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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考!,Pre-Reading Task,While-Reading Task,After-Reading Task,Unit 6:Text B,1/62,Pre-reading Task,Text-related Information,Pre-reading Activity,2/62,The Rise of The Internet,Instant Messaging,Message Board,Text-related Information,3/62,Text-related Information,The rise of the Internet:,Before the widespread internetworking that led to the Internet,most communication networks were limited by their nature to only allow communications between the stations on the local network and the prevalent computer networking method was based on the central mainframe computer model.Several research programs began to explore and articulate principles of networking between physically separate networks,leading to the development of the packet switching model of digital networking.These research efforts included those of the laboratories of Donald Davies(NPL),Paul Baran(RAND Corporation),and Leonard Kleinrock at MIT and at UCLA.The research led to the development of several packet-switched networking solutions in the late 1960s and 1970s,including ARPANET and the X.25 protocols.,4/62,Text-related Information,Additionally,public access and hobbyist networking systems grew in popularity,including unix-to-unit copy(UUCP)and FidoNet.They were however still disjointed separate networks,served only by limited gateways between networks.This led to the application of packet switching to develop a protocol for internetworking,where multiple different networks could be joined together into a super-framework of networks.By defining a simple common network system,the Internet Protocol Suite,the concept of the network could be separated from its physical implementation.This spread of internetworking began to form into the idea of a global network that would be called the Internet,based on standardized protocols officially implemented in 1982.,5/62,Text-related Information,Adoption and interconnection occurred quickly across the advanced telecommunication networks of the western world,and then began to penetrate into the rest of the world as it became the de-facto international standard for the global network.However,the disparity of growth between advanced nations and the third-world countries led to a digital divide that is still a concern today.,Following commercialization and introduction of privately run Internet service providers in the 1980s,and the Internets expansion for popular use in the 1990s,the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce.This includes the rise of near instant communication by electronic mail(e-mail),text based discussion forums,and the World Wide Web.Investor speculation in new markets provided by these innovations would also lead to the inflation and subsequent collapse of the Dot-com bubble.But despite this,the Internet continues to grow.,6/62,Text-related Information,Instant messaging:,Instant messaging (IM)is a collection,of technologies that create the possibility of,real-time text-based communication between,two or more participants over the Internet or,some form of internal network/intranet.It is important to understand that what separates chat and instant messaging from technologies such as e-mail is the perceived synchronicity of the communication by the user chat happens in real-time.Some systems allow the sending of messages to people not currently logged on(offline messages),thus removing much of the difference between Instant Messaging and e-mail.,7/62,Text-related Information,IM allows effective and efficient communication,featuring immediate receipt of acknowledgment or reply.In certain cases Instant Messaging involves additional features,which make it even more popular,i.e.to see the other party,e.g.by using web-cams,or to talk directly for free over the Internet.,8/62,Text-related Information,It is possible to save a conversation for later reference.Instant messages are typically logged in a local message history which closes the gap to the persistent nature of e-mails and facilitates quick exchange of information like URLs or document snippets(which can be unwieldy when communicated via telephone).,9/62,Text-related Information,Message board:,A message board or Internet forum,is an online discussion site.It originated as the modern equivalent of a traditional bulletin board,and a technological evolution of the dialup bulletin board system.From a technological standpoint,forums or boards are web applications managing user-generated content.,People participating in an Internet forum may cultivate social bonds and interest groups for a topic may form from the discussions.,10/62,Text-related Information,11/62,Text-related Information,12/62,Pre-reading Task,Exercise 1,The passage you are going to read is entitled“Life,Without the Internet?”Think about the questions,before reading the passage.,What changes has the Internet brought to our life?,2.What would life be like now without the Internet?,Now read the passage to learn the authors answer to the questions.,13/62,Text B,Detailed Study of the Text,While-Reading Task,14/62,Text B,Life Without the Internet?,1,The rise of the Internet has been probably one of the most revolutionary things that happened to our lives in recent history.While it,had been around,in one form or another for around two decades,it has only been in the last ten or so years that it has become an increasingly,omnipresent,part of many of our lives.,This is what one should keep in mind when considering what life would be like without the online presence that many of us rely on in some form or another.,While-Reading Task,15/62,2,In terms of,work and research,the Internet has made looking for things far more convenient than they were in the past.What used to take multiple trips to the library and hours of trying to,track books and articles down,can now be done to a large degree by sitting at a computer and looking through search engines.If you can find an article online,the time saved can be immeasurable.In addition,without the Internet,the ability to find sources for a term paper or for some business proposal would often be limited to what you can find in your immediate surroundings.Thus,if you lived in a largely rural area that didnt have a lot of bookstores or libraries,then there was a chance that what you could find and examine would be a lot less,diverse,than people in a more diverse cultural and literary environment.,While-Reading Task,16/62,3,In terms of retail,the Internet has made shopping much easier for many people.Being able to purchase something online potentially means more options are available to find something than going to the mall or some store in your town could provide.Also,the ability to ship online anywhere makes the process of getting gifts easier and possibly saves time that was previously spent parking your car or wrapping a gift.Many people around the world shop online for various reasons ranging from a dislike of crowds at the mall to just being too busy to shop any other way.,While-Reading Task,17/62,4,When,pondering,what life would be like without the Internet,the most marked change would have to be in how we communicate.Unfortunately,it is here that things may have changed for the worse.It is easy to discuss the ease of using e-mail and various forms of instant messaging when trying to contact people.However,in its place it can be stated that its possible weve lost touch with how to communicate in person.The,anonymity,of the online world means debates can,potentially,get nastier without ever having to consider the other persons argument.This is present in various message boards where being attacked for your beliefs can be done without fear of,reprisal,since you dont always have to give your name.,While-Reading Task,18/62,In addition,the,reliance,on online and text messaging rather than actually calling someone or going to talk with them in person has also made it harder to read people since decisions can be made without having to see how someone reacts to your proposal.Whereas in the past conversation and communication was more instant,in that,you actually got to hear the persons voice when talking with them on the phone or when in a live actual conversation,the Internet has managed to create a world where one no longer has to hear a voice or see a face to,get a message across,.With this,the personal touch seems to vanish,in the midst of,relatively generic emails and text messages that,while a great convenience in some circumstances,sometimes lack the soul of a hand written letter or a good conversation in person or on the phone.,While-Reading Task,19/62,5,So when one speculates on life without the Internet how should they proceed?That is a difficult question to answer because,even though there are still a number of homes without computers,going online has become an almost essential part of present day human existence.Older readers of this article may remember an era when computers were rare things only existing in schools,offices,and government buildings.For many,that is an era long since gone.Like the computer,the Internet has become part of our culture in a way that suggests that many of us would be uncertain how to live our lives without access to it.,While-Reading Task,20/62,While-Reading Task,In time,we would probably survive life without the Net(much as we did before it became the necessity we think it is now)but for a while it would be difficult,especially amongst those people who really did grow up with the online presence.The Internet has become a large part of our society in the last few years and that is unlikely to go away.What we need is to realize that its important to balance the online world with communication in the real world.It is that connection that we seem to be losing touch with in our current technological age.,21/62,Although it has been in existence in a certain form for about 20 years,it is only in the last ten or so years that the Internet has becoming a more and more important part of many peoples lives.,While it had been around in one form or another for around two decades,it has only been in the last ten or so years that it has become an increasingly omnipresent part of many of our lives.,22/62,e.g.,That jokes been around for years.,Make no mistake gaffes have been around for generations.,be around:,to exist,23/62,e.g.,Police were virtually omnipresent on the city streets.,Digital technologies have become an omnipresent part of our lives.,omnipresent:,n.,present everywhere at all times,24/62,When we imagine what life would be like without the Internet,we should remember that many of us rely on it in some form or another.,This is what one should keep in mind when considering what life would be like without the online presence that many of us rely on in some form or another.,25/62,e.g.,Losing privacy is a major concern that consumers are worried about in terms of shopping online.,The job is great in terms of salary,but it has its disadvantages.,in terms of:,used to show what aspect of a subject,you are talking about or how you are,thinking about it,26/62,In the past,to find books and articles,it would take several trips to the library and many hours as well.Now we can sit at a computer to find books and articles by using search engines.,What used to take multiple trips to the library and hours of trying to track books and articles down can now be done to a large degree by sitting at a computer and looking through search engines.,27/62,e.g.,I finally managed to track down the book you wanted in a shop near the station.,The police have failed to track down any of the people responsible for the attack.,track down:,to find someone or something that is difficult,to find by searching or looking for information,in several different places,28/62,you can save a great deal of time.,If you describe something as immeasurable,you are emphasizing how great it is.,e.g.,I felt an immeasurable love for him.,His contribution is immeasurable,almost impossible to put into words.,the time saved can be immeasurable.,29/62,And besides,if there were no Internet,we would have to look for sources for a term paper or for some business proposal only in the place where we were.,In addition,without the Internet,the ability to find sources for a term paper or for some business proposal would often be limited to what you can find in your immediate surroundings.,30/62,then it was likely that the sources you could find and examine for your term paper or for your business proposal would be limited and people in a more diverse cultural and literary environment would find a lot more different sources.,then there was a chance that what you could find and examine would be a lot less diverse than people in a more diverse cultural and literary environment.,31/62,e.g.,In India,the use of the Internet is less diverse than in the West.,It is vital that people get information on local issues from diverse sources.,diverse:,v.,very different from each other,32/62,If you are able to shop online,you are most likely to have more options to find something than you can have when shopping in the mall or some store in your town.,Being able to purchase something online potentially means more options are available to find something than going to the mall or some store in your town could provide.,33/62,When you are thinking about what life would be like if there were no Internet,the most obvious change would have to be the way we communicate.,When pondering what life would be like without the Internet,the most marked change would have to be in how we communicate.,34/62,e.g.,While workers worried about their jobs,customers pondered whether they would remain with the bank.,He continued to ponder the problem as he walked home.,ponder:,v.,to spend time thinking carefully and seriously,about a problem,a difficult question,or,something that has happened,35/62,It is a pity that things have become worse in the way we communicate.,Unfortunately,it is here that things may have changed for the worse.,36/62,In case of communication with other people,it is convenient to do so through e-mail and different forms of instant messaging/it is easy for us to talk with the convenience of using e-mail and different forms of instant messaging.However,just because of its convenience,we are likely to become disconnected from face to face communication.,It is easy to discuss the ease of using e-mail and various forms of instant messaging when trying to contact people.However,in its place it can be stated that its possible weve lost touch with how to communicate in person.,37/62,Because of the anonymity of the online world,people can express their views without ever having to consider the other persons argument,thus it is likely to make debates online become more unpleasant.,The anonymity of the online world means debates can potentially get nastier without ever having to consider the other pe
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