资源描述
Ode to the West Wind
西风颂
Ø 原译文
Percy Bysshe Shelley
1、
O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
Pestilence-stricken multitudes:O thou
Who chariltest to their dark wintry bed
The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
Each like a corpse within its grave, until
Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
With living hues and odors plain and hill:
Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
Destroyer and presserver; hear, oh, hear!
2 、
Thou on whose stream, 'mid the steep sky's commotion,
Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shedd,
Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
angels of rain and lightning:there are spread
On the blue su***ce of thine airy surge,
Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
Of the horizon to the Zenith's height,
The locks of the approaching storm.Thou dirge
Of the dying year, to which this closing night
Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,
Vaulted with all thy congregated might
Of vapoursr, from whose solid atmosphere
Black rain, and fire , and hail will burst :oh, hear!
3 、
Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
Lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams
Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
And saw in sleep old palaces and fowers
Quivering within the eave's intenser day,
All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
So sweet, the sense faints picturing them!Thou
For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
And tremble and esepoil themselves:oh, hear!
4 、
If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee:
A wave to pant beneath thy power , and share
The impulse of thy strength, only less free
Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
I were as im my boyhood, and could be
The comrade of thy wanderigs over Heaven,
As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
Oh, lift me as a wave , a leaf, a cloud!
I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed
One too lke thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.
5 、
Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
What if my leavers are falling like its own!
The tmult of thy mighty harmonies
Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
Like witheered leaves to quicken a new birth!
And , by the incantation of this verse,
Scatter, is from an unextinguished hearth
Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
Be through my lips to unawakened earth
The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
If Winter comes , can Spring be far behind?
杨熙龄 译
1
你是秋的呼吸,啊,奔放的西风;
你无形地莅临时,残叶们逃亡,
它们像回避巫师的成群鬼魂:
黑的、惨红的、铅灰的,还有蜡黄,
患瘟疫而死掉的一大群。啊,你,
送飞翔的种籽到它们的冬床,
它们躺在那儿,又暗、又冷、又低,
一个个都像尸体埋葬于墓中,
直到明春你青空的妹妹吹起
她的号角,唤醒了大地的迷梦,
驱羊群似地驱使蕾儿吐馨,
使漫山遍野铺上了姹紫嫣红;
你周流上下四方,奔放的精灵,
是破坏者,又是保护者;听呀听!
2
你在动乱的太空中掀起激流,
那上面飘浮着落叶似的云块,
掉落自天与海的错综的枝头:
它们是传送雨和闪电的神差。
你那气流之浪涛的碧蓝海面,
从朦胧的地平线到天的顶盖,
飘荡着快来的暴风雨的发辫,
像美娜德头上金黄色的乱发
随风飘动;你为这将逝的残年,
唱起挽歌;待到夜的帷幕落下,
将成为这一年的巨冢的圆顶,
你用凝聚的云雾为它作支架,
而从这浓云密雾中,将会涌迸:
电火、冰雹和黑的雨水;啊你听!
3
你也把青青的地中海水唤醒,
他原在贝宜湾的一个浮岛边,
沉醉于他夏日幻梦里的美景,
被一圈圈晶莹的涟漪所催眠,
他梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁
荡漾于更明朗皎洁的水中天,
满披着翡翠似的苔藓和花朵,
花朵多芬芳,那气息使人醉迷;
浩瀚的大西洋本来平静无波,
随着你的脚步而裂开;在海底,
那些枝叶没有浆汁的湿树林,
还有海花,听到你来临的声息,
便突然地变色,它们大吃一惊,
瑟瑟地发抖,纷纷调谢。啊你听!
4
如果我是任你吹的落叶一片;
如果我是随着你飞翔的云块;
如果是波浪,在你威力下急喘,
享受你神力的推动,自由自在,
几乎与你一样,啊,你难制的力!
再不然,如果能回返童年时代,
常陪伴着你在太空任意飘飞,
以为要比你更神速也非幻想;
那我就不致处此窘迫境地,
向你苦苦求告:啊,快使我高扬,
像一片树叶、一朵云、一阵浪涛!
我碰上人生的荆棘,鲜血直淌!
时光的重负困着我,把我压倒,
我太像你了:难驯、迅速而骄傲。
5
把我当作你的琴,当作那树丛,
纵使我的叶子凋落又何妨?
在你怒吼咆哮的雄浑交响中,
将有树林和我的深沉的歌唱,
我们将唱出秋声,婉转而忧愁。
精灵呀,让我变成你,猛烈、刚强!
把我僵死的思想驱散在宇宙,
就像一片片枯叶,以鼓舞新生;
请你听从我这诗篇中的符咒,
把我的话传播给全世界的人,
犹如从不灭的炉中吹出火花!
请向未醒的大地,借我的嘴唇,
像号角般吹出一声声预言吧!
如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
Ø Background 创作背景
一个秋日的午后,诗人雪莱在意大利佛罗伦萨近郊的树林里漫步。突然狂风大作,乌云翻滚。到了傍晚,暴风雨夹带着冰雹雷电倾盆而下,荡涤着大地,震撼着人间。大自然威武雄壮的交响乐,触发了诗人的灵感,他奋笔疾书,谱写了不朽的抒情短诗《西风颂》。这是1819年的事情。
当时,欧洲各国的工人运动和革命运动风起云涌。英国工人阶级为了争取自身的生存权利,正同资产阶级展开英勇的斗争,捣毁机器和罢工事件接连不断。1819年8月,曼彻斯特八万工人举行了声势浩大的游行示威,反动当局竟出动军队野蛮镇压,制造了历史上著名的彼得卢大屠杀事件。雪莱满怀悲愤,写下了长诗《暴政的假面游行》,对资产阶级政府的血腥暴行提出严正抗议。法国自拿破仑帝制崩溃、波旁王朝复辟以后,阶级矛盾异常尖锐,广大人民正酝酿着反对封建复辟势力的革命斗争。拿破仑帝国的解体也大大促进了西班牙人民反对异族压迫和封建专制的革命运动,1819年1月,终于响起了武装起义的枪声。就在武装起义的前夕,雪莱给西班牙人民献上了《颂歌》一首,为西班牙革命吹响了进军的号角。在意大利和希腊,民族解放运动方兴未艾,雪莱的《西风颂》发表不久,这两个国家也先后爆发了轰轰烈烈的武装起义。面对着欧洲山雨欲来风满楼的革命形势,雪莱为之鼓舞,为之振奋,诗人胸中沸腾着炽热的革命激情。这时,在一场暴风骤雨的自然景象的触发下,这种难以抑制的革命激情立刻冲出胸膛,一泻千里,化作激昂慷慨的歌唱。
Ø 诗歌赏析
Analysis of Percy Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind”
In 'Ode to the West Wind,' Percy Bysshe Shelley tries to show his desire for transcendence, by explaining that his thoughts and ideas, like the 'winged seeds' are trapped. The West Wind acts as a force for change and forward movement in the human and natural world.
Shelley sees winter not just as the last season of vegetation but as the last phase of life. Shelley observes the changing of the weather from autumn to winter and its effects on the environment. Shelley is trying to show that a man’s ideas can spread and live on beyond his lifetime by having the wind carry his 'dead thoughts' which through destruction, will lead to a rebirth in the imagination, and in the natural world. Shelley begins his poem by addressing the 'Wild West Wind'. He then introduces the theme of death and compares the dead leaves to 'ghosts'. The imagery of 'Pestilence-stricken multitudes' makes the reader aware that Shelley is addressing more than a pile of leaves. His claustrophobic mood is shown when he talks about the 'wintry bed' and 'The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low/ Each like a corpse within its grave, until/ Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow'. In the first line, Shelley used the phrase 'winged seeds' which presents i
. . .
The 'closing night' is used also to mean the final night. The 'pumice' shows destruction and creation because when the volcano erupts it destroys. This acts as an introduction and a foreshadow of what is to come later. ' also helps the reader prepare for the climax which Shelley intended. It seems that it is only in his death that the 'Wild Spirit' could be lifted 'as a wave, a leaf, a cloud' to blow free in the 'Wild West Wind'. The 'pumice' is probably Shelley's best example of rebirth. As the rising action continues, Shelley talks about the 'Mediterranean' and its 'summer dreams'. Again, he uses soft sounding words to calm the reader into the same dream-like state of the Mediterranean. He then writes like a mourning song 'Of the dying year, to which this closing night/ Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre/ Vaulted with all they congregated might'. Percy sees his ‘dome’ as a volcano and when the 'dome' does 'burst,' it will act as a 'Destroyer and Preserver' and creator. In 'Ode to the West Wind,' Shelley uses the wind to represent driving change and a carrier for his ideas.
这是一首脍炙人口、含蕴深刻的写景名篇。诗人以饱含激情的笔触抒写了秋之生命的呼吸——狂暴的西风,创造出既是破坏者又是保护者的鲜明的西风形象。感情真挚磅,格调高昂激越。
雪莱自己说:“构思和基本写成这首诗,是在佛罗伦萨阿诺河岸的一个树林里,当日气温和煦,清新,而这场暴风正集聚水气,倾泻下秋雨。如我所预料,在日落时分,狂风大作,雨雹如注,伴随了西萨尔滨地区特有的那种壮观的雷电。”由此,可以知道,那狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸,是诗人亲自感受过的,正因为如此,诗人笔下的西风才如此真实、壮观!
诗作共分五大部分。前三部分主要从正面直接描绘西风,写它给大地、天空、海洋带来的天翻地覆的变化,后两部分主要抒写诗人由此而产生的情感。
第一部分,以“狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸”领起,既为全诗定下一个激昂的调子,又以速描式的笔法几笔勾画出西风的精神风貌。接下去以四节的篇幅描写西风对大地的冲击:枯死的落叶被“你”横扫;希望的种子被“你”送吹到冬床上,只等春天到来,昏醒的一切从梦中惊起,漫山遍野,将是姹紫嫣红,芳香扑鼻!诗人最后以“不羁的精灵啊,你无处不行/破坏者兼保护者”总束第一部分,为西风的形象再次描上浓浓的一笔。
第二部分,诗人转换视点,转写西风吹卷下天空的变化:天空因为“你”而喧哗;流云像大地的碎叶一样被撕扯,有如狂女的头发,在“你”青色的气浪上到处垂挂,从至高的天顶一直到漠漠的天涯;“你”又把蒸气凝聚,如此坚实浩大,使夜厦的顶盖承受着“你”的全部重压,最终在厦顶轰然爆炸——黑雨、电火和冰雹一齐迸发!
第三部分,转写海洋。地中海万顷碧波,正沉醉于往日的风景如画和香气弥漫,“你”一下把它的美梦吹断;大西洋为“你”让路,劈裂成波的峡谷,浪的深渊;那海底的苔花泥藻一个个惊慌失措,吓得打颤!
诗人以豪迈奔放的激情,任想象自由地驰骋,以三大部分15节诗的篇幅,诉诸于多种感官抒写出了西风的狂暴、迅疾、无所畏惧。赞美他以摧枯拉朽之势横扫残枝败叶,赞美他以磅之气驱散空中的流云,召来冰雹、大雨和闪电,为黑暗的世界唱出葬歌;赞美他把大海唤醒,掀起汹涌的海浪,震撼海底的花草树木。他是破坏者,同时又是保护者,他到处播种生命的种子,催促万紫千红春的到来。
这是自然的风暴,也是革命的风暴!诗人预言了自然的风暴,也预言了革命的风暴!由此,诗的最后两部分抒发了诗人的革命豪情,由自然之景描写转入抒发感情。
诗作的第四部分,诗人以“唉,假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起”领起,连用几个假设,表达出诗人对现实、对自己的不满,“我跌在生活底荆棘上,我流血了”;“这种岁月的重轭所制伏的生命/原是和你一样的:骄傲、轻捷而不驯”。这脱口而出的诗句是诗人发自肺腑的心声!
第五部分在意义上延承第四部分,又有一些递进。因为对现实、对自己不满,所以诗人便祈求西风“把我当作你的竖琴吧!”给予我“狂暴的精神”!“让我们合一”!吹起我枯死的思想,并把我的预言向世界传送:冬天已经来了,春天还会遥远吗?诗作在诗人对革命与未来美好的展望中戛然而止,读罢令人卓立风发,倍受鼓舞!
在写作上,诗作以象征手法见长。狂暴的西风既是自然界的风,更是革命的风暴,诗人明写自然之风,本意却在呼唤、盼望革命的风暴,象征手法使西风这一意象更加饱满而意蕴深刻。此外,诗作各部分重复“哦,你听”,重章复唱,既为了引起读者的参与,又使作品表现出一种跳动的节奏感、韵律感!
名作赏析
《西风颂》是欧洲诗歌史上的艺术珍品。全诗共五节,由五首十四行诗组成。从形式上看,五个小节格律完整,可以独立成篇。从内容来看,它们又熔为一体,贯穿着一个中心思想。第一节描写西风扫除林中残叶,吹送生命的种籽。第二节描写西风搅动天上的浓云密雾,呼唤着暴雨雷电的到来。第三节描写西风掀起大海的汹涌波涛,摧毁海底花树。三节诗三个意境,诗人幻想的翅膀飞翔在树林、天空和大海之间,飞翔在现实和理想之间,形象鲜明,想象丰富,但中心思想只有一个,就是歌唱西风扫除腐朽、鼓舞新生的强大威力。从第四节开始,由写景转向抒情,由描写西风的气势转向直抒诗人的胸臆,抒发诗人对西风的热爱和向往,达到情景交融的境界,而中心思想仍然是歌唱西风。因此,结构严谨,层次清晰,主题集中,是《西风颂》一个突出的艺术特点。
其次,《西风颂》采用的是象征手法,整首诗从头至尾环绕着秋天的西风作文章,无论是写景还是抒情,都没有脱离这个特定的描写对象,没有使用过一句政治术语和革命口号。然而读了这首短诗以后,我们却深深感受到,雪莱在歌唱西风,又不完全是歌唱西风,诗人实质上是通过歌唱西风来歌唱革命。诗中的西风、残叶、种籽、流云、暴雨雷电、大海波涛、海底花树等等,都不过是象征性的东西,它们包含着深刻的寓意,大自然风云激荡的动人景色,乃是人间蓬勃发展的革命斗争的象征性反映。从这个意义上说,《西风颂》不是风景诗,而是政治抒情诗,它虽然没有一句直接描写革命,但整首诗都是在反映革命。尤其是结尾脍炙人口的诗句,既概括了自然现象,也深刻地揭示了人类社会的历史规律,指出了革命斗争经过艰难曲折走向胜利的光明前景,寓意深远,余味无穷,一百多年来成了人们广泛传诵的名言警句。
作者简介
雪莱(1792—1822),19世纪英国著名浪漫主义诗人。出生在一个古老而保守的贵族家庭。少年时在皇家的伊顿公学就读。1810年入牛津大学学习,开始追求民主自由。1811年,诗人因为写作哲学论文推理上帝的不存在,宣传无神论,被学校开除;也因此得罪父亲,离家独居。1812年,诗人又偕同新婚的妻子赴爱尔兰参加那儿人们反抗英国统治的斗争,遭到英国统治阶级的忌恨。1814年,诗人与妻子离婚,与玛丽小姐结合。英国当局趁机对诗人大加诽谤中伤,诗人愤然离开祖国,旅居意大利。1822年7月8日,诗人出海航行遭遇暴风雨,溺水而亡。诗人一生创作了大量优秀的抒情诗及政治诗,《致云雀》、《西风颂》、《自由颂》、《解放了的普罗米修斯》、《暴政的假面游行》等诗都一直为人们传唱不衰。
展开阅读全文