一般疑问句：Be+ there+（some 变any）+主语…
【例句】
There is not any/ no water in the river. 河里没有水。
—Is there any water in the river? 河里有水吗？
—Yes, there is. 是的，有。/No, there isn’t. 不，没有。
There was a lot of rain last year. 去年有很多雨水。
There will be an English lesson at 3 this afternoon.今天下午三点将有一节英语课。
【考题链接】
翻译句子
1. 墙上没有画。
2. 篮子里有很多苹果。
3. 房间里有一张桌子，四把椅子和一个书包。
4. 你们班级有多少学生？
答案：
1. There isn’t a picture on the wall.
2. There are many apples in the basket.
3. There is a table, four chairs and a bag in the room.
4. How many students are there in your class?
思路分析：
1. there be的否定句型是在be后加not 或no。
2. 就近原则，故be用复数形式。
3. 就近原则，与后面的a table保持一致。
4. 特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词加there be的不完整一般疑问句。
5.【教材原句】 Winter is cold. Sometimes it is snowy. Winter clothes are warm.
【概念】
形容词用来修饰名词或名词性短语，说明人或事物的性质与特征。
【用法】
形容词的位置：
1. 放在名词前；
2. 放在系动词后；
3. 常用结构和句型：It is +adj. + for +sb. + to do sht.意为 “做某事对某人来说怎么样”
It is +adj. + of+ sb. + to do sth.意为 “某人做某事怎么样”
n.+be+adj.+不定式
【例句】
This is a beautiful dress. 这是一条漂亮的连衣裙。
It is a nice day. 今天是个好天气。
It sounds good. 听起来不错。
It is good for you to eat some vegetables.吃些蔬菜对你有好处。
It is nice of you to help me. 你能帮我真好。
English is easy to learn. 英语很好学。
【考题链接】
根据句意选出正确的词，并用其正确形式填空。
rain hot cold wind cloud
1. The tea is too _____. I cannot drink it.
2. It’s too _____. You can’t go out to play.
3. Oh, it’s _______and ______. It is going to rain soon.
4. Look! It’s _______ heavily.
答案：1. hot 2. cold 3. windy, cloudy 4. raining
思路分析：
1. 句意：茶太热了，我不能喝它。
2. 根据后半句得知你不能出去玩，因外面太冷了。
3. 句意：天快下雨了，外面刮风和多云，wind和cloud两词均要变成形容词形式，在词尾直接加y。
4. 句意：看，外面雨下得很大。现在进行时，rain后加ing。

一、用正确的特殊疑问词填空
1. —_____ is that pretty girl? —She is my sister.
2. —_____ are Jack and Tom? —They are behind you.
3. —_____ do you go to school? —I go to school from Monday to Friday.
4. —_____ has a beautiful flower? —John has a beautiful flower.
5. —_____ are they? —They are my parents.

二、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空
1. My neighbor ______（do）exercise every morning.
2. My uncle can ______（fix）the car.
3. He often ______（go）to school by bus.
4. She ______（look）like her mother.
5. I usually ______（get）up at seven in the morning.

三、用is或are填空
1. There________many monkeys in the mountain.
2. There_______a beautiful garden in our school.
3. There _________some water in the glass.
4. There_____a bed and two chairs in Betty's room.

四、用It is … to…的句式改写下列句子。
1. Eating sweets is nice.
2. Reading is interesting.
3. Swimming in the pool is fun.
答案与解析：一、1. Who 对人提问 2. Where 对地点提问 3. When对时间提问 4. Who对人提问 5. Who对人提问
二、1. does主语为单三 2.fix 情态动词后用动词原形 3.goes 主语为单三 4.looks 主语为单三 5. get
三、1. are be后的主语为复数 2. is 就近原则 3. is water不可数 4. is 就近原则
四、我们可以用 It is adj. to do 来改写。
1. It is nice to eat sweets.
2. It is interesting to read.
3. It is fun to swim in the pool.

上学期期中复习
一、复习unit 1～unit 4的重点单词、短语和句型。

二、复习unit 1～unit 4的重点语法，并能熟练应用。

三、学会用所学语言知识点进行熟练地写作。

（答题时间：40分钟）
一、选择题（从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。）
1. Tom is _____ American boy and he likes playing _______ piano very much.
A. a, a B. a, the C. an, the D. an, /
2. _____ pocket money do you need every week?
A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How soon
3. —What are those? —______ are books.
A. Those B. These C. They D. It
4. ___________packets of salt__________there on the table?
A. How many；is B. How many；are C. How much；is D. How much；are
5. There___ not ____ milk in the cup on the table.
A. are, many B. are, much C. is ,many D. is ,much
6. How many ___ are there in the room?   
A. apple B. students C. milk D. paper
7. How many boys ____ there in Class One?
A. be B. is C. are D. am

二、完形填空
Most children like 1 TV. TV is very interesting. On TV 2 can learn a lot, and they can see and know many things 3 their country and the world. Of course, they can 4 over the radio. But they can learn better and more easily with 5 .Why? Because they can hear and watch at the same time. But they can’t 6 anything over the radio.
Many children watch TV 7 Saturday or Sunday evenings. They are very busy with their lessons on 8 .But a few children watch TV every 9 .They go to bed very late. So they can’t have a good 10 .How about you, my young friend?
1. A. watch B. to watch C. watches D. watching
2. A. we B. you C. they D.I
3. A. about B. on C. at D. with
4. A. sing B. learn C. dance D. hear
5. A. radio B. film C. game D.TV
6. A. hear B. like C. see D. learn
7. A. in B. on C. to D. for
8. A. weekends B. weekdays C. Saturdays D. Sundays
9. A. place B. time C. man D. night
10. A. rest B. time C. game D. meal

三、阅读理解
A
Mrs. Jenkins is now in a big shop. She is going to buy a coat. She is standing near the counter（柜台）. She is waiting for the woman in the shop.
A fat woman is standing near the counter, too. She is looking at Mrs. Jenkins. Now Mrs. Jenkins is talking to her.
“Excuse me.” says Mrs. Jenkins. “Yes?” The fat woman says. “Can you help me? I want a coat.” Mrs. Jenkins says. “I’m sorry. I can’t help you.” “Of course you can help me. That’s your work.” Mrs. Jenkins answers. “It’s not my work. I want to buy a coat, too. I’m not the worker in the shop.” says the fat woman.
1. Mrs. Jenkins goes to buy________.
A. a book B. a pen
C. a coat D. a shirt
2. Who is standing near the counter?
A. Mrs. Jenkins. B. A fat woman.
C. The worker in the shop. D. Both A and B.
3. The fat woman _______________.
A. knows Mrs. Jenkins B. doesn’t know Mrs. Jenkins
C. wants to help Mrs. Jenkins D. likes talking to others
4. Mrs. Jenkins thinks the fat woman __________.
A. is a worker in the shop B. is a nice woman
C. knows how much the coat is D. is happy to help her
5. The woman can’t help Mrs. Jenkins because _________.
A. she doesn’t like Mrs. Jenkins B. she doesn’t want to help people
C. she doesn’t know her D. she doesn’t work in the shop
B
Nov. 10，1998
Francis，
Hello! How are you? It was good to hear from you. Have the flood waters gone down?
The hurricanes（the big winds）have not hit us very hard. We did not have school one day because we thought Hurricane George was going to hit us，but it only rained. We also got rain from Hurricane Mitch. Now the weather is mostly in the 70s（Fahrenheit）（华氏）. It stays warm in Florida all year long.
I just got back from visiting my sister in Tennessee. I applied（申请）for teaching jobs up there because I’d really like to move up there after I graduate（毕业）in May.
I hope you’re healthy and happy.
Mandy Hamilton
6. “Hurricane” means a kind of_________.
A. rain B. cloud C. snow D. wind
7. The weather in Florida is__________almost every day.
A. warm B. hot C. cool D. cold
8. Mandy is a___________now.
A. student B. teacher C. worker D. doctor
9. She will graduate in__________months.
A. 5 B. 6 C. 10 D. 1l
10. She wants to work in__________.
A. Washington B. New York C. Florida D. Tennessee

一、1-5 C B C B D 6-7 B C

二、1-5 D