中考英语-定语从句讲解.pdf

定语从句定语从句 请看下面的句子：请看下面的句子：I want to know the boy who is the tallest.句子做定语修饰句子做定语修饰 boy（一）概念（一）概念:定语从句：定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。（2）定语从句的分类定语从句的分类、限定性定语从句：、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。e.g:This is the book that/which I want.、非限定性定语从句：、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。e.g:Mr.Green，who is watching TV，is my uncle.（三）（三）(限定性限定性)定语从句的结构定语从句的结构Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 which,who,whom,whose,that where,when,why（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）Mary is a girl.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子She has long hair.思路：留（保留先行词）思路：留（保留先行词）-舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）-替（用关系词代替舍去部分）替（用关系词代替舍去部分）Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.请把下列句子二句合一请把下列句子二句合一 1.I saw the man.He closed the door 2.The girl is happy.She won the race 3.The man called the police.His wallet was stolen （五）（五）定语从句关系词的确定定语从句关系词的确定:a.先行词的分类先行词的分类b.先行词在从句中充当的成分先行词在从句中充当的成分1.先行词做主语先行词做主语 人：who/that 物：which/that2.先行词做宾语先行词做宾语 人：who/whom/that 物：which/that3.先行词做定语先行词做定语 人：whose 物：whose/of which4.4.4.先行词做状语：先行词做状语：先行词做状语：when,when,when,where,where,where,whywhywhywho,whom,whose,that 用法区别用法区别.who/that 作定语从句的主语或宾语作定语从句的主语或宾语.The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.做题思路：先分解做题思路：先分解分析分析再合并再合并分解分解 The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.作主语作主语Whom/that 作定语从句的宾语作定语从句的宾语 The woman（whom/that)they wanted to visit is a teacher.分解分解 The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.作宾语作宾语注意注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.whose 作定语从句的定语作定语从句的定语.I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解 I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语小结：小结：关系词判断步骤关系词判断步骤首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用关系词可能就用 who,that whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系词可能用关系词可能用 which 或或 that然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词先行词 主语主语 宾语宾语 定语定语 人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物 which,thatwhich,that whose,of which巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.（六）只能用（六）只能用 that,不能用不能用 which 的情况：的情况：(1)先行词为 all,everything，anything，nothing,something,nothing,few,little,much,the one等不定代词时；(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被 the only,the very,the last,any,few,little,no,all,one of 等修饰时：(3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含 last)修饰时。（4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。(5)在以 who,which 开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用 that 准没错准没错 先行词前有修饰，千万不能用先行词前有修饰，千万不能用 which.请在以下例句中体会以上规则：请在以下例句中体会以上规则：1.Here is something that I will tell you.2.We havent got much that we can offer you.3.Is it the one that you want?4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.5.I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.6.Which is the bike that you lost?7.Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?（七）只能使用（七）只能使用（七）只能使用（七）只能使用 whichwhichwhich 的情况的情况的情况的情况 1.1.1.关系代词前有介词时；关系代词前有介词时；关系代词前有介词时；2.2.2.先行词本身是先行词本身是先行词本身是 thatthatthat 时；时；时；3.3.3.非限定定语从句非限定定语从句非限定定语从句 口诀口诀口诀口诀:要有要有要有要有 whichwhichwhich 别着急，别着急，别着急，别着急，介词提前逗隔离。介词提前逗隔离。介词提前逗隔离。介词提前逗隔离。e.g:1.Thise.g:1.Thise.g:1.This is is is thethethe classroomclassroomclassroom in inin whichwhichwhich wewewe studiedstudiedstudied forforfor twotwotwo year.year.year.2.She2.She2.She hashashas twotwotwo dollsdollsdolls，whichwhichwhich areareare fromfromfrom herherher parentsparentsparents单项选择：单项选择：1.This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this2.The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.A.that B.whose C.which D.as3.Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A.the one B.which C.who D.whom4.Is this factory a lot of students visited?A.the one B.which C.who D.who5.The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A.which B.that C./D.it6.The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police.A.which B.in which C.that D.all7._ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A.That B.Who C.The one who D.The students who注意：注意：当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。致。若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（4,7 题）题）完成下列句子：完成下列句子：1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.who saved the boy s lifeThis is the doctor 2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.who is running The man is my uncle.3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen/whose bag was lost.4.住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.The young man is a teacher.who lives next door注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。【定语从句中考真题演练定语从句中考真题演练】1、There are lots of things _ I need to prepare before the trip.(河北省卷)A.who B.that C.whom D.whose2、Jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything.（吉林省通化市）A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who3、I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday.（江苏省南京市）-Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_?A.left B.was leaving C.has left D.had left4、We are trying to help those children _lost their parents in Yushu,Qinghai Province.(浙江省衢州市)A.whichB.when C.whoD.whose5、Do you know the girl _is singing in the classroom?(湖南长沙)A.whoB.whichC.when6、The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.（江苏省扬州市）-Yes.They are helping the people _are suffering from the earthquake.A.which B.what C./D.who7、Have you found the answer to the question _I asked you this morning?（四川省成都市）A.whenB.whatC.that8、Friends are those_ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.（河南省）A which B what C whom D who9、I began to work in Shanghai in the year _ HongKong was returned to China.（湖北省十堰市）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when10、This is the school _ I studied three years ago.（山东省菏泽市）A.where B.when C.that D.which11、What do you usually do in your leisure time?（黑龙江省哈尔滨市）I enjoy reading in the library _ I lose myself in a world of good books.A.which B.that C.where12、The village _I visited last year has changed a lot.（福建省福州市）-Really?I hope to go there on day.A.that B.whoC.when13、This is my beautiful school _ is near the famous library.（广西省桂林市）A.whereB.whichC.whoD.when14、The old woman _ is wearing a pair of glasses _ Mrs.Black.（黑龙江省鸡西市）A.which,are B.who,are C.who,is15、Do you like music _ makes you relaxed?（广西省定西市）A.it B.what C.who D.that