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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,关于美国数学建模竞赛,一、竞赛介绍,二、竞赛题目阅读与分析,三、论文写作及其注意事项,第1页,一、美国数学建模竞赛介绍,MCM:Mathematical Contest in Modeling,ICM:Interdisciplinary Contest in Modeling,主办：美国运筹学和管理科学协会、工业及应用数学协会、美国数学协会以及国家安全局赞助，美国数学及应用协会承接,时间：每年二月份第二个周末，周四晚上8：00开始，周一晚上8：00结束,第2页,题目：,MCM竞赛普通有两个问题，都是依据各,行各业教授提议精选出来实际问题。问题答案不是唯一，完全是开放，主要考查参赛者处理问题巧妙性，灵,活性，新奇性。,ICM只有一道题，涵盖数学、环境科学、,环境工程及资源管理等概念建模问题。,第3页,二、竞赛题目阅读与分析,20MCM竞赛题目阅读与分析.20题目.ppt,20MCM竞赛题目阅读与分析.20题目.ppt,20MCM竞赛题目阅读与分析.20题目.ppt,20MCM竞赛题目阅读与分析.20题目.ppt,20MCM竞赛题目阅读与分析.20题目.ppt,20MCM竞赛题目阅读与分析.20题目.ppt,年MCM竞赛题目阅读与分析.年题目.ppt,MCM竞赛题目阅读与分析.题目.ppt,第4页,三、论文写作及其注意事项,1、科技论文结构,2、写作中常见错误,3、写作练习,第5页,1、科技论文六大组成部分：,a.标题（title),b.作者信息(about author),c.摘要,(abstract),d.关键词(key words),e.正文(body)：,introduction,proof,conclusion,f.参考文件(references),第6页,a.标题,用名词短语或可在开头加一个介词on,表示“论”或“关于”.,不写成一个句子或一个不定式短语，,也不出现从句。,第7页,比如，用积分法证实一个不等式,We prove an inequality by the integration,Prove an inequality by the integration,Proving an inequality by the integration,Use the integration to prove an inequality,An inequality is proved by the integration,A proof of an inequality by the integration,To prove an inequality by the integration,第8页,标题每一个实词第一个字母要大写，虚词不用大写；开头冠词可省略，其它冠词能省则省。,Time,for,a Core Curriculum,A Comparison,of,some Numerical Methods,Available for the Estimation of Time-Invariant,Reliability,例1：,第9页,b.作者信息(详细杂志要求有所不一样),多位作者之间加逗号,一行排列,工作单位,所在城市,邮政编码,国家另起一行,作者信息居中排列,第10页,Yunjie Zhang,Shuqin Yang,Department of Mathematics,Dalian Maritime,University,Liaoning,116024,China,比如：,第11页,c.摘要,摘要要围绕问题要求写,能使那些对所论问题有所了解读者,读了,摘要就能对正文内容、研究方法、研究目标以及结论有个基本了解和明确概念.,第12页,摘要包含：,主要结果：做了哪些事情，结果是什么,主要方法：用什么方法,创新内容：与以前工作相比不一样地方,必要时，这项研究背景，结果主要意义,第13页,摘要英文写作要求,正规英语及标准术语，防止使用缩写字和非规范用语,下面是一些正式语体，括号中是普通语体,开始commence(begin)，结束conclude(end),完成complete(finish)，最终eventually(in the end),使用employ/utilize(use)，足够 sufficient(enough),许多many(a lot of)，快rapid(quick),当心caution(care)，试，力争endeavor(try),通惯用普通现在时，最好用第三人称，提倡用被动语态，语态要统一。,第14页,例1：,On the Uniqueness of Inverse Problems of,the Potential Theory,Tadiashvili,Abstract,Inverse problems of potential theory are,considered for two and three dimensional domains.,The uniqueness theorems are proved under,specific restrictions on the boundaries of the,domains and the densities of potentials.,第15页,参考译文,关于位势论逆问题唯一性,摘要 本文考虑2维3维区域上位势论逆,问题，并在对区域边界和位势密度作特殊限,制下证实了唯一性定理。,第16页,例2：遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm)是模拟,生物进化过程，在人工系统中实现特定目标,优化随机方法。本文针对大型工业系统,非线性混合0-1规划问题提出了改进遗传算,法，取得了很好效果。算例表明本文方,法不但适合用于普通混合0-1规划问题，且具,有取得全局最优解能力。,第17页,参考译文：,Genetic Algorithm is a random method to optimize a specific objective in artificial systems by simulating biological evolution process.An improved Genetic Algorithm is proposed and is used to nonlinear combined 0-1 programming in large industrial systems to good advantages.The application proved that this method is suitable for general nonlinear combined 0-1 programming and the solution is the global optimization.,第18页,例一、20建模题摘要举例,例二、20建模题摘要举例,例三、20建模题摘要举例,例四、20建模题摘要举例,例五、20建模题摘要举例,例六、年建模题摘要举例,例七、建模题摘要举例,第19页,d.关键词:是在表示论文内容、主题等方面有实际意义并起关键作用词汇，通常是名词术语，部分是有检索意义动词和形容词,格式：,Key words 后面不加冒号,每两个关键词之间用分号隔开,最终关键词不加标点,关键词首字母小写，专有名词除外,英文题目、摘要、关键词要与汉字对应,第20页,比如：,Key words,mathematics courses;Liouville theorem;creating consciousness,第21页,e.正文,主要是 introduction 写法，通常包含：,（1）研究理由、目标和背景；,（2）理论依据、试验基础和研究方,法；,（3）论文结构；,（4）预期结果及其作用、意义。,第22页,f.参考文件,1）文件在论文中引用：引用次序与 参,考文件列出次序相同,2）详细写法各家有各自要求，看“来稿,须知”,美国数模竞赛对写作格式没有尤其要求,能够按提议写作格式写,提议美国数学建模文章格式.doc,第23页,2、英文写作中常见问题,(1)惯词a,an,the 使用方法,比如：,Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of main and splitter blades.,The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be a 3D modeling tool;it is good at dealing with free surfaces and curves,the,the,第24页,(2)句子太长时，主句和辅句分开写，若强调之间有联络，中间用分号。,比如：According to the characteristic of fan-coil air-conditioning systems,this paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on heat transfer theories and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling named Cooling Metering on the Airside,which can monitor the individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the parameters of inlet air condition-temperature and humidity-of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the parameters of inlet cooling water provided by the chiller.,The new method,第25页,(3)给出符号代表意思，或给出一组数据时，最好别用一个长句子写，而使用列表形式会好一点。比如：,The clear height of the case is 6.15 meters;the,thickness of the roof is 0.85 meters;the thickness,of the bottom is 0.90 meters;the overall width is,26.6 meters;the overall length of the axial cord is,304.5 meters;the length of the jacking section is,about 148.8 meters;the weight of the case is,about 24127 tons.,第26页,能够写成：,Case clearance height 6.15 meters,Roof thickness 0.85 meters,Bottom thickness 0.90 meters,Overall width 26.6 meters,Overall length of the axial cord 304.5 meters,(approx.),Length of the jacking section 148.8 meters,(approx.),Weight of the case 24127 tons,第27页,(4)中国人习惯说为了,，我们做了。英文恰好相反，要直接说我们做了，到达了目标。要将说明原因、时间、地点等从句尽可能放在后面，主要意思最先表示。,例1：For the application in automobile interiors,this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing.,第28页,改为：This paper studies the nesting,optimization problem in leather,manufacturing for the application in,automobile interiors.,例2:Inside the test box,the space,was filled with asbestos.,改为：The space inside the test box,was filled with asbestos.,第29页,例3：Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model,the extended STL format is described in this section.,改为：The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.,第30页,(5)滥用In this paper,In this study,这两个短语主要用在：介绍或者总结时强,调文章内容；和引用他人文章时,尤其是“In this paper”给人感觉是你在说,他人文章,这种时候，只要直接写“the paper presents,”即可,第31页,（6）respectively 使用方法,正确使用方法：,Bobby,Nicole and Daren wore red,green and blue coats,respectively.,错误使用方法：,The weights of the two experts are respectively 0.600 and 0.400,Equations 26 can be respectively linearized as,(equations given),respectively,repectively,第32页,This article respectively proposed the,vector data compression model based on,genetic algorithm and the improved method,of vector data compression based on,dynamic programming algorithm.,第33页,(7)Such as 和 etc.使用方法,such as 用作举例时，是列出其中一部分而不是全部；etc.是表示除了以上提到以外还有没列出。所以两个没必要同时用。,Incorrect Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors,printers,and etc.,Correct Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors and printers.,第34页,Incorrect Compared to traditional industry,Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics such as high complexity,high precision and high automation.,Correct Compared to traditional industry,Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics:high complexity,high precision and high automation.,第35页,(8)阿拉伯数字和数学方程使用方法,阿拉伯数字不能出现在句子开头,12 parameters were selected for the experiment.,(Twelve),科技文章中，阿拉伯数字给出是数据，不应该是,信息,All 3 studies concluded that the mean temperature,(three),should be 30,数学方程不能插入句子中,If the power battery SOC SOC10 and the driving,(is greater than),torque belongs to the middle load,第36页,（9）中国人惯用多出使用方法：,Instead of say or say,Research work Research Work,Limit condition Limit Condition,Knowledge memory Knowledge Memory,Sketch map Sketch Map,Layout scheme Layout Scheme,Arrangement plan Arrangement Plan,Simulation results Simulation Results,Knowledge information Knowledge Information,Calculation results Calculation Results,Application results Application Results,第37页,（10）注意不规则动词过去式和过去分词：,Results are showed as Fig.2,改为:,Results are shown in Fig.2,(11)“How to,”不能放在句子开头：,How to find the optimal parameter is the,main objective,改为：,Determining how to find the optimal,parameter is the main objective,第38页,尽可能不用“obviously”,尽可能用句子表示意思，而不用“that is to,say”，或者“namely”,在科技文章中，尽可能别用“too”放到句末表示,“也,”。,英文标点符号后要加一空格,每一段落说明一个意思，之前要空一行，,或空大约一英寸空间,第39页,(12)一个句子中，前后主语和谓语时态、,结构上一定要对称，要分析英语语言与汉语,语言表示方式不一样,例1、我们重点放在第二章所介绍内容。,Our emphasis is put on what is described,in chapter 2.(注意“内容”并未直译）,例2、这仪器体积小。,This device is small in size/volume.,例3、变量A与变量B关系由欧拉公式确定。,Variable A is related to variable B by the Euler formula.,第40页,例4、解这个方程方法是选择适当变换参数。,The equation is solved by choosing suitable,transformation parameter.,例5、Because of using the random optimiz-,ation technology,and does not require the,question of continuity or differentiability,it has,a greater probability to get the global optimal,solution.,第41页,改为：,It is more possible to get the global optimal,solution because the random optimization,technology used in the Genetic algorithm does,not require to discuss the continuity and,differentiability.,第42页,例6、To optimize the solution of this,compression error function,first it needs to,define a non-consecutive two-dimensional,state space,and establish the,relationship between the Nb nodes on F,before compression and the number of the,sub-segment on F after compression.,第43页,修改为：,To optimize the solution of this compression,error function,a non-consecutive two-,dimensional state space should be defined,and the relationship between the Nb nodes on,F before compression and the number of the,sub-segment on F after compression should,be established.,第44页,下面一段话指代混乱，没法读懂意思,This paper which aims at the line graphic elements and takes to make the curve with fewer nodes and less error after compressed as the goal makes research on the vector data compression model and method based on the dynamic programming algorithm,and proposes a method which can self-adaptive construct the optimal method to search the bandwidth.,第45页,例,7,、,The study on equilibrium exchange,rate of RMB based on purchasing power,parity(PPP),has never stopped,and the,greatest contribution of the PPP economists,is that the determine of equilibrium exchange,rate in their analyze,has transferred from the,single variable to the multi-variable,providing,a solid theoretic foundation for the coming,studies.,第46页,重新组织以下：,The study on equilibrium exchange rate of,RMB based on purchasing power parity(PPP),has never stopped.The number of the,variables considered in determining of,equilibrium exchange rate has been,extended/generalized from a single variable to,multi-variables,which is the greatest,contribution of the PPP economists and,provides a solid theoretic foundation for the,future studies.,第47页,科技论文惯用表示：,1）表示假设,Suppose+that 从句；assume+that 从句,2）设，令,Set A=1,2,3,；put A=；let x be a set,3）记作,Denote the differential of a function by d,The differential of a function is denoted,by d,4）把叫做；称为,Call/say/the limit the integral of(x)on,the interval a,b,第48页,5)表示得出结论,We deduce that y=2,We have the equality ay+x=0,From(1)and(2)follows that x=y+1,6)表示“与矛盾”,This contradicts property 1,This is contradictory to property 1,This is in contradiction with property 1,7)条件从句,If then;when;as.,第49页,充分条件：sufficient condition,必要条件：necessary condition,充要条件：if and only if,;when and only,when,8)表示补充、伴随情况,用with 引导介词短语,例：假设函数y=(x)可导，定义域为D,值,域为R,Suppose that a function y=(x)is,differentiable with domain D and range R.,第50页,9)表示目：such that,例：,A is an element in the union of n sets A1,A2,An,if and only if,there exists at least one i,in the set,1,2,n such that a is an element in Ai.,10)表示原因：since,as,owing to,11)证实过程中以下表示：所以:hence;so;thus;,therefore(惯用在证实最终）,据,:according to;by,第51页,12)过去分词使用,the wanted coefficients,the normalized polynomials,the well-ordered set,the generalized solutions,Given,0,there exists 0 such that,，,then we say the limit of,(x)when x approaches,a is A,第52页,13)现在分词独立结构说明经过某种运算，某种方法，有什么样结果,Setting,n,we obtain the desired,Result.,Dividing the both sides by the same,number a,we deduce the solution of the,equation.,例：做匀速圆周运动物体不处于平衡状态,A body/an object moving with an uniform,speed in a circle is not in equilibrium.,第53页,14)适当用句型”动词名次形式+make”,少用动词作谓语,例1:这里,我们把无理数与有理数做个比较,Irrational numbers are compared with rational,numbers here.,A comparison of irrational numbers with rational,numbers is made here.,例2:本书简明介绍数字计算机基础知识,A brief introduction is given to fundamentals of,a digital computer in this book,第54页,写作练习,1、在x-轴上O点右边选定一个适当点，并把它到O点距离称为单位长度,On the x-axis choose an appropriate point to,the right of O and call the distance from this,point to O the unit distance.（祈使句）,A convenient point is chosen to the right of,O on the x-axis and its distance from O is,called the unit distance.（被动语态）,第55页,2、在这个区间存在一个数属于集合A,There exists a number in this interval belonging to the set A,3、若a,b非负，则得到不等式,而当a=b时，等式成立,If a,b are negative,we have the inequality,and the equality occurs when a=b,;,;,第56页,4、若,是一个给定函数，x是定义域里一个元素，那么记号(x)用来表示由确定对应于x值,If is a given function and x is an element,of its domain,then(x)represents the value,assigned by associated with x.,5、该射线将两个坐标轴夹角分成两个相等角,This ray divides/separates the angle made by two coordinate axes into two identical parts/angles.,第57页,6、我们关心主要问题是当n无限增加时，普通项,(n)是否趋近于一个有限数,The main question we are concerned with,is whether the general term(n)approaches,a finite number as n increases infinitely.,7、我们将该集合每一个元素都用一个正整数作下标，这使我们很方便引用第一项，第二项，乃至更普通第n项,We labeled each element of the set with a positive,integer as subscripts so that we may speak of the first,term,the second term,and,in general,the nth term.,第58页,8、设有一质量为m质点作直线运动。从速度等于零时刻起，有一个与运动方向一致、大小与时间成正比（百分比系数为k1）力作用于它，另外还受一与速度成正比（百分比系数为k2)阻力作用。求质点运动速度与时间函数关系,A body of mass m moves along a straight line.A,force with a magnitude proportional to the time in the,direction of the motion and a resistance proportional,to the speed act on the moving body from the moment,when the velocity is zero.Express the velocity of the,body as the function of time.,第59页,9、平面上闭曲线当其上每一点到一个固定点距离均相等时叫做圆。这个固定点称为圆心，经过圆心且其两个端点在圆周上线段称为这个圆直径，直径二分之一叫半径。圆长度叫周长,A circle is a plane closed curve if all points on,it are equidistant from/to a fixed point which is,called the center.The line segment through the,center with endpoints on the circle is called the,diameter,the half of which is radius.The,circumference is the length of a circle.,第60页,10、最近几年，矩阵在数学和许多不一样领域应用以惊人速度增加。矩阵理论在当代物理学中起着举足轻重作用。包括到应用微分方程问题，尤其是在空气动力学（aerodynamics)、压力及结构分析学方面，矩阵方法得到很好应用。心理研究最好用数学方法即原因分析法也是矩阵方法广泛应用学科。不论你专业是什么，矩阵基础知识掌握都会扩大你阅读了解范围。,第61页,参考译文,In recent years the applications of matrices in mathematics and in many diverse fields have increased with remarkable speed.Matrix methods are used to solve problems in applied differential equations,specifically,in the area of aerodynamics,stress and structure analysis.One of the most powerful mathematical methods for psychological studies is factor analysis,a subject that makes wide use of matrix methods.No matter what field you major in,the knowledge of rudiments of matrices is likely to broaden the range of literature that you can read with understanding.,第62页,
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