高中英语必修五知识点精粹分解.doc

Unit 1一、 重要短语1举起 lift up 2身体特征physical characteristics3.提出理论put forward a theory4得到结论 draw a conclusion5私人医生personal physician6接触霍乱 be exposed to cholera7面对挑战face the challenge8开始询问begin the enquiry9某人应该对负责sb. be to blame for10把归咎于blame sth on sb/sth11因责备blame sb/sth for sth12处理事情handle the matter13把和连接link A to B14全神贯注于be absorbed in15除了apart from16捐赠，投稿，贡献contribute to sth17讲不通 make no sense18在某种意义上in a sense19对热情be enthusiastic about20从事work on21导致lead to22有时 at times23只有only if24对谨慎 be cautious about25.按照只是那样as instructed26被污染的水polluted water二、重要句型1. 谁写了一本书解释动植物如何随着环境的变化进化？2. 约翰斯诺的确医术精湛，因而成为照顾维多利亚女皇的私人医生。3. 每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。4. 为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。5. 有位妇女从宽街搬过来，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。6. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚。1. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?(v-ing 做定语)2. John Snow was so expert that he attended Queen Victoria.(so that句型)变式So expert was John Snow that .(倒装)3. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(every time做连词引导让步状语从句)4. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. (不定式表目的, 宾从虚拟)5. She had it delivered to her house every day.(have+n/pron+ to do/do/doing/done)6. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(only+状语句子倒装&only if 意为只有, if only 意为要是就好了，用虚拟语气)He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going around it.(with复合结构)三、完成句子1. The theory _(提出) by him deserves a scientific research. (put)2. John Snow was _(一个非常熟练的内科医生 ) that he attended Queen Victoria. (expert)3. _(暴露于) radiation led to individuals being ill. (expose)4. _(每次有困难), he would come to John for help. (every)5. He_(以前没专心于学习), for which he couldnt catch up with others easily at the moment though he worked hard. (absorb)6. The father, rather than the brothers,_(该负责) what has happened. (blame)7. _(正如已宣布的) in the meeting, we need to begin the enquiry soon. (announce)8. _(怀疑他) having sheltered his brother, the police took a thorough investigation. (suspect)9. We are in great trouble. Never _ (我们应该放弃面对挑战). (challenge)10. _(为了不让自己被欺骗), he reconsidered the mans words. (prevent)Unit 21.consist of =be made up of 由组成2.divideinto 把分成3.clarify ones position 阐明某人的立场4.clarify matters 澄清真相e into conflict with 与发生冲突6.be in conflict with 与相冲突7.a credit card 信用卡8.on credit 以赊账的方式9.to ones credit值得赞扬，为某人带来荣誉earn enough credit for 为 获得足够的学分10.for (the sake of ) convenience 为了方便起见11.for sbs convenience 为了某人方便起见12.at ones convenience 在某人方便的时候13.It is convenient to/for sb 某人方便时/的话；对某人方便14.It is convenient for sb to do sth某人方便做某事15.attract sb to sb/sth 或be attracted to sb/sth吸引某人注意16.attract sbs attention 吸引某人的注意17.have an/no/much attraction for sb对某人有没有/很有吸引力18break away from 摆脱,挣脱，脱离；打破（陈规陋俗等），与断绝关系18leave out 省去，遗漏 不考虑，不包括，忽略19feel/be left out 感到被忽视（冷落）/被忽视（冷落）20a furnished house 带家具的房子21quarrel about/over sth 为某事争吵22quarrel with sb/sth 与某人争吵；反对，不赞成23take the place of sb/ sth=take sbs/sths place 取代，代替24(be) in place of 代替，取代25take place 发生26break down (机器)出故障了，（人）身体垮掉，（计划）失败，（谈判）中断，分解27arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事28arrange with sb to do sth 与某人约定做某事29as arranged 按约定，如约30make arrangements for安排好31keep ones eyes open 留心，注意32make up 组成，编造，弥补 ，化妆，铺床，占据（时间，空间）33ring out (钟、嗓音)鸣/响34make a list of 把列出清单35fold sth in half/two 把对折36to ones delight 令某人高兴的是37with/in delight 高兴地38take delight in (doing) sth以做某事为乐39be delighted at/with/by因而感到高兴40be delighted to do sth 做某事感到高兴41in error =by mistake 错误地，无意地42.trial and error 反复试验，不断摸索二、重要句子 1.How many countries does the UK consist of?2.The countries that make up Great Britain are England, Wales and Scotland.3.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.4.Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.5.You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midland and the North of England.6. It has the oldest port built by Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.7. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of sites she wanted to see in London.8. This solid stone, square tower had remain standing for one hundred years.9. There followed St Pauls Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 166610. It looked splendid when first built.11. Ping Yu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.12. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.三、 完成句子1. _（值得表扬的是）that he got _(把问题解释得非常清楚)at the meeting. (credit, clarify)2._(如果你方便的,please send me a email and tell me how you are getting on with your studies. (convenient) 3. He always studies hard. It is strange that he _(他居然没及格) in the exam. (fail)4. He remained sitting there without a word, _(感到被冷落了). (leave) 5. We _（已安排）a medical team_ (由五成员组成的)to go to the earthquake-hit area. (arrange, consist)6. The room was made full use of with_ (被分成几个部分). (divide)7. The person _ (刚提到的)is an expert on modern literature. (refer).8. The result of the exam _(还不清楚). (remain)Unit 3 短语及句子1your previous time period 你以前的时光2take up this prize领取这个奖励3a time capsule 时间舱（指可以穿越时间的时间机器）4(a) lack of fresh air 新鲜空气的缺乏5my safety belt 我的安全带6 strange-looking house 一栋看起来奇怪的房子7soft lighting 柔和的照明8much-needed oxygen 极为需要的氧气9a space station空间站10the most up-to-date invention 最新的发明11the latest forms of communication 最新式的交流方式12my late father我已故去的父亲13. the next instant / moment 下一刻14the sending button 发送按钮15the metal band / ribbon 金属片16all the waste available 所有的垃圾17the waste machine 废物处理机18work practices 工作实践19space settlements 太空定居地20. an ecological system 一种生态系统21. a special small, computerized machine 一种特别的小巧的计算机化了的机器。22. a spotless house 一所一尘不染的房子 23. our super top-of-the-range apartments and houses 我们顶级的公寓和房子24. our many inspection visits 许多的考察之旅25. in no time 立刻，马上 = immediately 26. decades ago 数十年前27. leave / make a good impression on sb 给某人留下好印象28. spin slowly 慢慢地旋转 29. collect a hovering carriage 领取一台可以在空中停留的车30. float above the ground 在地面上空漂浮着 = float in the air 31. lose sight of sth 看不见; 与失去联系 catch sight of sth 看见32. show sb around (sp) 带某人到处看看（某地）33. blame the tools for the faults of the user 因使用者的错误而责备这些（使用）工具34 go solid (咖啡, 水泥等) 变硬，变坏35. a long shelf life (商品等)有很长的保质期36. dispose of waste 处理垃圾37. swallow up the rat in one bite 一口就吞掉那只老鼠38. be back on ones feet 重新站起了，恢复状态42. A group of engineers program robots to perform tasks in space. 43. My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future. 44. Among its many advantages we include easy contact with the land surface, more personal space, complete personal security and no housework worries. 45. Your details will be fed into its computer hard-drive so that it will only answer your familys commands. 46. “及物回头”现象：At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.47.句型：There is no v-ing 做 是不可能的 There will be no suffering here. 在这里受罪是不可能的。 （在这里不可能受罪。）There is no typing up this letter within five minutes. 在五分钟内打完这封信是不可能的。(不可能在五分钟内打完这封信。)There is no saying when hell come. 说出他什么时候回来是不可能的。 (很难说他何时回来。)There is no accounting for tastes.解释各种喜好是不可能的。（人各有所好。）倒装：表示地点或者方位的副词或者介词短语置于句首，引起完全倒装。Below are some of the main aspects of life today. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. 太空站里展出了31世纪最新的发明。In front of the farm house sat an old woman. 在那栋农舍前坐着一位老妇人。Unit4一、重点短语1.开始工作set to work2.处于两难 be a dilemma 3.集中；全神贯注于concentrate on4.独自，靠某人自己on ones own5.名叫by the name of6.通知某人某事inform sb of sth7.依靠，取决于depend/rely/count on8.对有灵敏的“嗅觉” have a good nose for9.指控某人犯某罪accuse.of.10.应当be supposed to11.保护；使不受侵害defend against12.偶然，意外地by accident13.注意，全神贯注于get/be absorbed in14.从事于，忙于work on15.润色polish the style16.犯罪commit a crime17.让某人改掉习惯break sb of the habit18.主持节目present the program19.错误地理解某事get the wrong end of the stick20.故事是这样的This is how the story goes21.难忘的瞬间unforgettable moments22. 将大大影响他的记者生涯be to influence his life as a journalist23. 报导一则新闻cover a story24. 递交文章submit(t) an article25. 发现你的同事很想协助你find your colleagues very eager to assist you26. 行业诀窍a trick of the trade27. 为了做so as to do sth28. 安排一个采访arrange an interview29. 要求做某事demand to do30. 上业余课程take an amateur course二、重点句型1. Never will he forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.2. Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you.3. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.4. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.5. Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? 6. He denied taking money but we were skeptical.7. We arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.8. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.9. The senior editor emphasized that this article needed further polishing.10. Without these reporters acting as primary sources, you would never find out what really happened in a war.三、完成句子1. The Consumer Council exists to _ (保护顾客的权益使其免受) unscrupulous traders. (defend)2. The famous professor _(被指控)stealing his students ideas and publishing them. (accuse)3.What the government has done this year will _ (对.有利)all the citizens living in Guangzhou. (benefit)4. Hardly _ (他们刚到机场) when he plane took off. (get)5. _(只有当你掌握了良好的语法知识的时候)can you write correctly. (knowledge)6. Seldom _(我们收到来信) him since he went abroad to seek his fortune. (hear)7. Not until the last moment _(我才提醒他) the possible danger. (remind)8. East of the city _(有一座桥), which has a history of over 100 years. (lie)9. Well make an appointment for a picnic _(视天气情况) (depend)10. _(经常是这种情况), he is five minutes late for a meeting. (as)Unit 5一、 重点短语1. 触电electric shock 2. 找到put ones hands on3. 对某人有影响make a difference to sb4. 为了帮助某人in aid of sb5. 电源插头an electric plug6. 电子词典an electronic dictionary7. 讲得通，有意义make sense8. 弄懂.的意思make sense of9. 阻止（某人）做 prevent sb from doing sth 10. 触感sense of touch11. 挤出；榨出squeeze out12. 在适当的位置in place13. 反复，多次over and over again14. 开展，执行carry out15. 许多，大量_ a number of16. 自豪be proud of 17. 一种暂时的形式a temporary form18. 起抗击疾病的屏障作用act as a barrier against disease19. 正如你能想象的一样as you can imagine20. 极其疼痛be extremely painful21. 把药膏涂在烫伤的伤口上apply ointment to burns或put ointment on burns22. 把理论用应于实践apply a theory to practice23. 用某物款待某人treat sb to sth24. 把一个水壶打弄翻了knock over a kettle二、用适当的词填空（有些首字母已给出）1 The lung is an o_ and so is the heart. 2 Her ankle s_ after the fall. 3 Her foot was very s_ after the accident. 4 I cant s_ toothpaste out of the tube. 5 What is the typical s_ of SARS？6 Would you like me to _ your shirt for you？（熨烫）7 He p_（颁发）a silver cup to the winner. 8 Did you attend your uncles wedding_（仪式）9 An a_ is a vehicle for taking people to and from hospital. 10 The _ (injure) workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.11 Although _ (build) thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.12 _ (lose) in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 13 In the past few years, we have had thousands of trees _ (plant) around our school.14 He almost c_ to death on a fish bone.15 We can live without clothes, but food and drink are e_.16 He has too m_ a nature to get angry, even if he has good cause.17 The winter here is cold and d_.18 He had the honor of being p_ to the Queen.（介绍）三、 完成句子.1. He suddenly_(昨晚他突然病了). (fall)2. Sunglasses can_ the sun s rays. (保护我们的眼睛免受).(protect)3. You may _(烫伤) by hot liquids.(get) 4. These burns are not serious and they should_(一天之内就会好许多). (feel)5. First degree burns _when they are pressed(变成白色) .(turn)6. 当过马路时小心汽车。Look out for cars_ the street. (cross)7. 正如计划的一样，他们按时出席了会议。They attended the meeting on time _8. 他比预料的晚回了三天。He came back three days later _9. 如果你拒绝他们的邀请，我也拒绝。If you refuse their invitation, _ 10. 他竭尽全力帮助我们摆脱困境。He did all he could _us out of trouble. 11. -明天天气会放晴吗？-我希望这样。-Will it clear up tomorrow? -I _. 12. -你太粗心竟然把我的书弄脏了。-确实这样，非常抱歉。-It was careless of you to have got my book dirty. -_, Im very sorry. 13. 如果可能的话，我会如期参加会议的。_, I will attend the meeting as _. 14. 尽管我告诫他不要向我借钱，他就是不听。He did ask me for money though I told him _ . 15. 他尽可能花时间照顾他残疾的儿子。He spends as much time as he can _ his disabled son. 16. 只有到那时我才意识到他在努力帮助我们。Only then _ that he was trying to help us. 17. 昨天，窗边站着一位老人。By the window _yesterday.18. 我永远不会忘记和你住在一起的日子。Never _ the days when I lived together with you.19. 直到完成作业我才和你去。Not until I finished my homework _.Unit 1三、完成句子1. put forward 2. so expert a physician 3. Being exposed to 4. Every time there was difficulty 5. hadnt been absorbed in study 6 is to blame f