被动语态(高考).doc

被动语态（the passive voice）
I、语法精讲
①定义(definition) : 主语是动作的承受者, 宾语是动作的执行者。
②构成：be + 过去分词
③口诀：宾变主，把“是”补，动词跟，变过分，时与数，“是”随主，主变宾，把by加。
④基本句型
以一般现在时为例
A S+V+O →O + be done + by S
He write a letter.
→ A letter is written by him
B S+V+IO+DO →IO + be done DO by S
He teaches us English.
→ We are taught English by him.
C S+V+O+C → O + be done +C by S
Workers call her Lizzy.
→ she is called Lizzy by workers.

⑤ 现在完成时的被动语态
Have/has been done
Modern Russian artists has rebuilt Catherine’s Palace
→ Catherine’s Palace has been rebuilt by Modern Russian artist.
⑥一般将来时的被动语态
The people of Beijing will plant more trees and build new roads
→ More trees will be planted and new roads will be built by the people of Beijing.
⑦ 现在进行时的被动语态
They are adding new functions to the phones.
→ New functions are being added to the phones.

时 态
现 在
过 去
将 来
一 般
Am
Is told
Are
Was
Were told

Shall /will be told
进 行
Am
is
are being told
Was
were being told

完 成
Have
has been told
Had been told

情态动词
Can, must, may be told

II、反馈练习
A : Complete the rules below, using the words in brackets in the proper form. (用括号你的适当形式填空)
Rules fro the Olympic Games
1. Nobody _________(allow) to enter the stadium without a ticket. Will be allowed to
2. Children _________(allow) to make a noise and upset the competitors. If they do, they ________(take away) from the stadium. will not be allowed, will be taken away
3. No animals _______(allow) in the stadium. will be allowed
4. Cheating by athletes _______(not excuse). They _______(tell) to leave and _________(punish) will not be excused will be told
5. No smoking ________(allow). If you are discovered, you _______(fine) will be allowed, will be fined

B: Change the following sentences into the present perfect passive voice and the present continue passive voice. (将下列句子变成现在完成时态和现在进行时的被动形式)
1. My friend has bought a new personal computer.
A new personal computer has been bought by my friend.

2. The shop has repaired my computer very quickly.
My computer has been repaired very quickly by the shop

3. An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.
My computer has just been attacked by an unknown virus

4. We have not solved the problem yet.
The problem has not been solved by us yet.

5. The company has given its computer away to a local school.
The computers have been given away to a local school by the company.

6. The scientists have developed a kind of intelligent robot.
A kind of intelligent robot has been developed by the scientists

7． They are collecting money for the broadband project.
Money is being collecting for the broadband project by them.

8． They are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school.
A report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school by them.

9． Some scientists are studying human cloning.
Human cloning is being studied by some scientists

10．They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children.
The laws are being revised to protect the rights of woman and children by them

C: Choice (选择)
1.The river smells terrible. People must ______dirty things into it.
A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing
C stop to throw D stop from throwing
2.Many kinds of new bicycles _____ in Number One Machine Factory now.
A are making B are made C have made D will make
3.Paper _____first invented in China.
A is B are C was D were
4.__Do you like the flower?
__Yes, it____ sweet.
A is smelling B smelt C is smelt D smells
5.It snowed heavily last night. The ground _____thick snow.
A was covered with B was filled with C was made of D was getting on with
6.The light in the room ______ before you leave.
A must turn off B will turn off C are turned D must be turned off
7. Young trees _______quite often.
A should water B should be water C should be watered D. should be watering
8.The bridge ______ in three weeks.
A will build B is built C will be built D. will being build
9.The League _____in May,1922.
A found B was found C founded D was founded
10.Paul doesn’t have to be made_____. He always works hard.
A learn B to learn C learned D learning
11.In some part of the world, tea_______ with milk and sugar.
A is serving B is served C serves D served
12.The girl was unhappy because she ___ by some boys in the class.
A is laughed B was laughed C laughed D was laughed at
13.We____that the English test _____ next Monday.
A was told; gives B tell, will give C are told; will be given D told; is going to be given
14.Great changes ____place in China since 1978.
A have been taken B have taken C has been taken D took
15.Look! A big modern building ____ in our city.
A is built B was being build C is being build D has build
16.When we got there, the broken road _____ repaired.
A is being B was being C has been D should be
17. By _____ was the book_____?
A who; wrote B whom; write C whose; writing D whom; written
18.When _____the accident______?
A was happened B has happened C did; happen D was happening
D. change the following sentences into the passive voice. (变主动语态为被动语态)
① You must send your sister to hospital at once.

② The foreigners can’t understand this word.

③ Many people speak French in China.

④ I’ll buy my daughter a new watch.

⑤ The boss made the workers work all day.

E Complete the following sentences. (完成句子)
1．He believes that children          （应允许……学习） at their own pace.（allow）2007 (should)
2．At present, lots of food, water, tents, and medicine (正在运往) from all over China and other parts of the world to the earthquake-stricken areas. (transport) 2008
3. Last night’s 9 TV news said that by then the death of the missing people _________(未证实) yet 2010 (prove)

4． Mr. Johnson insisted that problem worthy of attention _________(讨论) at the meeting.2010 (discuss)

Tense
Form
Example
一般现在时
am/is/are +done
English is spoken in many d.
一般过去时
Was/were +done
My hometown was liberated in 1949.
一般将来时
Will/shall +be +done
The play will be put on next Sunday.
过去将来时
Would +be +done
He told me that the meeting would be put off till the next Friday?
现在进行时
Am/is/are +being +done
A new teaching building is being built now in our school.
过去进行时
Was/were +being +done
The last time I went back to my hometown, a big power station was being built there.
现在完成时
Have/had + been +done
A new satellite has been set up into space to do some scientific research work.
过去完成时
Had +been +done
By the end of last year the railway had been completed.
情态动词
Can/may/must/need/should +be +done
Your homework must be handed in now.
不定式
to be + done
The wall needs to be painted.
感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
Be+seen/heard/noticed/found/watched/observed/made to do
The thief was seen to cross the river by the police.
短语动词
把主要动词变成被动形式
His idea was laughed at among the students.

练习
1. I ________（给。。。打个电话）my sister three times today but her line was always busy. (phone) have phoned
2. Messages _______（留在）in her desk but she didn’t notice them. (leave) were left
3. The window ______ （未擦）for weeks.(clean) hasn’t been cleaned
4. The house could fall down soon if no one（做） ______some quick repair work.(do)does
5. The neighbors ______（准备） a party now. (prepare)are preparing for
6. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ______（考虑） going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.(consider) has been considering
7. The teacher with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class ______（参观）a museum when the earthquake struck.(visit) was visiting
8. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _____（增长）enormously ever since.(increase) has been increased
9. The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______（劝说）eat more fruit and vegetables.(persuade) are persuaded to
10. More patients ______（治疗）in hospital this year than last year.(treat) have been treated
11. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ______（达到）50 million. (reach)
Have reached
12. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ______（见）her somewhere.(see) had seen
13. The crazy fans ______（等待） patiently for two hours, and they would till the star arrived. (wait) had been waiting
14. I _____（睡）while reading the English textbook. (fall) fell asleep
15. At this time tomorrow we _______（飞过）the Atlantic.(fly) will be flying over
16. I ______（知道）for some time that the factory was going to shut down.(know) had known
17. I thought Jim would say something about it, but he _______（未提及） it. (mention) didn’t mention
18. By the end of last year, another new project ________（完成）(complete). Had been completed
19. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _______（未决定）yet. (decide) has not been decided
20. I wonder why Jenny_______(为给。。。写信) us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (write) hasn’t written
21. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____（毕业） for m the university next year.（graduate）graduates
22. I feel it is your husband who ______(责备) for the spoiled child. (blame) is to blame
23. He ______（杀）trying to save a child in the earthquake yesterday. (kill) was killed
24. Rainforests _____（砍伐）and burned at such a speed that they will disappear in the near future. (cut) are being cut
25. I _____（打兵乓球）quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.（play）play ping-pong
26. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they ______生存. (survive) are to survive
27. ______（敲门）the door before entering, please. (knock) knock at
28. My uncle ______（未结婚）until he was forty-five. (marry) didn’t marry
29. I am tired and sleepy. I ______（一直在工作）from 2 p.m. to midnight.(work) have been working
30. The price ________（下降）, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (go) has gone down

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