高中英语必修五知识点精粹分解.doc

Unit 1
一、 重要短语

1举起 lift up
2身体特征physical characteristics
3.提出理论put forward a theory
4得到结论 draw a conclusion
5私人医生personal physician
6接触霍乱 be exposed to cholera
7面对挑战face the challenge
8开始询问begin the enquiry
9某人应该对…负责sb. be to blame for
10把…归咎于blame sth on sb/sth
11因…责备…blame sb/sth for sth
12处理事情handle the matter
13把…和…连接link A to B
14全神贯注于be absorbed in
15除了apart from
16捐赠，投稿，贡献contribute to sth
17讲不通 make no sense
18在某种意义上in a sense
19对…热情be enthusiastic about
20从事work on
21导致lead to
22有时 at times
23只有only if
24对…谨慎 be cautious about
25.按照只是那样as instructed
26被污染的水polluted water

二、重要句型
1. 谁写了一本书解释动植物如何随着环境的变化进化？
2. 约翰斯诺的确医术精湛，因而成为照顾维多利亚女皇的私人医生。
3. 每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
4. 为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
5. 有位妇女从宽街搬过来，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。
6. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚。
1. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?(v-ing 做定语)
2. John Snow was so expert that he attended Queen Victoria.(so that句型)
变式So expert was John Snow that …..(倒装)
3. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
(every time做连词引导让步状语从句)
4. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. (不定式表目的, 宾从虚拟)
5. She had it delivered to her house every day.(have+n/pron+ to do/do/doing/done)
6. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
(only+状语句子倒装&only if 意为"只有", if only 意为"要是…就好了"，用虚拟语气)
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going around it.
(with复合结构)

三、完成句子
1. The theory _______________________(提出) by him deserves a scientific research. (put)
2. John Snow was ___________________(一个非常熟练的内科医生 ) that he attended Queen Victoria. (expert)
3. ______________________(暴露于) radiation led to individuals being ill. (expose)
4. ______________________(每次有困难), he would come to John for help. (every)
5. He_____________________________________(以前没专心于学习), for which he couldn't catch up with others easily at the moment though he worked hard. (absorb)
6. The father, rather than the brothers,_______________________(该负责) what has happened. (blame)
7. __________________(正如已宣布的) in the meeting, we need to begin the enquiry soon. (announce)
8. __________(怀疑他) having sheltered his brother, the police took a thorough investigation. (suspect)
9. We are in great trouble. Never ___________________________ (我们应该放弃面对挑战). (challenge)
10. _________________________(为了不让自己被欺骗), he reconsidered the man's words. (prevent)

Unit 2

1.consist of =be made up of 由…组成
2.divide…into… 把…分成…
3.clarify one’s position 阐明某人的立场
4.clarify matters 澄清真相
e into conflict with… 与…发生冲突
6.be in conflict with… 与…相冲突
7.a credit card 信用卡
8.on credit 以赊账的方式
9.to one’s credit值得赞扬，为某人带来荣誉
earn enough credit for …为… 获得足够的学分
10.for (the sake of ) convenience 为了方便起见
11.for sb’s convenience 为了某人方便起见
12.at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
13.It is convenient to/for sb 某人方便时/的话；对某人方便
14.It is convenient for sb to do sth某人方便做某事
15.attract sb to sb/sth 或be attracted to sb/sth吸引某人注意…
16.attract sb’s attention 吸引某人的注意
17.have an/no/much attraction for sb对某人有没有/很有吸引力
18break away from… 摆脱,挣脱，脱离；打破（陈规陋俗等），与…断绝关系
18leave out 省去，遗漏 不考虑，不包括，忽略
19feel/be left out
感到被忽视（冷落）/被忽视（冷落）
20a furnished house 带家具的房子
21quarrel about/over sth 为某事争吵
22quarrel with sb/sth 与某人争吵；反对，不赞成
23take the place of sb/ sth=take sb’s/sth’s place 取代，代替
24(be) in place of 代替，取代
25take place 发生
26break down (机器)出故障了，（人）身体垮掉，（计划）失败，（谈判）中断，分解
27arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事
28arrange with sb to do sth 与某人约定做某事
29as arranged 按约定，如约
30make arrangements for…安排好
31keep one’s eyes open 留心，注意
32make up 组成，编造，弥补 ，化妆，铺床，占据（时间，空间）
33ring out (钟、嗓音)鸣/响
34make a list of 把…列出清单
35fold sth in half/two 把…对折
36to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是
37with/in delight 高兴地
38take delight in (doing) sth以做某事为乐
39be delighted at/with/by…因…而感到高兴
40be delighted to do sth 做某事感到高兴
41in error =by mistake 错误地，无意地
42.trial and error 反复试验，不断摸索

二、重要句子
1.How many countries does the UK consist of?
2.The countries that make up Great Britain are England, Wales and Scotland.
3.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
4.Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.
5.You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midland and the North of England.
6. It has the oldest port built by Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.
7. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of sites she wanted to see in London.
8. This solid stone, square tower had remain standing for one hundred years.
9. There followed St Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666
10. It looked splendid when first built.
11. Ping Yu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.
12. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
三、 完成句子
1. _________________（值得表扬的是）that he got ___________________________(把问题解释得非常清楚)at the meeting. (credit, clarify)
2.______________________________(如果你方便的,please send me a email and tell me how you are getting on with your studies. (convenient)
3. He always studies hard. It is strange that he _______________________________________(他居然没及格) in the exam. (fail)
4. He remained sitting there without a word, _______________________(感到被冷落了). (leave)
5. We ________________________________（已安排）a medical team_______________________________ (由五成员组成的)to go to the earthquake-hit area. (arrange, consist)
6. The room was made full use of with__________________________ (被分成几个部分). (divide)
7. The person ________________________ (刚提到的)is an expert on modern literature. (refer).
8. The result of the exam ________________________________(还不清楚). (remain)

Unit 3 短语及句子

1your previous time period 你以前的时光
2take up this prize领取这个奖励
3a time capsule 时间舱（指可以穿越时间的时间机器）
4(a) lack of fresh air 新鲜空气的缺乏
5my safety belt 我的安全带
6 strange-looking house 一栋看起来奇怪的房子
7soft lighting 柔和的照明
8much-needed oxygen 极为需要的氧气
9a space station空间站
10the most up-to-date invention 最新的发明
11the latest forms of communication 最新式的交流方式
12my late father我已故去的父亲
13. the next instant / moment 下一刻
14the sending button 发送按钮
15the metal band / ribbon 金属片
16all the waste available 所有的垃圾
17the waste machine 废物处理机
18work practices 工作实践
19space settlements 太空定居地
20. an ecological system 一种生态系统
21. a special small, computerized machine 一种特别的小巧的计算机化了的机器。
22. a spotless house 一所一尘不染的房子
23. our super top-of-the-range apartments and houses 我们顶级的公寓和房子
24. our many inspection visits 许多的考察之旅
25. in no time 立刻，马上 = immediately
26. decades ago 数十年前
27. leave / make a good impression on sb 给某人留下好印象
28. spin slowly 慢慢地旋转
29. collect a hovering carriage 领取一台可以在空中停留的车
30. float above the ground 在地面上空漂浮着 = float in the air
31. lose sight of sth 看不见…; 与…失去联系 catch sight of sth 看见
32. show sb around (sp) 带某人到处看看（某地）
33. blame the tools for the faults of the user 因使用者的错误而责备这些（使用）工具
34 go solid (咖啡, 水泥等) 变硬，变坏
35. a long shelf life (商品等)有很长的保质期
36. dispose of waste 处理垃圾
37. swallow up the rat in one bite 一口就吞掉那只老鼠
38. be back on one’s feet 重新站起了，恢复状态

42. A group of engineers program robots to perform tasks in space.
43. My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.
44. Among its many advantages we include easy contact with the land surface, more personal space, complete personal security and no housework worries.
45. Your details will be fed into its computer hard-drive so that it will only answer your family’s commands.
46. “及物回头”现象：At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.
47.句型：There is no v-ing … 做 …… 是不可能的
There will be no suffering here. 在这里受罪是不可能的。 （在这里不可能受罪。）
There is no typing up this letter within five minutes. 在五分钟内打完这封信是不可能的。(不可能在五分钟内打完这封信。)
There is no saying when he'll come. 说出他什么时候回来是不可能的。 (很难说他何时回来。)
There is no accounting for tastes.   解释各种喜好是不可能的。（人各有所好。）
倒装：表示地点或者方位的副词或者介词短语置于句首，引起完全倒装。
Below are some of the main aspects of life today.
Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. 太空站里展出了31世纪最新的发明。
In front of the farm house sat an old woman. 在那栋农舍前坐着一位老妇人。

Unit4

一、重点短语
1.开始工作　set to work
2.处于两难 be a dilemma
3.集中；全神贯注于concentrate on
4.独自，靠某人自己on one's own
5.名叫by the name of
6.通知某人某事inform sb of sth
7.依靠，取决于depend/rely/count on
8.对……有灵敏的“嗅觉” have a good nose for
9.指控某人犯某罪accuse...of...
10.应当be supposed to　
11.保护；使不受侵害　defend against
12.偶然，意外地by accident
13.注意，全神贯注于get/be absorbed in
14.从事于，忙于work on
15.润色polish the style
16.犯罪commit a crime
17.让某人改掉习惯break sb of the habit
18.主持节目present the program
19.错误地理解某事get the wrong end of the stick
20.故事是这样的This is how the story goes
21.难忘的瞬间unforgettable moments
22. 将大大影响他的记者生涯be to influence his life as a journalist
23. 报导一则新闻cover a story
24. 递交文章submit(t) an article
25. 发现你的同事很想协助你find your colleagues very eager to assist you
26. 行业诀窍a trick of the trade
27. 为了做…so as to do sth
28. 安排一个采访arrange an interview
29. 要求做某事demand to do
30. 上业余课程　take an amateur course　

二、重点句型
1. Never will he forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.
2. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you.
3. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.
4. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.
5. Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? 
6. He denied taking money but we were skeptical.
7. We arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.
8. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.
9. The senior editor emphasized that this article needed further polishing.
10. Without these reporters acting as primary sources, you would never find out what really happened in a war.
三、完成句子
1. The Consumer Council exists to _____________________________ (保护顾客的权益使其免受) unscrupulous traders. (defend)
2. The famous professor ___________________________(被指控)stealing his student's ideas and publishing them. (accuse)
3.What the government has done this year will _________________ (对....有利)all the citizens living in Guangzhou. (benefit)
4. Hardly ________________________ (他们刚到机场) when he plane took off. (get)
5. _______________________________________________(只有当你掌握了良好的语法知识的时候)can you write correctly. (knowledge)
6. Seldom __________________________(我们收到来信) him since he went abroad to seek his fortune. (hear)
7. Not until the last moment ___________________________(我才提醒他) the possible danger. (remind)
8. East of the city _________________________(有一座桥), which has a history of over 100 years. (lie)
9. We'll make an appointment for a picnic ______________________(视天气情况) (depend)
10. ______________________________(经常是这种情况), he is five minutes late for a meeting. (as)

Unit 5
一、 重点短语
1. 触电electric shock
2. 找到put one’s hands on
3. 对某人有影响make a difference to sb
4. 为了帮助某人in aid of sb
5. 电源插头an electric plug
6. 电子词典an electronic dictionary
7. 讲得通，有意义make sense
8. 弄懂…….的意思make sense of
9. 阻止（某人）做… prevent sb from doing sth
10. 触感sense of touch
11. 挤出；榨出squeeze out
12. 在适当的位置in place
13. 反复，多次over and over again
14. 开展，执行carry out
15. 许多，大量_ a number of
16. 自豪be proud of
17. 一种暂时的形式a temporary form
18. 起抗击疾病的屏障作用act as a barrier against disease
19. 正如你能想象的一样as you can imagine
20. 极其疼痛be extremely painful
21. 把药膏涂在烫伤的伤口上apply ointment to burns或put ointment on burns
22. 把理论用应于实践apply a theory to practice
23. 用某物款待某人treat sb to sth
24. 把一个水壶打弄翻了knock over a kettle
二、用适当的词填空（有些首字母已给出）
1． The lung is an o________________ and so is the heart.
2． Her ankle s_____________ after the fall.
3． Her foot was very s_________________ after the accident.
4． I can't s______________________ toothpaste out of the tube.
5． What is the typical s______________________ of SARS？
6． Would you like me to ________________ your shirt for you？（熨烫）
7． He p________（颁发）a silver cup to the winner.
8． Did you attend your uncle's wedding_____________________（仪式）
9． An a________________ is a vehicle for taking people to and from hospital.
10． The ___________ (injure) workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
11． Although __________ (build) thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.
12． _________ (lose) in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.
13． In the past few years, we have had thousands of trees ______ (plant) around our school.
14． He almost c______ to death on a fish bone.
15． We can live without clothes, but food and drink are e______.
16． He has too m______ a nature to get angry, even if he has good cause.
17． The winter here is cold and d______.
18． He had the honor of being p______ to the Queen.（介绍）

三、 完成句子.
1. He suddenly__________________________________(昨晚他突然病了). (fall)
2. Sunglasses can_____________________________ the sun' s rays. (保护我们的眼睛免受……).(protect)
3. You may ________________________(烫伤) by hot liquids.(get)
4. These burns are not serious and they should______________________________(一天之内就会好许多). (feel)
5. First degree burns ____________________when they are pressed(变成白色) .(turn)
6. 当过马路时小心汽车。Look out for cars______________ the street. (cross)
7. 正如计划的一样，他们按时出席了会议。They attended the meeting on time ______________
8. 他比预料的晚回了三天。He came back three days later ___________
9. 如果你拒绝他们的邀请，我也拒绝。If you refuse their invitation, ________________
10. 他竭尽全力帮助我们摆脱困境。He did all he could ________________us out of trouble.
11. --明天天气会放晴吗？--我希望这样。
--Will it clear up tomorrow? --I ______________.
12. --你太粗心竟然把我的书弄脏了。--确实这样，非常抱歉。
---It was careless of you to have got my book dirty. ---____________________, I’m very sorry.
13. 如果可能的话，我会如期参加会议的。_________________, I will attend the meeting as __________.
14. 尽管我告诫他不要向我借钱，他就是不听。He did ask me for money though I told him ______________ .
15. 他尽可能花时间照顾他残疾的儿子。He spends as much time as he can ______________ his disabled son.
16. 只有到那时我才意识到他在努力帮助我们。Only then __________________ that he was trying to help us.
17. 昨天，窗边站着一位老人。By the window _______________________________yesterday.
18. 我永远不会忘记和你住在一起的日子。
Never ______________________ the days when I lived together with you.
19. 直到完成作业我才和你去。Not until I finished my homework ____________________________________.

Unit 1
三、完成句子
1. put forward
2. so expert a physician
3. Being exposed to
4. Every time there was difficulty
5. hadn’t been absorbed in study
6 is to blame f