初中英语语法介词用法讲解与练习.doc

介 词 1 表示时间的介词：at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。2 表示地点，位置，方向的介词：next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等3 表示原因，理由的介词：for, as, at, from 等4 表示方式的介词：on, in, by, with 等。常用介词辨析1 表示时间的in, on, at, after1) in 的用法。用于早晨、下午、傍晚。In the morning/afternoon/evening用于月、年、季节等。In March, in 1986, in spring用于一段时间后。In a week, in a years time, in two hours2) on 的用法用于具体某一天。On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Years Day用于描述性的时间。On a cold night, on a winter day3) at 的用法用于具体的钟点。At 12 oclock, at half nine用于固定的搭配。At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time4) after 表示在一点时间以后。After twelve oclock2. 表示的地点的 in, on , atin指大地方，at是小地点， in表示的是体，on表示的是面，at表示的是点。in可指内部， on可指“在之上”There are six windows in the wall.墙上有6 扇窗子。There are five pictures on the wall.墙上贴着5 幅画。3. 表示方位的on, over, under, above, below.1）on , over, above指上方；under, below指下方；on指物体接触。2）over指正上方、above指斜上方、under指正下方、below指斜下方。There will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥。4. between, among Between指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上。5. across , over, throughAcross表示从这一边到另一边的横过, over表示从空间通过, through则表示从内部空间穿过。Can you swim across the lake? 你能游泳过湖吗？6. with, in ,byWith后跟工具, in后跟语言、材料等, by跟某种方式。I can write with a pen. 我能用笔写。7. 看似相同，但意义有别的词组。At school 在上学 At the school 在学校 In front of 在前边（外部）In the front of 在前部（内部） In class 在课上 In the class 在这个班In bed 在睡觉 In the bed 在床上 In hospital 住院 In the hospital 在医院里Go to school 去上学 Go to the school 去学校用适当的介词填空1) He knows everything _ the school.2) He usually goes out for a walk _ lunch.3) I have lunch _ half past eleven.4) Please look _ the blackboard. 5.They work _8:00 _16:00.5) When do they get up _ the morning?6) Will we go _ bus or _ foot? 7.We have learned a lot _ you.7) The cup was broken _ her.8) Where are you _? Im _Beijing.9) We are working _ the people.10) It is time _ breakfast.11) Class begins _ nine.12) We come _ different parts of America.13) She lives _ her father.14) She often gets up _ half past six _ the morning.15) We stay here _ six months.16) You are leaving _ Shanghai.17) He was born _ 1986.18) We usually have meetings _ Saturday afternoon.19) Beijing is the capital _ china.20) Have a cup _ coffee please.21) Xiao Li was born _ March25,1991.I. 介词的种类 1.简单介词，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without, to, by, with, of, over, behind, up, after, against 等。 2. 复合介词，如,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。 3. 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 (1)和动词的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,keepawayfrom,careabout等。 (2)和形容词的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat (3)和名词的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,visitto等. *介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。II. 某些介词的意义与用法区别1. at,on,in(表时间) : at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子 A. at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如： atfiveoclock（五点），atdaybreak（天亮）， atnoon（中午），atmidnight（半夜），atthebeginningofthemonth（月初），atthattime（那时），atthatmoment（那会儿），atthistimeofday（在一天的这个时候）。 B.in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如： in2006（2006年），inMay，2004（2004年五月），inthemorning（早晨/上午），intheafternoon（下午），intheevening（晚上），inthenight（夜晚），inthedaytime（白天），inthe21stcentury（21世纪），inthreedays（weeks/month）三天（周/个月），inaweek（一周），inspring（春季）。 C.on后跟某日，星期几，某日的朝夕，节日等,即具体某一天极其早中、晚.onSunday（星期日），onawarmmorninginApril（四月的一个温暖的上午），onaDecembernight（12月的一个夜晚），onthatafternoon（那天下午），onthefollowingnight（下一个晚上），onChristmasafternoon（圣诞节下午），onOctober1，1949（1949年10月1日），onNew Years Day.(特别提示): 在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词2. between,among(表位置) “在.之间” A. between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也可用between,如 ImsittingbetweenTomandAlice. B. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如： Heisthebestamongthestudents. 3. beside,besides, except beside意为在旁边， Hesatbesideme.besides意为除之外, 包括在内。Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis? except意为除之外, 不包括在内 They go to work in a week except Saturday.4. inthetree,onthetree inthetree,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上，onthetree,指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西5. ontheway, bytheway,inthisway ontheway指在路上, on ones way to .bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法 , in that way , in other way, in these ways6. bybus,onthebus bybus是一般说法, 固定搭配, onthebus特指乘某一辆车7. across, through, 和past“通过, 经过” across从表面经过, 如,road, bridge, river through从内部空间经过, 如: city, woods, forests, window, gate past , 从旁边经过.EX: Fill in the blanks with across or through. 1. We have to walk _the gate to go into the factory. 2. When we went _the cinema,we saw a traffic accident. 3. Look out _the window, please. 4. Dont walk_the ice. Its dangerous. 5. Suddenly, a young man ran _me. 6. If you walk _the square, you will see the Sunflower Hotel. 7. The river goes _the city. 8. The old man can swim _the stream. 9. I walked _him without saying hello. 10. The army moved _the forests quietly.8. on, above, over, “ 在上”, up, A. on指在某物表面上,有接触点 a book on the table B. over指在某物垂直上方,无接触点,也可指覆盖在某物上, 与under相对a cloth over the table , a fan over the table C. above指在某物的上方即可,不一定是垂直上方 反义词为 below ,The temperature today is above zero.今天气温零度以上.D. up表示在往上的方向 反义词 down look up to the sky 抬头看天空 11. in, after “以后”A. “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后, 用在将来时态中., 常回答how soon的提问.B. “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后, 相当于 一段时间+ laterMy mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months. = He arrived five minutes later. 12. by, with, in , on 表示方式, 手段,工具， A. by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具, 或跟V-ing形式. B. with 表示用 工具, C. in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、颜色)等 D. on 表示通过媒介, on the telephone, on the radio, on TV Eg: He learned Japanese by listening to the radio. We Chinese have meals with chopsticks. The novel is written in English. Ex: Fill in the blanks with by, with or in,on 1. I sent the message to him _email. 2. The pupils write _pencils. 3. Do you know the meaning of word _Chinese ? 4. The man climbed up to the tree _a ladder. 5. They solved the problem _ communicating. 6. The woman was crying _a low voice. 7. The old man often gets news _the radio. 8. We often cut things _a knife. 9. He improved his writing skill _keeping diaries. 10. My grandpa can sing some songs _Russian. 13. 放在地点之前的介词:at, in, on A. at(1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边”B. in(1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。C. on表示毗邻，接壤D. to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤III. 介词的其他一些用法.1. as, 作为. English is used as a mother language.2. at, 在旁边, The boy is sitting at the door.3. but, 除了. He has nothing but money.4. like, 象, 如同. He looks like my best friend.5. till, until, 直到, 在以前. We didnt go home till five yesterday. 6. with , 有，带着 。 Id like some coffee with sugar.7. by, 在.附近 They live by a river.8. 短语介词: thanks to, because of, in spite of, instead of 一. 选择最佳答案(表示时间关系的介词).1. The plane arrived at London airport _ Wednesday.A. on B. at C. in D. for2. What do you usually do _ Christmas?A. on B. at C. in D. for3. The first class begins _ 8 oclock _ the morning.A. at/on B. at/in C. on /in D. on/on4. _last Saturday, we had had two football matches with Class Two.A. For B. / C. By D. During5. We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till6. Mr Black will visit our new school building _ two days.A. before B. after C. at D. in 7. _ the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the army _ the end.A. At/at B. By/in C. In /at D. At /in8. We will have a football match _ this Saturday afternoon.A. on B. / C. in D. for9. He came to see you _ the evening of May 10th.A. in B. at C. on D. for10. Im afraid I gave you a lot of trouble _ my stay here.A. in B. for C. during D. on11. The supermarket is open _ midnight.A. at B. on C. till D. /12. Days are longer _ summer than _ winter.A. in/in B. in/on C. from/to D. to/in 19._ New Years eve people usually dont go to bed until midnight. A. At B. On C. For D. In20. Tom and Paul usually watch TV _ weekends.A. at B. in C. for D. /21. Every day the old man takes these children home _ school.A. at B. to C. from D. after22. Could you come to my office _ the day after tomorrow.A./ B. on C. in D. at23. We had built three bridges over the river _ the end of 1994.A. at B. on C. for D. by24. Life will be better _ the 21st century.A. at B. on C. for D. in25. Do you often work late _ night.A. at B. in C. for D. during 二. 选择最佳答案(表示地点运动方向的介词).1. There is a bridge _ the river.A. under B. over C. on D. next2. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.A. on B. at C. in D. besides3. My house is _ the two buildings, so we get little sunshine during the day.A. between B. among C. in D. at4. Lucy is waiting _ No.3 bus stop _ her father.A. for/for B. for/at C. at/for D. at/at5. Is there anything interesting _ todays newspaper?A. in B. on C. at D. /6. Can you tell me who spoke _ the meeting ?A. at B. along C. in D. for7. My uncle lives _ 208 Smith Street.A. at B. on C. to D. with8. At last we reaches the village _ the hill.A. at the foot of B. at foot C. on foot of D. in the foot from9. Shanghai is _ the east of China and Japan is _the east of China.A. to/to B. to /in C. in /to D. in /in10. _ the end of the street you can find the post office.A. By B. At C. On D. In 11. Do you often listen _the programmes _ the radio.A. to/of B. to /in C. to/on D. on /to12. Please wait _the office . Dont come in until you are called.A. in B. into C. inside D. outside13. Are you going to leave Guangzhou _ Beijing?A. for B. to C. from D. in14. There is a hole _ the wall.A. in B. at C. for D. towards15. Can you tell me the way _ Shanghai Zoo?A. to B. at C. for D. towards三. 选择最佳答案(注意与一些动词搭配使用的介词)1. Thank you _ your coming.A. to B. of C. by D. for2. He spent a long time _ the maths problem.A. in B. on C. for D. at 3. Mr Li is going to help him _ his Chinese this afternoon.A. with B. on C. by D. at4. How much did you pay _ this book?A. for B. at C. on D. with 5. Please translate the sentence _ English.A. into B. to C. at D. for6. Please fill the bottle_ tea.A. by B. with C. for D. in7. The machines cut big pieces of metal _small pieces.A. in B. by C. to D. into 12. You can borrow the book _ your school library.A. from B. to C. for D. at13. I prefer coffee_ tea.A. over B. to C. for D. than14. Would you show me _ your factory?A. to B. in C. at D. round15. Help yourself_ some fish. It tastes very nice.A. with B. on C. in D. to16. They havent decided_ the date for the next meeting.A. for B. by C. in D. on17. Let me introduce her _ you. A. with B. on C. to D. for 18. Li Ling fell _ his bicycle this morning A. on B. down C. off D. to19. I shouted_ her, but shi didnt hear me.A. to B. at C. on D. for20. Tom has made friends_ many Chinese students.A. with B. to C. by D. among四. 选择最佳答案(注意介词的习惯用法)1. Can you find out the answer_ these questions?A. of B. for C. to D. with2. _ his help, I passed the English test yesterday.A. Under B. Of C. With D. by3. Dont forget to bring your text book _ you.A. in B after C. with D. to4. The people are waiting _ the bus, and they ate standing _ line.A. for/on B. for/in C. at /on D. at/in5. Can you sing this song _ English?A. with B. in C. by D. for6. Who is the boy _ blue trousers?A. in B. on C. with D. at7. He decided to get some medicine_ his cold.A. to B. of C. on D. for8. The babys sleeping. Dont speak_ such a loud voice.A. with B. in C. on D. at9. China is a large country _ a long history.A. for B. in C. by D. with10. We cant live even for a few minutes_ air.A. in B. without C. by D. with11. The soldiers are standing_ a row.A. in B. on C. by D. with12. She always serves her customers _ a smile.A. in B. with C. by D. on13. Dont read _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes.A. under/of B. in/towards C. in/ for D. under/for14. How many students go to school _ foot?A. by B. in C. on D. with