英文图表作文分析.doc

英文图表作文分析
1.图表分析作文的种类
图表就是数字、图像传达信息的一种形式，图表分析作文就是将这些数字、图像所包含的信息转换成传神表意的说明文字。
图表的种类很多，一般把各种数字资料，按照一定的顺序，通过表格形式表现出来的叫表（table），利用点、线、图等把信息资料通过图像表现出来的叫图（graph或chart），常用的图形有柱形图（bar graph），曲线图（line graph），圆形图（circular graph），图解图（diagram），饼形或百分比图（pie or percentage graph），象形图（pictorial graph），流程图（flow chart）等等。
2.图表分析作文的写作要领
2.1. 读懂标题，然后根据主题进行分析。虽然文章的中心思想和细节是通过图表来表示的，但同一张图表，如果命题不同，作者观察、分析问题的角度就有所不同，写出的短文也可能完全不同。请看下面两个圆形图：

上面两张图如果命题为“The Similarities and Differences of the Two Marketing Concepts”，本文可以首先对两张图分别进行说明，对两种观念的异同进行比较，然后得出结论；如果命题为“The Development of Marketing Concept”，本文的重点则偏重于市场营销观念的变化及其变化的原因。写作时可首先指出两种观念的重点虽然明显不同，但后者显然脱胎于前者，然后再分析这种观念变化的原因。请比较下面两篇文章：
例文①：
The Similarities and Differences of the Two Marketing Concepts
Let us take a look at the two circular graphs and compare the similarities and differences of the two marketing concepts．
The concepts illustrated in Fig．1and Fig．2 are roughly the same in their main business mentality and tactics．Both are new and advanced concepts in business administration．Moreover， both lay stress on an orientation predominated by market demand．The latter，however，is also quite different from the former．First，the marketing focal point in Fig．1 is not the same as the in Fig．2．In the former，meeting consumers' needs and making a profit form the basis of business operations，while in the latter social long-term interests are also taken into account．Second，the former only considers two aspects of the problem in supplying products and services． But in contrast，the latter has to achieve a better balance between the three aspects—business profit，consumer demand and public social interests．Therefore，the latter is more advanced and more beneficial to social development．In addition，it has a more practical and revolutionary significance．
例文②：
The Developm ent of Marketing Concept
Let us take a look at the two circular graphs and analyze the causes for the development of marketing concepts．
Fig．2 is quite different from Fig．1，but is obviously born out of Fig．1．The former refers to the concept predominated by market demand，whose stress is laid on the link between consumer demand and business profit，while the latter stands for the one led by society and market demand，which emphasizes the balance between social public interests，consumer demand and business profit．
Some reasons may account for the development of marketing concept．First，consumer demand is not always in agreement with social long-term interests．For example，when household appliances with great power consumption do not accord with the demands of economy on electricity，companies should consider improving on the product from social long-term interests．Second，meeting consumer demand on short-term basis is no longer business standard of conduct．A company，which can meet bothconsumers current demands and social long-term interests is more welcomed．Finally，in commodity production，companies should pay attention to environmental protection and ecological balance，because they are closely related to consumers and society．
It is just because of these that comes the development of marketing concept．
2．2．仔细分析图表，尽可能正确理解图表的真正含义。由于是对数字和图像进行分析、说明，仔细分析文字说明和数字表达就成为写好图表分析作文的关键。只有在对图表完全理解的基础上，才能对其进行分析、比较，从中发现某种规律，得出某种结论。因此，要写好图表分析作文，不仅需要较强的语言表达能力，还要有一定的观察、分析能力，一定的想象力和逻辑思维能力。请看下图：

要写好该曲线图分析作文，关键要抓住科技进步与生产力发展之间的关系。本文可分三段来写，第一段说明该曲线图反映的总情况，第二段根据图上反映的信息举例说明，并归纳出其规律，第三段通过分析写出读图表后的想法或评论。请看例文③：
The line graph in Fig．3 shows the relationship between scientific and technological development and productivity．From the graph it can be seen that the progress in productivity depends largely on scientific and technological development．The more advanced the science and technology，the higher the productivity．
Whether from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age，or from the Iron Age to the Steam Age，or from the Motor Age to the Atomic，Computer and Space Age，the influence of science and technology on productivity is dramatically felt．In the early period of human history，productivity was very low．However，with the development of science and technology，productivity is getting greater and greater．Therefore，as it is put，productivity is based on science and technology．
From the above we can come to the conclusion that science and technology is the key to the development of greater productivity．Without it，we can hardly imagine how to improve productivity and how to better our lives．So we must keep in mind that science is power and lay stress on and devote major efforts to developing science and technology．
2．3．善于归纳，把图表中最有代表性的特征突出出来。所给出的图表一般分类列出各种数据，不善于归纳者往往是照图表叙述，罗列图表上的数据，不加任何分析，或作一些无意义的比较；而善于归纳者，则能找出数据的关键所在，舍弃那些不重要的，细小的东西，层次分明地对关键信息进行分析，从而得出合理的结论。请看下面一篇图表作文：
Which region can be considered as underdeveloped，why？
Studying the bar chart in Fig．4，we find that the Far East is the most underdeveloped region while North America is the most developed．

To certify this statement，let us compare them in population，agricultural land and income．The two regions differ considerably in three aspects．Far East has 51 percent of the world's population，the largest in the world，yet it covers only 19 percent of world agricultural land．In addition，its income occupies only 15 percent of world total．In North America，however，the population is not big，about 8 percent of world total，yet its per capita agricultural land is more than that in most other regions．Most important of all，its income is the largest，about 40 percent of world total．
From the figure we can conclude whether a region is developed or underdeveloped is closely related to its population，income and agricultural land．The less population，the more income and agricultural land the area get，the more advanced it is．Otherwise，the area is considered as underdeveloped．
2．4．图表分析说明应简洁、清楚、通俗易懂。分析时要避免不必要的重复，指代要清楚，还要按照一定的逻辑顺序，一个问题一个问题地写，使读者有明确的概念，否则，颠倒了顺序，将会造成读者在理解上的混乱。