英美报刊选读考试材料.doc

Unit One China

Lesson one An American in Beijing (中国经济迅猛发展：留学生蜂拥而至)
新闻写作何谓News?
新闻写作何谓Journalese?
Unit Two United States (Ⅰ)
Lesson Five The Evolution Wars (宗教挑战科学)
如何读懂标题 (Ⅰ) (Ⅱ)
Unit Three United States (Ⅱ)
Lesson Ten The New Dream Isn’t American (美国梦不再)
导语 (Lead)
报刊语言主要特点 (Ⅰ) (Ⅱ)
Unit Four United States (Ⅲ)
Lesson Twelve Path of the Storm(暴风骤雨，仕途不保)
读报知识Lobby和Lobby Firm
Unit Five US Foreign Policy
Lesson Eighteen A Race We Can All Win (中国发展：中美双赢的竞赛)
常见借喻词和提喻词 (Ⅰ) (Ⅱ) 常见委婉语
Unit Six World Affairs
Lesson Nineteen
Why the Monarchy Must Stay
（君主制的废留之争）
读报工具书
Explanation
focus on background information, language difficulties, cultural difficulties, textual analysis and comment.
After-class reading 
fast reading, search for key words,
general ideas and topics.
summary and comments
presentation
group discussion
Evaluation
final score=(performance+assignment+attendance )+exam
Attend class on time, nomination at random.
News report (big hot in recent).
Presentation of new text for self-study.
Read newspapers or magazines, make summary and comments on weekly news.(<=1)
Finish assignment on time.
Form groups by yourselves.(5-6)
References:
Do you like watching or listening to news report?
How do you always keep contact with news?
How much do you know about news?
Introduction of News
In China’s academic circles :
News is the reporting of recent events.
1) News is a fresh report of events, facts or opinions that people did not know before they read your story.
2) News is anything timely that interests a number of persons, and the best news is that which has the greatest interest of the greatest number.
3) News is any event, idea or opinion that is timely, that interests or affects a large number of people in a community and that is capable of being understood by them.
4) News is the reporting of anything timely which has importance, use, or interest to a considerable number of persons in a publication audience.
Questions for thinking:
What things are newsworthy?
What are the qualities of a good news story?
human interest (人情味)
ordinary person(s) + usual occurrence(s) ≠ news
Xiaohong goes to school.
ordinary person(s) + unusual occurrence(s) ＝news
Xiaohong kills herself.
extraordinary person(s) + usual occurrence(s) = news
Zhang Baizhi and Xie Tingfeng devoiced
extraordinary person(s)+unusual occurrence(s)=big news
Jackie Chan has made donations for earthquake relief.
An event that happened the day of or day before publication or an event that is due to happen in the immediate future is considered timely.
Some events that happened in the past also may be considered timely if they are printed on an anniversary of the event, such as one, five or 10 years after the incident.
An event may be of interest to local readers because it happened in or close to the community.
the unusual, fresh and unique nature of an event
A well-known saying:
“It is not news when a dog bites a man, but absolutely news when you find a man bites a dog.”
People who are well-known for their accomplishments— primarily entertainers, athletes or people who have gained fame for achievements, good or bad—attract a lot of attention.
This story ran on the front page because of the celebrity status of the entertainers.
People like stories about people who have special problems, achievements or experiences.
These stories can be profiles(人物简介) or unusual stories about people that make readers care about their plight (境况).
Science, business or religion or to such special groups as women, minorities, disabled people, veterans, college students or other groups with particular interests.
Stories involving conflicts people have with government or other people are often newsworthy, especially when the conflict reflects local problems.
Helpfulness:
Consumers, health and other how-to stories
Entertainment:
Stories that amuse readers, make them feel good or help them enjoy their leisure time.
Inspiration:
Stories about people who overcome difficulties
What parts does a news story have?
Like all stories, the basic news story has a headline and three general parts: a beginning called the “lead”, a middle called the “body” and an ending. And before lead, there are dateline and byline.
Dateline: to tell readers when and where the story is written, important
Byline: to give credit to the writer, is also very important.
WASHINGTON, JULY 8(UPl)-CNN hopes to feature Asia more prominently in its news programs in order to share in Japan's estimated ＄50 billion in advertising revenue this year, according to NEWSWEEK
[合众国际社华盛顿7月8日电]据《新闻周刊》报道，为了在今年日本估计为500亿美元的广告收入中占有份额，美国有线新闻网希望在其新闻节目中更加突出亚洲特色.
According to channel of broadcasting:
According to contents:
According to region:
world news (有国际新闻)
home news (国内新闻)
local news (地方新闻)
hard news:
stories of a timely nature (immediacy) about events or conflicts that have just happened or are about to happen.
e.g.
crimes, fires, meetings, protest rallies,
speeches and testimony in court cases.
Soft news can also be stories that focus on people, places or issues that affect readers’ lives. These types of stories are called “feature stories”(专题报道).
It isn’t news that happened overnight, which does not mean that it is less important than hard news.
urgent (急电) brief (简讯)
flash (快讯) editorials (社论)
features (特写/特稿) personal profile (人物特写)
anecdote (趣事/轶事) news reporting (消息报道)
commentaries and columns (新闻评论)
breaking news (突发新闻)
(1) major Print media(报刊)
China Daily, 21st Century, Shanghai Star , Business weekly
(USA)
New York Times
Washington Post
Los Angeles Times
USA Today
Business Week
Wall street Journal
Newsweek
Time
Fortune
Reader’s Digest
USA News & world Report
Christian Science Monitor
(Britain)
The Times http://www.thetimes.co.uk/
The Observer http://www.observer.co.uk/
The Daily Telegraph http://www.dailytelegraph.co.uk/
The Guardian http://www.guardian.co.uk/
The Economist
The Financial Times
(2)major Electrical Media (电子传媒):
News Agency, Radio , TV
1) Thomson Reuters
2) Associated Press (AP) http://www.ap.org/
3) Agency France Press (AFP)
4) the Voice of America (VOA) http://www.voa.gov/
5) British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
6) Cable News Network (CNN)
Make the presentation in the next class.
Search information and prepare for a news report.
Fill the following table
A Quality Selection of Articles from American & English Newspapers &Magazines
Teaching Period 2
Think and Talk
• Are you interested in reading English newspapers and magazines?
What newspapers and magazines do you usually read in your leisure time?
Can you introduce some domestic English newspapers and magazines?
The standards of newspapers
      Once in a week at least.
Print by machine.
      Anyone can buy.
l   Cause public interest.
l   Certain effect.
l   Stability.
---The Press and America
Dr. Edwin Emery& Michael Emery
A newspaper is a publication containing news, information, and advertising.
General-interest newspapers often feature articles on political events, crime, business, art, entertainment, society and sports.
Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing columns that express the personal opinions of writers.
Supplementary sections may contain advertising, comics, and coupons.
Journalese新闻文体
English of a style featured by use of colloquialisms, superficiality of thought or reasoning, clever or sensational presentation of material, and evidence of haste in composition, considered characteristic of newspaper writing.
editorial opinions, criticism, persuasion and obituaries;
entertainment such as crosswords and horoscopes;
weather news and forecasts;
advice, gossip, food and other columns;
critical reviews of movies, plays and restaurants;
classified ads; display ads,
editorial cartoons and comic strips.
The German-language Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien, printed from 1605 onwards by Johann Carolus in Strasbourg, is often recognized as the first newspaper.
The first newspaper in China《中外新报》was published in 1858.
The first newspaper in France was published in 1631, La Gazette .
• Corante, or weekely newes from Italy, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Bohemia, France and the Low Countreys. was published in England in 1621.
• In Boston in 1690, Benjamin Harris published Public Occurrences Both Foreign and
Domestic.
Discussion.
• Reference:
Private Nature
The true purpose of newspaper is always
based on money, power, interest, benefits
and so on.
Especially right now, news has been taken
as something, which can be bought or sold
Classification of English Newspaper
content and style
• Quality Papers (高级报纸) :
known as “broadsheet” (大报), reports and observes the big shots all over the world, as well as information form finance, business, technology, science, education and culture. It features comments, editorials, letters from readers and columns.
• Popular Papers(大众化报纸):
known as “tabloid” (小报), supplies entertainment for killing time, just reporting the big shots briefly in short passages. It emphasizes
social news, features (特写)of human feelings,
anecdotes, sports and entertainments.
Design of Quality Newspaper
Newspaper Layout
Size of some USA newspapers (2009-2010)
1)The New York Times (Tuesday ,march 2.2010)
56cm/ 30.5cm
2).The Wall Street journal 58cm\30.5cm
3)The Philadelphia Daily News ( May 19,2009)
31 cm\ 28cm
4). The Examiner( Washington) (November 9,2009)
34cm\ 26.5cm
5).Express March 2,2010
30cm \26.5cm
Conclusion:
Design of Popular Newspaper
Emphasize on the design of the content. Usually block capitals for all headlines, matched with pictures and diagrams. News brief and short news is published. Language is easy to read and the design is varied and lovely.
The New York Times 纽约时报
The Washington Post 华盛顿邮报
The Los Angeles Times 旧金山时报
USA Today 今日美国报
The Wall Street Journal 华尔街报
The Christian Science Monitor基督科学导
International Herald Tribune国际先驱论坛报
The New York Times(纽约时报)
An American daily newspaper founded in 1851 and published in New York City.
The largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States.
The Times is owned by The New York Times Company, which publishes 18 other newspapers, including the International Herald Tribune and The Boston Globe. The company’s chairman is
Sulzberger, whose family has controlled the paper
since 1896.
The paper’s motto, as printed in the upper left-hand corner of the front page, is “All the News That’s Fit to Print”.
It is organized into sections: News, Opinions, Business, Arts, Science, Sports, Style, and Features.
In the absence of a major headline, the day’s most important story generally appears in the top-right hand column, on the main page.
The Times stayed with the eight-column format for several years after most papers switched to six columns, and it was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography.
The Times has won 101 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any news organization. Its web site was the most popular American online newspaper Web site as of December 2008, receiving more than 18 million unique visitors in that month.
The Times prices are: $2.00 daily city and nationwide, $5.00 Sunday in and around the city, $6.00 or $7.00 outside of the metropolitan area.
The Washington Post（华盛顿邮报）
The newspaper with the largest circulation in Washington, D.C. and is the city’s oldest paper, founded in 1877. Being located in the nation’s capital, it has a particular emphasis on national politics and international affairs.
The Post prices are: $0.75 Daily, $1.50 Sunday.
Maryland, and Virginia editions are printed for daily circulation.
The newspaper’s weekday printings include the main section, containing the first page, national, international news, business, politics, and editorials and opinions, followed by the sections on local news , sports, style and classifieds.
The Sunday edition includes the weekday sections as well as several weekly sections: Outlook (opinion and editorials), Style & Arts, Travel, Comics, TV Week, and the Washington Post Magazine.
The Wall Street Journal（华尔街日报）
An English-language international daily newspaper published by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corporation, in New York City, with Asian and European editions. It was the largest-circulation newspaper in the United States until November 2003, when it was surpassed by USA Today. It would later regain its number one position
in the United States in October of 2009.
The Journal is the largest newspaper in the United States by circulation.
According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, it has a circulation of 2.1 million copies, including 400,000 online paid subscriptions, as of March 2010 compared to USA Today’s 1.8 million.
Its main rival in the business newspaper sector is the London-based Financial Times, which also publishes several international editions.
The Journal newspaper primarily covers U.S. and international business and financial news and issues—the paper’s name comes from Wall Street, the street in New York City that is the heart of the financial district. It has been printed continuously sinc