人教版八年级上册英语unit1知识点及习题.doc

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?一、书本重要语法点梳理go on vacation去度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山 go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营quite a few相当多 study for为而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然 feel like给的感觉；感受到go shopping去购物 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走 because of因为one bowl of 一碗 the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on继续 take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出来 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来 look+adj. 看起来nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地decide to do sth.决定去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事Why not do. sth.?为什么不做呢？so+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事1. on vacation 度假 vacation意为“假期、假日”，相当于holiday，但vacation表示长的假期。如：the long vacation 长假the summer vacation 暑假the Christmas vacation 圣诞假期而holiday（尤其美国）指“假日；休息日；休假”。on vacation = on holiday 意为“度假”练习 Where did Mr.Liu go on _ vacation?He went to Sanya.A/ Ba Can Dthe2. anything interesting 一些有趣的东西1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。2）当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面；3）这些不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如： Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？4） something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句及疑问句中。如：Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）Why dont you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）练习 1.There is in todays newspaper. Lets read a storybook. A. something interesting B. nothing interesting C. interesting something D. interesting nothing2.Did you go fishing with yesterday? Yes, I went with my father.A. someone B. anyone C. no one D. everyone3.Is there _ in the room?_.There is only one old desk.Aanything special；Yes Banything special；NoCspecial anything；Yes Dspecial anything；No4.There is _ interesting in the movie.Id like to see it again.x k b 1 . c o mAanything BNothing Ceverything Dsomething3. buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth如：My parents often buy some books for me. = My parents often buy me some books.我父母经常给我买书。4.提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?5. long time no see 好久不见6. quite a few 相当多 a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者都表肯定意义 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的修饰不可数名词 但两者都表否定意义 如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。练习1.I have quite friends. I feel very happy. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little7. most of 的大多数 如：most of the time 大多数时间练习1.Basketball is popular with boys._ of them like playing it.A Most BFew CMuch DLittle8. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。 1）seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有： seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They seem to talk in class. 他们似乎上课说 话。 seem（to be）+adj. 似乎. 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎 病了。 It seems that + 从句 似乎. 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似 乎病了。练习1.Frank，it _ that you like to work with animals.Yes，I like animals very much.Alooks Bseems Csounds Dtastes 2） bored 作形容词，意为“烦闷的；厌倦的”其主语是某人； 而boring 也是形容词，其主语是某物。 如：My parents ask me to do homework all day. I feel bored.我父母整天叫我做作业， 我感到很厌倦。Doing homework all day is a little boring. 整天做作业有点无聊。 相类似的词语还有： interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 有趣的 surprised adj. 感到惊奇的 surprising adj. 惊奇的 tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的 excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋/激动的 amazed 惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的练习1.The book is .I feel .A. boring , boring B. bored , boring C. boring, bored D. bored , bored9. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 牢记： 相同点：都是“到达“的意思不同点：get to+地点/reach+地点 arrive at+小地点（车站等）/arrive in+大地点（国家等）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here,there,home等，则不需要加介词。练习1.The Smiths_ New York at 8:00 last night. A.arrived at B. got to C.reach D.arrived 10. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得很愉快。 跟它意思相近的词组还有have a good great time , have fun。练习1.Do you enjoy_photos? A. to take B.take C.taking D.takes11. decide 意为“决定”，是动词。它的名词形式为decision。构成的短语有： decide to do sth. decide on doing sth. 决定做某事 make a decision to do sth.决定不要做某事，要用decide not to do sth.。如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。练习1.My parents decide_ to the beach this week. A. go B. goes C. to go D. going2.Mike decided _ the museum this Sunday.Avisit BVisits Cvisiting Dto visit12. nothing.but.意为“除.之外； 只有”，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。13 . feel like 意为：“有什么感觉；感受到”，后跟宾语从句。另外，构成短语 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。I feel like eating.我想吃东西。14. because of , because： because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语 如：I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。 because +从句 如：I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。练习1.We have to stay at home _ the heavy rain. A. because B. because of C. but D. and2.Last Sunday we didnt go out _ the rain.Abecause of BbecauseCin front of Dbefore15. below意为“在.下面”，其反义词为 above，意为“在.上面”练习1.The weather was really cold yesterday.Yes.It was five _ zero last night.Aunder BbelowCdown Dbetween16. bring sth.to +地点，意为“带来”，其反义词是take。如：Please bring your book to our school. 请把你的书带到我们学校来。Please take your book to your school. 请把你的书带到你的学校去。17.enough 足够形容词enough 如：beautiful enough足够漂亮 enough名词如：enough food 足够食物 enough to 足够去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。She is old enough to go to school. 她够大去读书了。18. so that 如此以致于 引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词、副词. that 后面跟从句。如：She was so sad that she couldnt say a word. 她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。19. taste good 尝起来很好吃。taste 系动词用法“尝起来”后+形容词。其他表示状态的系动词有：feel（觉得） keep（保持）stay（保持）seem（好像）look（看来像）smell（闻起来）sound（听起来）taste（尝起来）系动词与形容词连用I feel sick。 我感到难受。 Keep quiet，please！ 请安静下来！The weather stays very hot。天气非常热。 He seems very clever。 他好像很聪明。Jim looks like his father。 吉姆长得像他父亲。The fish smells terrible. 这鱼闻起来坏了。That sounds a good idea。 那听起来是个好主意。 The soup tastes very delicious。这汤尝起来非常香。语法一 复合不定代词1、 由some, any, no, every加上one, body, thing构成不定代词，成为复合不定代词。onebodythingsomesomeonesomebodysomethinganyanyoneanybodyanythingeveryeveryoneeverybodyeverythingnono onenobodynothing2、 用法（1） 复合不定代词相当于名词，在句中可以用作主语、宾语和表语。Someone is knocking at the door.I dont have anything to say today.Money isnt everything.（2） 复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时，形容词和动词不定式后置。I have something important to tell you.There is nothing wrong with the radio.（3） 复合不定代词做主语时，表示单数概念，谓语动词用单词形式。Everything begins to grow in spring.（4） some-不定代词用在肯定句中或者表示请求的一般疑问句中；any-不定代词多用于疑问句中否定句中。Will you ask someone to carry the box for me?Would you like something to drink?（5） anyone和anything也可以用在肯定句中，表示“任何人”和“任何事”。Anyone can do it.I can do anything for you.巩固练习：. I cant hear anything = I can hear _. . There is _ on the floor. Please pick it up. . No one _ how to do it. A. know B. knows C. knowing D. knew . Theres _in the newspaper. You should read it. A. important something B. something boring C. boring something D. something important.二 一般过去时的规则动词和不规则动词（一）规则变化构成规则：在动词末尾直接加-ed . 例如，work -worked , look -looked , play played 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d . 例如，live lived , hope hoped , use used 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加-ed . 例如，study studied , carry carried , worry worried 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-ed . 例如，stop stopped , planplanned （二）不规则变化1. 没有变化，即：与动词原形一样。例如，cut cut , put put , read read 2. 变化元音，例如，write- wrote , know knew , come came 3. 变化辅音，例如，make made , spend spent , send sent 4. 辅音和元音都变化，例如，leave left , teach taught , think thought 5. 其他情况，例如，is was , are were , have had 练习1.I _( have ) a good time with my family in that city last year.2._Helen often _(go )shopping on Sundays ? 3.Tony _( not finish ) his homework on time yesterday .4._your parents _( buy ) you a gift for your last birthday ?5.my father often _( ride ) his bike to work .6.Where_ you_ lunch? At home. There was no school lunch. A. did, have B. are, having C. will, have D. do , have巩固练习单项选择1. Did you do _ on your vacation, Alice?A.anything fun B.fun anything C.something fun D.fun something2. Did you go _?A. interesting somewhere B.somewhere interesting C.anywhere interesting D.interesting anywhere3. I went to summer _.A. vacations B.day C.vacation D.camp4. Where did you go _ vacation?A. to B.on C.for D.in5. And _ the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.A. and B.because C.but D.because of6. _ kind girl Jenny is!A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 7. Did you study _your test?A. on B.at C.for D.in8. I didnt bring back anything from Malaysia. _ at all?A. Something B.Anything C.Nothing D.Everything9. She isnt _to carry the box.A. enough strong B.strong enough C.enough young D.Young enough 10. -Oh, dear, we have_food left.-dont worry. Ill go and buy some.A. a few B.a little C.few D.little11._ did you go last weekend?I went to the mountains with my classmates.AHow BWhen CWhere DWho12.Yesterday the boys _ to the park and _ a good time there.Ago；have Bwent；haveCgo；had Dwent；had13.Did you like your vacation?_.It was great.AYes，I was BNo，I wasntCYes，I did DNo，I didnt14.How was your vacation，Grace?_.I had a wonderful time.AIt is bad BIt was greatCIt was bad DIt is great15.I couldnt do anything but study for the tests during the vacation._.Your parents are too strict(严格的) with youASounds terrible BNo problemCFor sure DGood idea16.How was your vacation? _ . I liked it very much. A. Very bad B. Wonderful C. Im fine D. Have a good time17.What would you like?Wed like two _ and some beef soup.Abowls of rices Bbowl of riceCbowls of rice Dbowl of rices18.I ate a big bowl of noodles five minutes ago.Now Im not _.Atried BhungryCcold Dbusy19.May I use your dictionary，Cindy?_，here you are.ASorry BGreat CThanks DOf course20.Did you learn English by _？No.Mr.Smith taught me.Ayou Byours Cyourself Dyourselves21._ did you go to the beach with?Tom and Jack.AWhere BWhen CWho DHow22.I _ the new museum _ my classmate last weekend.Avisit；with Bvisited；for Cvisit；for Dvisited；with二、句型转换。1. I went to New York City. (对划线部分提问） _ did you _ on vacation?2. I bought something special for my father. （改为一般疑问句） _ you buy _ special for your father?3. I dont like the man. (改为同义句） I _ the man.4. Everyone had a great time. （改为同义句） Everyone _ _.5. The Malaysia yellow noodles were delicious. （对划线部分提问） _ _ the Malaysia yellow noodles?四、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。1. We didnt have an u_ so we were wet and cold.2. The food tasted great because I was so h_!3. E_ was on vacation.4. It was _(精彩的).5. I just stayed at home _(大多数) of the time to read and relax.6. My father didnt bring _(足够的) money.7. I _(想知道) what life was like here in the past.8. We w_ over an hour for the train because there were too many people.9. Why didnt you buy anything for _(你自己)?10. What _(活动) do you find enjoyable?五、 翻译下列句子。1. 昨天你吃什么食物了？ _ _ _ you _ yesterday?2. 你觉得这次旅行怎么样？ How did you _ _ the trip?3. 似乎没有人感到无聊。 No one _ _ _.4. 我感觉我是一只鸟。I _ _ I was a bird.5. 我们想要走到山顶，天却开始下雨了。We wanted to _ _ _ _,but then it started raining a little.