初中英语介词用法详解与练习.doc

定义：介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。一、表示时间的介词：1)in , on，at 在时in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in ones life , in ones thirties等。on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day. “at时间点，有on必有天，in指月季年，也和色相连”就是说，有具体的时间点的时候用at，具体那一天用on，说到月份，季节，年份，就用in ；而且说谁穿了什么颜色的衣服的时候，也是用in XX（color）】at用于某一具体时刻或重大节日之前在五点钟_在中午_在夜晚_在圣诞节_在午夜_ (2)on用在具体某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上之前在国庆节_在周二晚上_在星期天_ (3)in用在周、日、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前在一周内_在五月_在夏季_在2009年_在下午_归纳总结在初中阶段常见的固定短语in English用英语 in a minute一会儿、立刻 in a short while一会儿、不久in a hurry匆匆忙忙 in danger在危险中 in full全部地、详细地in a word一句话 in all总共 in every case不管怎样in the end最后 in spite of尽管 in person亲自in fact事实上 in good health身体健康的 in front of在前面in some ways在某些方面 in common共同的 in public当众考题再现：-Who was the first man with A(h1n1) flu in mainland China know for sure? -_May 11,2009. A In B On C For D Since2、before、afterbefore表示“在某时刻或某件事之前”，after用在时刻或某件事之后。We must leave _.八点钟之前我们必须离开。（before 8 oclock）_breakfast ,he hurried to school.早餐后，他匆忙上学去了。（After）考题再现：When the school biulding began to shake,the teachers ran downstdirs _all the students.The teachers are real hero. A .after B .with C .befor【解析】after“在之后”，with“与一起”，before“在之前”。老师们是英雄，说明老师们在地震后跑在了学生之后。3、by、until、till（1）by表示“在之前，到为止”You must hand in your homework _nine oclock.你必须在9点前交上家庭作业。（by）（2）till与until都有“直到”或“直到为止”之意，till多用于口语，且不能放在句首，till和until用于肯定句时，主句中动词的动作一致延续到till或until后的时间为止；till和until用于否定句时，主句中的动词是瞬间动作，它的动作要到till或until后的时间才发生。Eg：He can not be back _January.直到一月份他才回来。（till/until）We waited _10 oclock last night.昨晚我们一直等到10点钟。（till/until）4Of, about, on Of 仅指“关于”人或事物的存在。 He spoke of the film the other day. He thought of the matter yesterday. About 指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。 Its a book for children about Africa and its people. Can you tell me something about yourself? On 指“关于”学术性的或严肃性的，供专门研究用的。 Its a textbook on history of China. 5、in ，after 两者都有“在一段时间之后”之意，但“in+时间段”表示时间从现在算起，常用语将来时态；而“after+时间段/时间点”表示的时间从过去算起，多用于过去式。Eg：（1）I will finish the work _two hours.两个小时后我将完成这项工作。（2）He returned his hometown _half an year.半年后他返回了他的故乡。【考题再现】No hurry.The bus will arrive _ten minutes.A .at B. for C.in D. by【解析】在将来时中，in用在一段时间之前，表示在一段时间之后。故选C二、表示地点的介词：表示方位的介词：in、on、toIn表示“在内”，on表示“与相邻”，to表示“在之外，又不相邻”A is in the northeast of B.A is on the west of B.B is to the east of A. 【考题再现】Taiwan is a beautiful island and its _east of Fujian. A.in B.on C.to 【解析】在表示方位时，in表在内部，on表相邻，to表在外部，又不相邻。台湾在附件的外部，与福建隔海相望。2、表示“在之上或之下”的介词above, over, on 在上above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对； over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.3)below, under 在下面 under表示在正下方 below表示在下，不一定在正下方There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.My pencil-case is _ Li Leis desk.我的铅笔盒在李磊的课桌上。There is a bridge _ the river.河上有座桥。The plane is flying _ the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。Please do not write _this line.请不要写在这条线的下面。 The water flows _the bridge.水在桥下流过。【考题再现】The weather report said that the temperature would fell _(在下面)zero.【解析】“在下面”可用below或under，表示在温度的上方或下方用above（上）或 Below（下）。3、表示在某地的介词：at、in、onat表示较小的地点，in表示较大的地方，on表示在一个平面上。Eg：_ Shanghai._ home._ ground.【考题再现】Tom told me his parents had arrived _Beijing. A. at B. on C. in D. to 【解析】arrive后接两个介词in或at，at接小地方，in接大地方。北京是大地方， 4、表示“前、后”的介词in front of ，in the front of，before 表示“在之前” in front of = before表示“在某一范围之外的前面” in the front of表示“在某一范围之内的前部” eg：Tom is short and always sits _ the classroom.汤姆很矮，一直坐在教室的前面。There is a tree _ my house.我的房前有棵大树。at the back of, behind, after三者均有“在之后”之意，at the back of是in the front of的反义词，表示“在某一范围之内的后部”，behind是in front of的反义词，表示“在某一范围之外的后面”，After可与behind互换，也可以用于表示运动的词词后面。Eg：The couples are walking _their son.这对夫妇跟在他们的儿子后面散步。Your cat is _the tree.你的猫躲在树后面。Theres a blackboard _the classroom.教室后面有块黑板。【考题再现】There is a bank _（在后面）the bus station.【解析】在某一物体外部的后面，5、表示“里外”的介词in表示“在内”，有静止之意，inside表示“在里面”、“到里面”，强调“以为界”之意， into表示动作的方向，意为“到内”。 Eg： My wallet is _the closet.我的钱包在衣柜里。 The boy rushed _ the house.这个男孩冲进房子。 He was reading English _the door.他在家里读英语。outside是inside的反义词，表示“在外面”，out of 是into的反义词，表示“到外”。 Eg：Dont look _the window when you are in class.上课时不要想窗外看。They are having an important meeting ,please wait _ the office.他们正在召开一个重要的会议，请在办公室外边等候。6. from, to, for, into, out of 1)from 从. The train started from Paris. She will fly from Beijing to HK. 2)to 到.（目的地）去，向. He went to Guangzhou last year. They got to the town very late. 3)for 向.，表目的方向 He left for Tianjin on business yesterday. The train for Shanghai has been away. Towards, to 和for都可表示方向，其区别如下： Towards仅指朝向某个方向，不一定是目的地，而to 和for都是“向目的地”。 For作“向（目的地）时，常用于固定搭配中，如：leave for, start for 4) into 进入 Please put the water into the bottle. The teacher came into the classroom.5)out of 从.出来 A girl in red went out of the shop. They pulled him out of the water.三、其他介词1、表示材料与手段的介词：with, by, inwith表示用什么工具，所用的东西都是具体的物。 Eg： We see _our eyes and hear _ears.我们用眼看，用耳听。by指“靠手段”，“用方法”，“凭借动作”，所表示的方法、手段、途径比较抽象，后接名词、代 词或动名词，也可和bus、plane、bike等表示交通手段的名词连用。 Eg： He earns his living _writing.他靠写作谋生。 I shall contact you _telephone.我将打电话和你联系。 I will travel to Hainan _ air.我将乘飞机去海南。【考题再现】Lin Lin often practices English _chatting with her American friend. A. in B. by C. for D. with 【解析】by后接动名词常表示使用某种方法或通过某种途径。in表示“所用材料以及所用的语言、声音、衣饰等” eg： They are talking _Japanese.他们正用日语交谈。 The boy always _a blue heat.男孩常带一顶蓝帽。 I like to draw picture _red ink.我喜欢用红墨水画画。【考题再现】Betly lets make a cake _some flour, sugar, butter and milk. A. at B. of C. in D. with【解析】根据句意“Betly让我们用面粉、糖、黄油、牛奶做面包”可知，空格部分介词为用，With指工具或材料， 2、of, from, aboutOf表示“属于的”，表示数量或种类；from表示“是哪里人”以及时间或时间的起点来自；about“关于”、“大约、左右”等。 Eg：The old man sit here _morning.从早晨起老人就坐在这儿。Wang Hong is a friend _mine.王红是我的一位朋友。I know nothing _him.我对他一无所知。There are _fifty people in the room.房间里大约有50人。Here is a cup _tea for you.给你一杯茶。These visitors are all _American.这些游客都来自美国。【考题再现】I got an e-mail this morning.It was _ my foreign friend ,Tony.【解析】be from意为“来自”，表明主语的出处。 四、几个已混介词的用法辨析1)表示“在之间”的介词：between, amongbetween指在两个人或两个事物之间；among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。My school is _the post office and the hospital.我的学校在邮局和医院之间。I found him _the crowd.我从人群中发现了他。【考题再现】You must ride your bike _the right side of road. A. at B. on C. in D .for There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.The teacher is standing among the students.2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；He makes a living by selling newspapers. He broke the window with a stone. The foreigner spoke to us in English.五、含有介词的固定搭配1、介词与动词do well in在某方面做的好do with处置agree with sb.同意某人begin with以开始laugh at嘲笑help with在方面帮助leave for动身去某地catch up with赶上get on/a long with与相处arrive in/at到达makefriend with与交朋友take care of照顾、照料look at看listen to听hear from听说look for寻找turn on/off打开/关上send for派人去请look after照看、照料put on穿上pay for为付钱lookover检查depend on依赖、依靠wait for等候fill with充满ask for要，要求【考题再现】What would you do _the lost libarary book? I would by to find it or pay _ it. A. for, to B. about, for C. with, for D. with, to【解析】本题考查的是介词的固定搭配。do with意为“处置”、“对付”，pay for“为付钱”2、介词和形容词的固定搭配be satisfied with sb.对某人感到满意be weak in在某方面差be good/bad for对有益/有害be late for迟到be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意be busy with忙于be angry at sth.因而生气be made of由制成be angry at sb.生某人的气be good at在方面做的好be full of充满be different from与不同be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be strict in sth.对某事要求严格be proud of以为荣【考题再现】We must be strict _ourselves and strict_our work. A.in,with B.with,in C.in,in D.with,with 【解析】本体考察的是介词和形容词搭配的固定短语。be strict with sb.意为“对某人要求严格”，对 某事要求严格在strict后面接in3、介词与名词搭配in time及时at work在工作on time按时in fact事实上at home在家at once马上at night晚上in trouble处于困境on foot步行on duty值日in a hurry匆忙in the sun在阳光下巩固练习1. Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.（in, on, to）2.Go _ the bridge _ the river, youll find the shop.（across, through; over, above）3. I go to school _7:30 every morning.（in, on, at）4.He would like to meet her _8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.（between, among ）5. The Greens have lived in China _ three years.（in, for, after）6. We go to school every day _ Saturday and Sunday.（except, besides）7. He wrote the letter _ ink.（by, with ,in）8. She returned to her country _five years.（in, after, for）9. There is a big tree _ our classroom.（after, behind）10. I usually go to work _ bike.（by, on, with）强化复习1 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on 2 -There is nothing tomorrow afternoon, is there?-No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C. out D. up3 A lot of students in our school were born _ March, 1981.A. in B. at C. on D. since 4 tie suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A. on B. at C. in D. during 5 My grandfather was born _ Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. in C. at D. of6 The train is starting _ five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D. still 7 Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on21 The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past 2 We returned to our hometown_.A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week 3 Great changes have taken place_.A. in the last few year B. in the last few yearsC. last year D. on the last year31 Children wake up very early _ the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at2 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.A. In B. On C. At D. For3 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet.A. at B. on C. with D. of4 Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in41 He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year.A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; in 2 Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984. A. on B. in C. at D. to3 Mrs. Brown came to China _ 1996.A. on B. of C. to, D. in4 _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning _Joe Hill.A. On; to B. In; of C. On; for D. At; for 5 Ann moved _ Hangzhou_ September, 1992.A. /; in B. to; in C. to; on D. in; in 6 They started off_ an autumn afternoon.A. during B. at C. in D. on51 He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to2 He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. fA. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on3 The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten. A: in B. at C. on D. of 4 The children get up _ 6 oclock.A. at B. on C. during D. in61 The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest.A. for; with B. on; without C. about; having D. for; without2 I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out_ myself_ last.A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the 3 A new factory will be set up_ a years later.A. for B. in C. after D. on 4 Two years_ he began to write another story-book.A. after B. later; C. in D. late5 We will finish the picture a day.A. in B. on C. after D. on 6 The workers had been_ strike _ almost a month.A. on; in B. at; in C. on; for D. on; during 7 Mr. Brown had lain _ the ground _ four hours before they finally found him.A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during71 The teacher is coming back_ an hour.A. after B. for C. in D. before2 She lived in the mountain village_ the years 1940-1950.A. between B. during C. in D. since3 Miss Wang will come to Beijing_ two days.A. after B. in C. on D. before4 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won _ the end.A. by B. at C. in D. on87 Mary had finished her homework_ the time I got home.A. until B. by C. at D. when2 We stayed at the lab_ our teacher returned.A. till B. by C. during D. while3 They didnt leave the station_ they get on the train.A. until B. by C. after y D. at91 Dont worry. He will return_.A. before long B. long before C. long long ago D. long ago2 There lived an old man, fishing at sea_.A. long before B. before long C. long time ago D. soon3 It was not _ they came back.A. long before B. before long C. long time before D. long after4 I was told that his uncle had gone to France . A. long before -B. shortly after C. before long D. long ago101 _ Tom gets up at five in the morning. A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times2 I remember we met each other_ last year.A. Sometime B. some times C. some time D. sometimes 3 Mary and I have been to the Great Wall,_.A