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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,An Introduction to,Canadian Culture,Marc Upton,第1页,CANADAs HISTORY,Native Americans lived in Canada for thousands of years.In the early 1600s,colonists from Britain and France began to settle in eastern Canada,along the St.Lawrence River.Canada proved to be an excellent spot for trapping and trading of furs.In the 1800s,settlers began to push west.Most of the native Americans were displaced by the Europeans.,第2页,Land&Climate,Canada,is the second largest country in the world,with over,3,851,877,square miles of land,2,varying in climate from permafrost in the north to four distinct seasons of spring,summer,fall,and winter nearer the equator,3,.,Canada has,10 provinces,;British Columbia,Alberta,Saskatchewan,Manitoba,Ontario,Quebec,New Brunswick,Nova Scotia,Prince Edward Island,Newfoundland&Labrador,and,3 territories,;Yukon,Northwest territories,Nunavut,6,.The capital city is Ottawa,in Ontario,11,.,7%of Canadas land mass is covered with,over 2 million,lakes,the largest being the Northwest Territories,Great Bear Lake,4,.,An estimated 14%of the worlds fresh water supply is located in Canada,4,.,Some of Canadas natural resources are;iron ore,nickel,zinc,copper,gold,lead,rare earth elements,molybdenum,potash,diamonds,silver,fish,timber,wildlife,coal,petroleum,natural gas,and hydropower,8,.,第3页,第4页,Banff National Park,第5页,Government Responsibilities,The,federal government,is responsible for things effecting the entire country such as citizenship,immigration,national defense,trade with other countries,12,the banking system,criminal code,and indigenous populations,8,.The federal government also has some involvement in things like employment,insurance,and Medicare that were once controlled by the provinces,because of the greater resources of the federal government,8,.,The,provinces or territories,have responsibility for things like education,highways,healthcare,and welfare,8,.,In areas with a municipal government,the,municipal government,is responsible for local matters like firefighting and city streets,12,.,Queen Elizabeth II,Governor General:David Johnston,第6页,Ottawa,第7页,Economy,The economy in Canada is the 9,th,strongest,17,in the world,8,.,The substantial growth of the manufacturing,mining,and,service sectors in Canada since World War II has revamped,the nation from a primarily rural economy into one,predominantly industrial and urban,8,.,Canada is the 10,th,largest exporter of oil and the 3,rd,largest exporter of natural gas in the world,17,.,Canada is the largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States,including;oil,gas,uranium,and also electric power,8,.,第8页,Vancouver,第9页,Economy,As of there are an estimated 18.85 million people in the Canadian workforce,8,.,Percentages of occupations held in the labor force in:agriculture:2%,manufacturing:13%,construction:6%,services:76%,other:3%,8,Although many people reap the benefits of a strong economy,7.3%of the population was unemployed in and more than 9%of the Canadian population lives in poverty as of an estimate done in,8,.,14.8%of Canadians ages 15-24 are unemployed.,Canada is a leader in the production of gold,silver,copper,uranium,oil,natural gas,agriculture,wood pulp,and timber-related products,8,.,.,The average minimum wage in Canada$10.10.,&the workforce,第10页,Currency,All of Canada uses the Canadian Dollar,20,.,There are no 1 or 2 dollar bills in Canada,they have been replaced by the 1 and 2 dollar coins the“loonie”and the“toonie”,20,.,In history,the Canadian dollar has usually been at least a bit weaker than the United States dollar,but recently the trend has changed,8,.,Canadian bills are brightly colored and easy to distinguish-which also happens to be a point of cultural Canadian pride,20,.,The newest Canadian bills,released in,are made of polymer instead of paper,21,.,第11页,Symbols of Canada,Just a few,National Flag of Canada,The Maple Tree,The Maple Leaf,The Coat of Arms,National Horse of Canada,The Beaver,The Great Seal,Hockey:Canadas national winter sport,Lacrosse:Canadas national summer sport,第12页,The Healthcare System,Often referred to as“Medicare”,Canadas national health insurance program,30,consists of a group of socialized health insurance plans that provide publicly funded healthcare coverage to most all the citizens of Canada regardless of medical history,personal income,or standard of living.Healthcare is administered on a provincial or territorial basis,with guidelines that are set by the federal government,29,.,Citizens are provided preventative care,medical treatments from primary care physicians,access to hospitals,dental surgery and some additional medical services,29,.,The average number of physicians per 1,000 people in Canada is:2.1.,46,第13页,Toronto,第14页,Health,Statistics,Current smokers,24,:19.9%,Percentage of Canadians with a doctor,24,:84.7%,Percentage of Canadians that drink heavily,24,:19%,Percentage of Canadians with high blood pressure,24,:17.6%,Life expectancy for males,24,:78.8 years,Life expectancy for females,8,:84.2 years,Percentage of overweight or obese adults,24,:52.1%,Percentage of overweight or obese youth(age 12-17),24,:20.4%,Percentage of leisure time dedicated to physical activity,24,:53.8%,第15页,Education,-In,Canada,the,education system,is made up of both public and private schools,including;community colleges,technical institutes,secondary schools,universities,university colleges,career colleges,summer camps,and language schools,34,.,Under the Canadian constitution each province has responsibility for its educational system,2,.,Canadian children generally voluntarily attend kindergarten for one or two years at the age of four or five,34,.,All children begin Grade One at about six years of age,34,.,The school year lasts from September to the following June,34,.,Depending on what province you are in,secondary schools go,up to Grade 11 or 12,34,.,99%of the population of Canada over the age of 15 is literate,8,.,第16页,Population,Canada is the ninth-most sparsely populated nation in the world with a population density of 8.6 people per square mile,8,.,Around 33.4 million people live in Canada,and the population is growing by 0.9 percent annually,2,.,Canadas per-capita immigration rate is one of the highest in the world with about 250,000 immigrants being admitted yearly since,7,.,Canada has a society that is open and relatively free of,social class,distinctions,50,.,Ethnic groups of Canada include;28%of,British Isles origin,23%of,French origin,15%,other European,2%,Amerindian,6%other,mostly,Asian,African,Arab,and 26%,mixed background,.,8,Religions in Canada;,Roman Catholic,42.6%,Protestant,23.3%(,United Church,9.5%,Anglica,n 6.8%,Baptist,2.4%,Lutheran,2%),other Christian,4.4%,Muslim,1.9%,other and unspecified,11.8%,non-religious,16%,第17页,Family,Marriage,&,Relationships,The family structure in Canada,Has been changing and becoming more diverse over the last 30+years.,In,69.6%,of households were family households,26.8%,were one-person households,and,3.7%,of households consisted of unrelated persons,81,.,In,68.6%,percent of families consisted of a married couple with or without children,15.5%,of families consisted of common-law couples and,15.9%,of families were single parent families,81,.,Opposite-sex and same-sex marriage are both legal throughout Canada,83,.,Its common for both parents in the family to work outside of the home,2,.,The average family size in was 3 members,82,.,43.1%of marriages end in divorce before the 50,th,anniversary,84,as of.,There were 70,226 divorces,84,in,The dating process usually begins around ages,2,13-16 in Canada.,第18页,Communication,gestures,&,body language,Shaking hands is customary when being introduced to someone new in Canada,47,.Many Canadians expect a firm handshake when meeting or departing as well as good eye contact,52,.,Saying“Hello”,nodding your head,or waving your hand are all acceptable ways to say Hello,2,.,It is proper to remove any sunglasses or hat when speaking with someone,52,.,In Quebec it is considered bad form to speak when you have your hands in your pockets,52,.,As far as personal space,body movement,and body gestures are concerned-the norms are different between English and French provinces,48,.,One to two feet of space between two people is the usual personal boundary in English areas along with a minimal amount of body movement,and little touching other than handshakes,48,.,French Canadians,on the other hand,may stand slightly closer,touch more frequently,and use more expressive gestures,48,.,第19页,Communication,gestures,&,body,language,In Quebec,the thumbs down”sign is considered offensive,as is slapping an open palm over a closed fist,52,.,The okay sign made with the index finger and thumb means zero in Quebec,52,.,The“thumbs up sign is used to mean okay”throughout Canada,52,.,Pointing at someone with your index finger is considered rude,2,.,Using a toothpick,brushing your hair,or clipping your,fingernails are all things not to do in public,52,.,.continued,第20页,Social,norms,Its not uncommon in Canada for people who dont know you to greet you with“Hi!”or“how are you?”when walking down the street,69,.,Its considered rude to speak in a foreign language in the presence of others who do not understand what is being said,48,.,Most Canadians only allow guests in rooms of their home that they have designated as public or“guest”rooms,50,.,Many Canadians are non-smokers and they do not allow smoking in their homes or vehicles,79,.,Recycling and not littering are valued behaviors,79,.,A line is usually formed when several people are waiting for something,like at a coffee shop.Lines are first come first serve,and it is considered very rude to cut in,69,.,Bargaining or haggling is not a common practice in Canada other than for things like buying a house,a vehicle,or dealing with a private seller,69,.,In Canada,white lilies are associated with funerals and red roses are reserved for more romantic settings.When buying flowers for someone,its wise to keep these norms in mind,48,.,第21页,Eating Habits,Punctuality is important,but arriving 5 minutes late for a dinner party is acceptable,50,.,Canadians usually have the standard 3 meals a day and sometimes may have tea coffee in the afternoon or a snack break at work,2,.,Politely refusing food in Canada is unlikely to cause offence,48,.,Elbows should never be on the table when eating,50,.,15%tips are expected at restaurants and often are not included in the tab unless you have a large party,2,.,Eating while walking in public is not acceptable,49,.,In Canada,many people eat with the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand for foods that require cutting,2,.,After finishing a meal,eating utensils should be placed on the plate,2,.,第22页,Common Foods,Canadians eat a lot of the same foods that people do in the,United States,73,;they have fast food,processed foods,milk,cheese,eggs,breads,fruits,vegetables,pizza,meat,seafood,and so on.,Some common Canadian favorites are,Poutine,71,:Fries layered with gravy and cheese curds,;Chicken wings,71,:Fried chicken wings with a variety of different sauces;,Pierogies,71,:A dough dumpling,70,stuffed with a filling like cheese,meat,and/or potatoes;,Elk,moose,buffalo,and deer,71,;Tim Hortons Donuts,71,;,Beaver Tails,71,:A type of pastry;,Maple syrup,71,;,East coast seafood,71,;,Kraft macaroni and cheese,71,;,Beer,71,from one of the many local breweries;,Subway,;,Raspberries,;,Waffles,;,Stews,;,Flax,;,Quinoa,;,Muffins.,Poutine,Pierogies,Beaver tails,第23页,Canadas Animals,第24页,Canadians I like.,Pamela Anderson Jim Carey,第25页,Canadian I really don,t like!,第26页,第27页,
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