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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,第1页,第2页,Unit Overview,By studying this unit,you are expected to:,learn the common types of company structure;,describe a companys structure;,know how to write an e-mail to introduce a new,colleague.,Unit 2 Company Structure,第3页,Unit 2 Company Structure,第4页,Unit 2 Company Structure,Task 1,Task 2,第5页,In a company there are various departments with different functions.Discuss with your classmates the specific function of each of the following departments.,Task 1,1,2,3,4,5,6,Unit 2 Company Structure,第6页,The Human Resources Department(,人力资源部,)is responsible for the management of a companys workforce,and oversees the practices and policies that affect the organizations employees.It is responsible for the attraction,selection,training,assessment,and rewarding of employees;it oversees organizational leadership and culture,and ensures compliance with employment and labor laws.,Unit 2 Company Structure,第7页,The Customer Care Department(,客户服务部,),also called Customer Service Department,is to attract and retain customers.People in this department consult customers about their needs via e-mail,telephone or in person.They handle and resolve customer complaints,and conduct customer satisfaction surveys on a particular product or service.,Unit 2 Company Structure,第8页,The Marketing Department (,市场部,)creates value for customers and b uilds strong customer relationships in order to get value from customers in return.Its job includes identifying target customers,clarifying customers needs,keeping track of the trends of a particular field,and developing product promotion and advertising activities.,Unit 2 Company Structure,第9页,The Board of Directors(,董事会,)is very influential in a company.It decides the direction the company heads for and is directly accountable to the share holders.Each year the company will hold an annual general meeting(A G M)at which the directors make a report to the shareholders on the performance of the company this year.,Unit 2 Company Structure,第10页,The Public Relations Department(,公关系部,)is responsible for giving a good Picture of the company to the public.It manages the public relations strategy,takes care of the companys relationship with the mass media,and provides the public with necessary information so as to maintain a good relation with the public.,Unit 2 Company Structure,第11页,The Production Department,(,生产部,)is to turn input (e.g.raw materials,labor,etc)into output(goods),and to insure that the goods meet the customers needs.,Unit 2 Company Structure,第12页,Unit 2 Company Structure,Task 2,The following are some common positions in most companies.Put them into Chinese.,1.CEO(Chief Executive Officer),2.CFO(Chief Finance Officer),3.Sales Director,4.Personnel Manager,5.Public Relations Manager,6.Chief Accountant,首席执行官,首席财务官,销售总监,人事经理,公关经理,总会计师,第13页,Unit 2 Company Structure,Starting Point,Text,Understanding the Text,Activity 1,Dealing with Language,Focusing On Grammar,Setting,Activity 2,第14页,The HR Department is offering job orientation to the new employees.On the firstday,the employees get to learn about different types of company structure.,Setting:,Unit 2 Company Structure,第15页,Starting Point,Task 1,A companys choice of its structure is usually affected by many factors.The following are some.Can you add some more?,Unit 2 Company Structure,1.Business scalehow large the company is,2.Staff numberthe number of employees,3.Type of ownershipwho owns the company,4.Stage of developmenthow well is the company developed under,certain structure,5.Type of businessthe particular field which the business specializes in.,6.Development strategyhow a company is going to position itself in the market,in terms of the products or services it provides.,7.Target marketthe target customers needs.Changes in the target market,may also cause changes in the companys structure.,For example,the structure of a company providing traveling services may differ a lot from that of a big-brand restaurant.,For example,many fast developing companies tend to be small and flexible so that they can react to changes in the business environment quickly.,第16页,Unit 2 Company Structure,Company Structure,A company can be organized in many different ways,depending on,its goals.The structure of a company will,determine,the ways in which it operates and,performs,.Here are some of the most common types of company structures.,第17页,An,Entrepreneurial Structure,is most common in small companies.The company structure is totally,centralized,.This means that the leader,who is usually also the owner,makes all the key decisions.Communication between the leader and employees is,via,face-to-face conversations.It is particularly useful for new businesses as it,enables,the leader to control growth and development.,Unit 2 Company Structure,第18页,Unit 2 Company Structure,A,Functional Structure,is best suited to large companies so that costs can be kept low.Employees perform,specialized,tasks.,For instance,activities related to production,marketing,and,finance,will,be separated into,three departments.,第19页,However,the marketing department might include,sales,advertising and,promotions,.This,leads to,an efficient business where costs are kept low within each department.However,it could also lead to a lack of communication within the company,making the company,inflexible,and slow to,respond,when changes are,required,.,Unit 2 Company Structure,第20页,Unit 2 Company Structure,A,Divisional Structure,divides the company according to the type of work,region,or product.,Each division contains all the necessary resources and functions within it.An automobile company with a,divisional,structure might have one division for sports cars,another for,subcompact,cars,and a third for,sedans,.,第21页,Each,division,is responsible for its products and has its own,resources,such as finance,marketing and equipment.This structure allows,flexibility,and a quick,response,to changes in the market place.,Unit 2 Company Structure,第22页,Unit 2 Company Structure,A,Matrix Structure,groups employees by both function and product.A simple example of a,matrix,structure would be when,individuals,within the company are brought together in order to complete a particular project or task.The individuals are chosen for their,particular,skills and knowledge according to the needs of the project.The strength of the Matrix Structure,lies with,the sharing of information and,personnel,.,第23页,In general,it has become increasingly clear that through forces of,globalization,competition and more,demanding,customers,the structure of many companies has become flatter and less,hierarchical,.,Unit 2 Company Structure,第24页,企业结构,依据发展目标不一样，企业能够选择不一样组织结构。而企业组织结构又将决定其运作经营模式。以下是几个最常见企业结构。,Unit 2 Company Structure,第25页,创业型结构在小规模企业中最为常见。创业型结构管理是完全集权化，这意味着全部主要决定都是由企业领导者，通常也是企业全部者作出，上司与员工之间经过面对面谈话进行沟通。这种结构于领导者掌握企业成长与发展情况，对新企业尤其有利。,Unit 2 Company Structure,第26页,职能制结构有利于低成本运作，大型企业尤其适合。在这种结构下，员工各自执行专门工作任务。比如，生产、市场营销和财务分属三个部门。,Unit 2 Company Structure,第27页,而市场营销部门则又可能包含销售、广告和推销工作。这么一来，各部门能够在保持低成本前提下实现高效率运作。然而，这也会造成企业内部缺乏交流，在需要进行调整时，缺乏灵活性，反应迟缓。,Unit 2 Company Structure,第28页,在部门制结构下，企业部门依据工作种类、区域划分或产品类型进行划分，每个部门都拥有一切必需资源和功效。采取部门制结构汽车企业可能会为跑车、超小型汽车和小轿车分别设置部门。,Unit 2 Company Structure,第29页,每个部门负责其特定产品，且各自拥有财政、市场和设备等方面资源。采取这种结构企业在面临市场调整时愈加灵活，反应快速。,Unit 2 Company Structure,第30页,矩阵式结构依据功效和产品划分员工工作。举一个关于矩阵式结构简单例子：为了完成某个项目或任务，依据项目需求，企业会从内部（各部门）挑选有相关技能和知识员工（组成项目组）。矩阵式结构优势在于它实现了内部信息和人力资源共享,。,Unit 2 Company Structure,第31页,总而言之，在全球化时尚下，竞争日趋激烈，消费者需求日益增加，我们越来越清楚地看到，许多企业组织结构正变得更为精炼简单，等级概念也越来越淡化。,Unit 2 Company Structure,第32页,Unit 2 Company Structure,determine,v,.,要求；决定,Social status is largely,determined,by the occupation,of the main breadwinner.,What,determines,whether you are a career success,or a failure?,determination,She reaffirmed her,determination,to over come all,difficulties that would occur in the days to come.,e.g.,e.g.,第33页,Unit 2 Company Structure,perform,v,.,运作,All systems on the space shuttle appear to be,performing,well.,e.g.,When theres snow and ice,hows this car going to,perform,?,第34页,Unit 2 Company Structure,centralize,v,.集权；把（权利）集中,Power tends to,centralize,in the hands of those,who use it.,centralization,n,.,集权化,Nowhere in Britain has bureaucratic,centralization,proceeded with more pace than in Scotland.,e.g.,Attempts to,centralize,the economy have failed.,e.g.,第35页,Unit 2 Company Structure,via,prep.,经过；借助于,Translators can now work from home,via,electronic,mail systems.,Its easy to check your bank account,via,the Internet,.,prep.,经由；经过,Mr.Baker will return home via Belgium and France.,e.g.,e.g.,第36页,Unit 2 Company Structure,enable,v.,使能够；使有机会,The goal of the training is to,enable,employees to work,as a team.,e.g.,The money will,enable,us to hire more workers.,第37页,Unit 2 Company Structure,specialized,adj.,专门；专业,The agency helps businesses fill highly,specialized,positions.,e.g.,marketing,n.,市场营销,Holbrook has a position in,marketing,for a large,department store.,The,Specialized,assets do not transfer easily.,e.g.,第38页,Unit 2 Company Structure,finance,n.,财政；财务；金融,Finance,is usually the biggest problem for students.,e.g.,v.,为,提供（筹措）资金,More than,100,000 was donated to help,finance,Ryans heart transplant.,e.g.,We,financed,the new house through the credit union.,第39页,Unit 2 Company Structure,sales,n.,推销活动,Those in a business who are responsible for,sales.,e.g.,Many stores have started their January,sales,a month early.,第40页,Unit 2 Company Structure,promotion,n.,促销；宣传,During 1984,Remington spent a lot of money on advertising and,promotion,.,e.g.,n.,晋升；升职,Cooper announced the,promotion,of Moore to vice,chairman.,e.g.,第41页,Unit 2 Company Structure,inflexible,adj.,不易改变,Charles was a man of settled habits and,inflexible,routine.,e.g.,The proposed law is poorly written and,inflexible,.,e.g.,respond,v.,做出反应；回应,How did they,respond,to your criticism?,The patient,responded,well to surgery.,第42页,Unit 2 Company Structure,require,v.,需要,e.g.,This will,require,some clear discussions and careful negotiation.,The job,requires,a college degree and a knowledge of computers.,第43页,Unit 2 Company Structure,divisional,adj.,部门,The team won the,divisional,championship.,e.g.,n.,部门,The companys Credit Data,Division,is based in Orange County.,e.g.,division,第44页,Unit 2 Company Structure,divisional,adj.,部门,The team won the,divisional,championship.,e.g.,n.,部门,e.g.,The companys Credit Data,Division,is based in Orange County.,division,第45页,Unit 2 Company Structure,region,n.,地域；区域,Snow is expected in mountain,regions.,e.g.,Tax incentives would be used to attract firms to the,regions,away from the South-East.,adj.,地域；区域,e.g.,regional,It is not surprising to find,regional,variations in unemployment.,第46页,Unit 2 Company Structure,resource,n.,(,人力、财力、物力）等资源,Today we are overpopulated,straining the earths,resources.,e.g.,The police used every available,resource,to track down the killer.,第47页,subcompact,n.,超小型汽车,Plans call for the Swatch mobile to be 20%smaller than a typical,subcompact,able to wheel into a parking space sideways,cost about$10,000 and reach 90 miles an hour.,e.g.,sedan,n.,厢式小客车；小汽车,A 10%price reduction for,sedan,-cars is forecast in the near future.,e.g.,Unit 2 Company Structure,第48页,Unit 2 Company Structure,flexibility,n.,灵活；变通,The new software package combines power with maximum,flexibility,.,e.g.,Being self-employed allowed him the,flexibility,to work unusual hours.,第49页,Unit 2 Company Structure,response,n.,反应；回应,The public,response,to the new model has been very positive.,e.g.,She said she was writing in,response,to(=as a response to)an ad in the paper.,第50页,Unit 2 Company Structure,matrix,n.,矩阵,The Ansoff,Matrix,illustrates major business strategies which have a strong impact on marketing strategy.,e.g.,n.,网络；网状物,Birmingham has been described as a,matrix,of small workshops.,e.g.,第51页,Unit 2 Company Structure,individual,n.,个体；个人,They wait for the group to decide rather than making,individual,decisions.,e.g.,Divide the vegetables among four,individual,dishes.,第52页,Unit 2 Company Structure,particular,adj.,详细；特定；某一,Fatigue is a,particular,problem for women.,e.g.,n.,全体职员,All,personnel,must attend the meeting.,e.g.,Particular,emphasis will be placed on oral language training.,personnel,第53页,Unit 2 Company Structure,globalization,n.,全球化,We need to take a more positive stance towards,globalization,.,e.g.,Trends toward the,globalization,of industry have dramatically affected food production in California.,第54页,Unit 2 Company Structure,demanding,adj.,（人）苛求,He,found he could no longer cope with his,demanding,job.,e.g.,v.,要求；需要,I,demand,to know whats going on here!,e.g.,Her boss was very,demanding,but appreciative of Christinas talents.,demand,第55页,Unit 2 Company Structure,hierarchical,adj.,等级制度,It is a very,hierarchical,company and theres little place for individual initiative.,e.g.,n.,网络；网状物,A,hierarchy,of ideas and beliefs involves organizing them into a system or structure.,e.g.,The order of The Republic throughout is architectonic and,hierarchical,.,hierarchy,第56页,Unit 2 Company Structure,depend on,视,而定；取决（于）,He,depended on,his writing for his income.,Admission to the university,depends,solely,on,a,student,s performance.,e.g.,第57页,Unit 2 Company Structure,for instance,比如,Let your child make some of the small decisions,concerning his daily routine.,For instance,allow him to,choose what clothes he wears at the weekend.,Old English was in many ways similar toModern German.,For instance,the nouns,adjectives,and verbs were,highly inflected.,e.g.,第58页,Unit 2 Company Structure,separate into,把,分开,The police wanted to,separate,them,i,nto,smaller,groups.,Wallerstein,s work can be,separated into,three main,component themes.,e.g.,第59页,Unit 2 Company Structure,lead to,造成,Ethnic tensions among the republics could,lead to,civil war.,He warned yesterday that a pay rise for teachers would,lead to,job cuts.,e.g.,第60页,Unit 2 Company Structure,lie with,在于；取决于,In the last analysis,the responsibility for this failure,must,lie with,the chief engineer.,The fault does not,lie with,the government officials.,e.g.,第61页,Unit 2 Company Structure,Understanding the Text,Write down the appropriate type of company structure under each chart according to the text.,Task 2,Functional Structure,Entrepreneurial,Structure,Matrix Structure,Divisional Structure,第62页,Unit 2 Company Structure,Task,3,Answer the questions with the information you find in the text.,Which of the four types of company structure is the most common in small companies?,Entrepreneurial Structure,.,The disadvantage is a lack of communication within the company,making the company inflexible and slow to respond when changes are required.,1.,2.What is the disadvantage of Functional Structure?,第63页,Unit 2 Company Structure,3.What is the advantage of Divisional Structure?,This structure
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