七下期末复习：知识点归纳.doc

兰亭教育

一、学习目标
1. Units 7-12 单元知识点
2. 学会归纳句型，梳理语法知识

二、重点、难点
重点
1. 单词：spend, another, worry, hear, surprise
2. 短语：a little, in the end, would like, be interested in, wake up
3. 句型：
1) Hello, Rick speaking.
Hi, Rick. It’s Steve.
2) How can I help you?
3) Put on your glasses and you can see the mutton.
4) How interesting! 多么有趣啊！
难点
1. 如何打电话。
2. 感叹句。

一、重点单词
【单词复习】
1. spend [spend] v. 花（时间、钱）等
【用法】
spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花费时间/金钱
spend time / money (in) doing sth. 做某事花费时间/金钱
spend time with sb. 和某人度过时光
【例句】
The girl often spends much money on clothes. 这个女孩经常在买衣服上花费许多钱。

I spent two hours (in) finishing my homework. 我花了两小时完成我的作业。
Can you spend time with your family? 你可以和你的家人度过时光吗？
【拓展】
(1) pay常用来表示“付款”，主语是人，其后用介词for。
sb. pays money for sth. = sb. spends money on/ doing sth.
(2) cost 表示“花钱”，主语为物。
sth. costs sb. money. = sb. pays money for sth. = sb. spends money on/(in) doing sth.
(3) take也可表示“花费”，多指花时间。常用结构为：
It takes sb. some time to do sth. =sb. spends time on/(in) doing sth.
【考题链接】
How much did you ___________ on the book?
A. take B. spend C. cost D. pay
答案：B
思路分析：根据主语you表示人，故排除A, C两项；其后介词是on，故排除D项。
2. another adj. & pron. 另一的，又一个
【用法】
指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”，表示的是不定概念，用来修饰或代替单数可数名词。
【辨析】
the other, the others, others, another
(1) the other指两者中的另一个，常构成短语：one …the other…。
(2) the others 指剩余人或物的全部。
(3) others指剩余的其中的部分。常构成短语：some… others…。
(4) another指三者或三者以上中的另一个。也可指在原来基础上再增加一个，后加基数词，相当于基数词加 more。
【例句】
There are two apples on the plate. One is green, the other is red.
盘子里有两个苹果。一个是绿色的，另一个是红色的。
We have 45 students. Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.
我们有45个学生。其中20个是女孩，剩余的都是男孩。

The shirt is too small. Could you give me another one?
这件衬衫太小。你给我拿另一件好吗？
【考题链接】
Some people like to rest in their free time. __________ like to travel.
A. Other B. The others C. Others D. Another
答案：C
思路分析：浏览题干可知句意为“一些人喜欢在闲暇时间休息。另一些人喜欢旅行”。“另一些人”只是部分，不是全部，故选C项。
3. worry v.﹠n. 担心；担忧
【用法】
(1) worry about sth./ sb. 为某事/某人担心
(2) be worried about sth./ sb. 担心某事/某人
(3) worry作名词“担心；担忧”讲，是不可数名词；“烦心的事”，是可数名词。
Don’t worry about little things. 别为琐事烦恼。
It’s just a mosquito bite. There’s nothing to worry about. 这只是蚊虫咬伤，没有什么可担心的。
【考题链接】
My sister met a lot of ___________. And I’m ___________ about her very much.
A. worry; worry B. worries; worry
C. worry; worried D. worries; worried
答案：D
思路分析：句意为“我姐姐遇到了很多烦心的事。我很担心她”。名词worry应用其复数形式worries；be worried about是固定短语，故选D项。
4. hear v. 听到；听见
【用法】
(1) hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做了某事
(2) hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事
(3) hear+ that从句 听说……
(4) hear of/ about 听说；hear from收到……的来信

【辨析】
hear, listen, sound
(1) hear意为“听到”，强调“听”的结果。
(2) listen意为“听”，强调动作，是不及物动词；其后接“听”的内容时，要用listen to。
(3) sound可作名词和动词。作名词时意为“声音”，作动词时是系动词，后接形容词作表语。
【例句】
Mary speaks fast, so I can’t hear clearly. 玛丽说得很快，所以我听不清。
Look! Tom is listening to the radio.看！汤姆正在听收音机。

That sounds interesting. 那听起来不错。
【考题链接】
I’m talking loudly. Can you __________ me in the next room?
A. sound B. hear C. listen D. listen to
答案：B
思路分析：sound作动词，其后接形容词作表语，题干中me是代词宾格，故排除A项；listen是不及物动词，故其后不能接宾语，排除C项；根据句意“我说话声音很大。你能在隔壁房间里听到我吗？”故选B项。listen to意为“听……”，强调听的动作。
5. surprise n. 惊奇；惊讶 v. 使吃惊
【用法】
(1) 作名词时，常用短语如下：
get a surprise 吃惊；in surprise 吃惊地；to one’s surprise 令人吃惊的是
(2) 作动词时，主语常为物。sth. surprises sb. 某事使某人吃惊
(3) surprised 形容词，指人；surprising形容词，常修饰物。
【例句】
The girls looked at me in surprise. 女孩们吃惊地看着我。

His words surprised me. 他的话使我吃惊。
I was surprised to see the surprising news. 看到那条令人惊讶的消息我很吃惊。
【考题链接】
He gave me some __________ news and I got a ___________.
A. surprised; surprise B. surprising; surprise
C. surprised; surprised D. surprse; surprise
答案：B
思路分析：news表示“物”，故用surprising修饰；a后加名词surprise，故选B项。句意为“他带给我一些令人惊讶的消息，我吃了一惊”。
【即学即练】
1. He __________ half an hour reading English in the morning.
A. pays B. costs C. takes D. spends
2. __________! Can you __________ the __________?
A. Hear; listen to; sound B. Listen; hear; sound
C. Sound; hear; sound D. Listen; listen to; sound
3. To my __________, what he said __________ everyone at present(在场的).
A. surprised; surprised B. surprise; surprising
C. surprising; surprised D. surprise; surprised
4. We have ___________ two days to stay at home.
A. other B. more C. another D. others
5. You don’t __________ about me. But I am always ___________ about you.
A. worry; worry B. worried; worried
C. worry; worried D. worried; worry
答案：1-5 DBDCC
思路分析：
1. 根据主语he可知排除B, C两项；再据 half an hour可知排除A项，只有D项合适。
2. 浏览各选项可知listen可以单独使用，故排除A, C两项；the后接名词，故用sound表示“声音”；hear意为“听到”；listen to意为“听……”，据句意可知B项正确。
3. my是形容词性物主代词，故其后接名词surprise；后半句中缺少谓语动词，故用动词surprise的过去式surprised。句意为“令我感到惊讶的是，他说的话使在场的各位都吃惊了”。
4. 浏览题干和选项可知 another two days意为“另外的两天”，故选C项。
5. don’t后接动词原形；am后接形容词形式，故选C项。

二、重点短语
【短语复习】
1. a little 一点；少量
【用法】
可修饰形容词、副词及其比较级；后接不可数名词。表示肯定意义。
【辨析】
a little, little, a few, few
(1) a little 和little修饰不可数名词。
a little，有点；少量，相当于“not much”，表肯定。little，“几乎没有”，表否定。
(2）a few 和 few 修饰可数名词。
a few，一些；几个，相当于“not many”，表肯定。few，“几乎没有”，表否定。
【例句】
Just a little water to me is enough, but there is little water in the bottle.
一点点水对我而言已经足够了，可是瓶子里几乎没有水。

There are a few mistakes in your exercises because you didn’t do it carefully.
你的练习里有一些错误，因为你没有认真做。
There are few new words in the story, so you can read it.
这个故事里几乎没有几个新单词，你可以读读。
【考题链接】
We felt tired. He wanted to have ________ orange juice, but I wanted to have ________ apples.
A. few, little B. a little; a few C. little; few D. a few; a little
答案：B
思路分析：根据“我们感到累了”可知想喝橘汁，吃苹果，故排除表示否定意义的A, C两项；orange juice是不可数名词，其前用 a little修饰；apples是可数名词，其前用a few修饰，故选B项。
2. in the end 最后
【用法】
其同义词组为：at last, finally
【拓展】
(1) end作名词时，还可以构成短语：
at the end of … 在……的末尾；在……的尽头
by the end of … 到……末为止
(2) end作动词时，可构成短语：
end up with / doing sth. 以(做)某事而告终
【例句】
You can find the post office at the end of the road. 你在路的尽头可以找到邮局。

By the end of last term, they had finished BookⅡ.到上学期期末为止，他们已经学完了第二册。
We ended up speaking Chinese in the end. 最后我们以说汉语而结束。
【考题链接】
At last they finished their work. (同义句转换)
__________ __________ __________ they finished their work.
答案：In the end
思路分析：in the end的同义短语是：at last。
3. would like (表示意愿)愿意；喜欢
【用法】
would like相当于want，但语气更委婉，没有人称和数的变化。
(1) would like sth. 想要某物
(2) would like to do sth. 想要做某事
(3) would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
【例句】
—Would you like some soup? 你想要一些汤吗？
—Yes, please. / No, thanks. 是的。/ 不，谢谢。
—Would you like to go swimming with me? 你想和我去游泳吗？
—Yes, I’d like/ love to. / I’d like/love to, but I have to look after my brother.
是的。/ 我想去，但是我必须照看我弟弟。
I’d like you to help me with my housework. 我想让你帮我做家务。

【考题链接】
He likes ___________ in the morning, but I’d like ___________.
A. to read; running B. reading; run
C. reading; running D. to read; to run
答案：D
思路分析：做此题时一定要看完整；like后可接to do或doing；’d like相当于would like，其后接to do，故选D项。
4. be interested in 对……感兴趣
【用法】
相当于take/ show/ have an interest in。此处interest是名词。
interest还可作动词，意为“使感兴趣”，主语是物；interested作形容词，主语是人；interesting作形容词，常修饰物。
【例句】
The boy was interested in/ took an interest in music when he was three.
这个男孩三岁时就对音乐感兴趣。
The picture interested me. 这幅画使我感兴趣。

I think the movie is very interesting. 我认为这部电影很有趣。
【考题链接】
Basketball __________ him. He is very ___________ in it.
A. interests; interesting B. interest; interested
C. interested; interesting D. interests; interested
答案：D
思路分析：“物使人感兴趣”用动词interest，主语是单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；后半句主语是he，故空内用interested。故选D项。
5. wake… up 把……弄醒
【用法】
在此短语中，up是副词，如果接代词时，要放在wake和up之间。
【例句】
Every morning my mother wakes me up because I can’t wake up.
每天早上，妈妈把我叫醒，因为我不能自己醒来。
【拓展】
与up相关的短语：
get up 起床；站起 cut up 切碎 stay up 熬夜；深夜不睡
put up 搭起；举起
【考题链接】
We __________ up last night. Don’t _____________.
A. got; wake up her B. cut; wake her up
C. stayed; wake her up D. put; wake up her
答案：C
思路分析：根据后句可知句意为“不要把她弄醒”，her是代词，要放在wake和up中间，故排除A, D两项；cut up意为“切碎”，不符合题意。故选C项，stay up意为“熬夜”。
【即学即练】
选词填空，注意其正确形式。
wake… up, in the end, a little, be interested in, would like
1. Maria ___________ to eat some pancakes.
2. __________, our class won the match and we were all very happy.
3. Yesterday she ___________the baby __________, but she didn’t know how to make her stop crying.
4. He’s ___________ tired. Let him have a rest.
5. They ___________ playing the violin when they were young.
答案：1. would like 2. In the end 3. woke; up 4. a little 5. were interested in

三、重点句型
【句型复习】
1. Hello, Rick speaking. 喂，我是里克。
Hi, Rick. It’s Steve. 里克你好，我是史蒂夫。
【句析】
此两句是电话用语。在电话用语中常用以下句子：
Hello! May / Could I speak to …, please? 喂！我可以找……通话吗？

Is that …speaking? 您是……吗？
Who’s that (speaking)? 您是谁？
This is …(speaking). 我是……。
It’s …(speaking). 我是……。
Hold on. 请稍等。
【考题链接】
Hello! ___________Ann. Is that Lily speaking?
A. I am B. This is C. That is D. She is
答案：B
思路分析：此句是电话用语。用this指代自己，故选B项。句意为“喂！我是安。你是莉莉吗？”
2. How can I help you? 需要我帮忙吗？(我可以帮您做些什么呢？)
【句析】
这是一句客套语，向他人伸出援手、主动提出帮助时所用。其中的can可改为could, may，表示语气更加委婉。
【拓展】
类似的句子还有：
May/ Could/ Can I help you?
Do you need any help?
Is there anything I can help (you) with?
Is there anything I can do for you?
What can I do for you？
【例句】
—How could I help you? 需要帮忙吗？
—Can you tell me where the post office is? 你能告诉我邮局在哪儿吗？

【考题链接】
—_______________________________?
—I want a skirt for my daughter.
A. What do you want to buy B. Who do you buy
C. What can I do for you D. Where is the skirt
答案：C
思路分析：根据答语“我想给我女儿买件裙子”可知问句是售货员问顾客的客套语，选项中只有C项符合。
3. Put on your glasses and you can see the mutton. 戴上你的眼镜，你会看到羊肉的。
【句析】
本句是祈使句+ and+含有情态动词的句子。表示一种顺承关系。
【拓展】
祈使句+ then +一般将来时的句子，也表示一种顺承关系。相当于if引导的肯定条件状语从句。
祈使句+ or + 含有情态动词的句子/ 一般将来时的句子，表示一种转折关系。相当于if引导的否定条件状语从句。
【例句】
Work hard, and/ then you will get good grades. = If you work hard, you will get good grades.
努力学习，你就会取得好成绩。
Be quick, or you will miss the train. = If you are quick, you won’t miss the train.
快点，否则你会误了火车的。
【考题链接】
1. Go along this street, ___________ you’ll find the shop.
A. but B. and C. or D. so
2. Hurry up, __________ you’ll be late for the football match.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
答案：1. B 2. B
思路分析：
1. 根据“沿着这条街”和“你会发现那家商店”，可知是表示一种顺承关系，故选B项。
2. 根据“快点”和“你就会耽误那场足球比赛的”，可知是表示一种转折关系，故选B项。
4. How interesting! 多么有趣啊！
【句析】
本句是感叹句。省略了主语和谓语。原句应是：How interesting it is!
表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫感叹句。
通常由what或 how引导，what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词。
【拓展】
感叹句的句型如下：
(1) What + a / an + adj. + n. + 主 +谓！(名词为可数名词单数)
(2) What + adj. + n. + 主 + 谓！（名词为不可数名词或可数名词复数）
(3) How + adj. / adv.+ 主 + 谓！
(4) How + adj. + a/ an + n. +(主)+ 谓! (名词是可数名词单数)
(5) How + adj. + the + n. + (主)+ 谓! (名词是不可数名词或可数名词复数)
其中，(1)、(4)两句可互换；(2)、(5)两句可互换。
【例句】
What a fine day it is! = How fine the day (it) is! 今天天气不错！
What hot weather it is! =How hot the weather (it) is! 多么热的天气呀！
What beautiful flowers they are! = How beautiful the flowers (they) are! 这些花多么漂亮呀！
How fine he looks! 他看起来气色多好啊！

【考题链接】
1. ___________ beautiful your new dress is!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
2. ___________ fine weather it is!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
答案：1. A 2. C
思路分析：
1. beautiful是形容词，故用how修饰。
2. fine修饰名词，weather是不可数名词，故选C项。
【即学即练】
根据要求完成下列各题
1. Is that Mary speaking? (作肯定回答)
__________, __________ __________ Mary speaking.
2. Is there anything I can do for you? (同义句转换)
__________ __________ I __________ you?
3. Get up early, and you can catch the early bus. (同义句转换)
__________ you __________ up early, you __________ catch the early bus.
4. How interesting the book is! (同义句转换)
__________ __________ interesting book it is!
答案：1. Yes; this is 2. How can; help 3. If; get; can 4. What an

初中英语七年级下人教版（新目标）下册期末试卷分析

一、预习新知
期末试卷分析

二、预习点拨
思考问题一：你能掌握所学的单词、短语及句型掌握吗？
思考问题二：你能用英语打电话吗？
思考问题三：你对现在进行时、一般过去时掌握了吗？
思考问题四：你对祈使句、there be 句型的印象还清晰吗？

（答题时间：40分钟）
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( ) 1. New Park is a good place ______.
A. to enjoy yourself B. to enjoy you
C. enjoys D. enjoying
( ) 2. — Can your father _____ French?
—Yes, but only ______.
A. speaks; a little B. says; little
C. speak; a little D. say; a little
( ) 3. There _____ a bank and two pay phones near here.
A. has B. are C. is D. have
( ) 4. —______?
—He has big eyes and a small nose.
A. How old is he B. What does he do
C. What does he look like D. How is he
( ) 5. He _____ a large glass of juice.
A. would like B. would likes C. like D. want
( ) 6. Tony won an MP4 in the flower show. He was surprised ______ the prize.
A. get B. to get C. got D. getting
( ) 7. We saw the children ______ in the lake when we passed.
A. swim B. to swim C. swam D. swimming
( ) 8. I _____ carefully, but I couldn’t _____ what he said.
A. listen; hear B. listened; hear C. listen; heard D. listen to; hear
( ) 9. They want to spend three months ______ across Europe.
A. to travel B. traveling C. traveled D. travels
( ) 10. ______ beautiful ______ photo is!
A. What; a B. What; / C. How; the D. How; /

﹡Ⅱ. 完形填空
Many Americans like to have their vacation in 1 countries. One day an American 2 comes to China. This is her first time (次数) to China and she wants to 3 some friends there. She meets a Chinese. This Chinese wants to talk 4 with the American. When he sees her, he comes up, says “ 5 ” to her, then he begins his first talk with someone 6 an English-speaking country. “How old are you?” the Chinese 7 .
“I’m 8 . Please don’t ask a lady about her 9 .” answers the woman. The Chinese is surprised. He doesn’t know 10 . Can you help him?
( ) 1. A. an other B. the other C. other D. others
( ) 2. A. man B. boy C. woman D. child
( ) 3. A. make B. making C. do D. having
( ) 4. A. with English B. with Chinese C. in English D. in Chinese
( ) 5. A. OK B. Hello C. Sorry D. Good-bye
( ) 6. A. to B. at C. of D. from
( ) 7. A. says B. tells C. talks D. speaks
( ) 8. A. sure B. shy C. happy D. sorry
( ) 9. A. dinner B. age C. job D. family
( )10. A. how B. why C. what D. where

﹡Ⅲ. 阅读理解
Jane and Helen are my twin sisters. They are in the same class. Jane studies hard. And she is good at (擅长) schoolwork. Helen doesn’t study hard. She is very lazy. Every day she always plays w