2018年秋季课程外研版高一英语语法回顾—冠词和形容词的正确使用教案.doc

2018年秋季课程外研版高一英语第16讲：语法回顾—冠词和形容词的正确使用
一、课程介绍
知识点
1. 形容词副词的句法功能
2. 形容词副词的比较等级
3. 定冠词、零冠词的使用
教学重点
1. 形容词作定语、表语、补语、状语
2. 倍数表达法
3. 冠词的区分
教学难点
1. 倍数表达法
2. 抽象名词具体化
二、要点回顾
Ⅰ.知识回顾
1． 时间状语从句连接词
2． 地点状语从句连接词
3． 原因状语从句连接词
4． 条件状语从句连接词
【答案】
1. When ,while ,as ,(not)until ,as soon as, before, since
2. Where ,wherever
3. Because, as ,since ,now that
4. If ,as long as,once ,unless

Ⅱ.活用句型
翻译下列句子
1. 我回来之前，你哪都别去。
_________________________________________________.
2. 有水的地方就有生命。
_________________________________________________.
3. 既然你有了这么好的机会，就要充分利用。
___________________________________________________.
4. 如果明天下雨，我就在家呆着了
__________________________________________________.
【答案】　
1. Don’t go anywhere before I come back.
2. Where there is water, there is a life..
3. Since you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
4. I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
三、知识精要
语法知识列表
【语法点一】形容词副词的句法功能
形容词作定语、表语、补语、状语
【语法点二】形容词副词比较等级的用法
倍数表达法
【语法点三】定冠词零冠词使用
需要使用定冠词the的几种类型
不需要使用冠词的几种类型

四、要点讲练
【要点1】形容词的句法功能
1. . 用作表语
Everyone was happy. 每个人都很高兴。
He is interested in watching TV. 他对看电视感兴趣。
2. 用作定语
He is an honest student. 他是个诚实的学生。
The young man is her boy friend. 这个小伙子是她的男朋友。
3. 用作宾语补足语
He pushed the door open. 他把门推开了。
We found the problem very difficult. 我们发现这个问题很难。
The problem was found very difficult.
4. 用作状语
He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他回到家里，又饿又累。
I went there full of joy. 我兴高采烈地去了那儿。
He sat in the corner, silent. 他坐在角落里，一言不发。
【例题】
The new secretary is ______ and therefore the manager is satisfied with the work.
   A. effective        B. efficient       C. specific      D. sufficient
【解析】
新秘书是一个很有能力的人，因此经理对他的工作很满意。Efficient意为“有能力的，效率高的”故选B。
【答案】B
【即学即用】
1. 用live的正确形式填空
① His parents are still ______ though they are badly ill.
② Tomorrow we will watch a _______ football match together.
【答案】①alive　② live

【知识拓展】
live
现场直播的
alive
活着的（用作表语或后置定语）
lively
活泼的

【要点2】副词的句法功能
1.  作状语，I go to school very early every day. 
2.  作定语 The people here are very friendly. 
3.  作表语 Class is over. 
4. 作宾语补足语 Please let me in.
【例题】　
The shoes are _______small for me.
A. Much too       B. Too much      C. Many too      D. Too many
【解析】
Too much意为“太多”，much too意为“很，非常”因此选A
【答案】A
【即学即用】
用hard的正确形式填空
① His sister works very ______ to make more progress.
② He _______ becomes a pilot due to his poor eyesight.
【答案】①hard　② hardly
【知识拓展】
hard
Hard副词意思“努力”，形容词意为“困难的，硬的”
hardly
副词，意为“几乎不”

【要点3】倍数表达法
1. 倍数 + as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as + 其他。
这种结构又常演变成下列两类：
①倍数 + as + many + 可数名词复数 + as；
②倍数 + as +much + 不可数名词 + as。如：
There are seven times as many people as I expected.是我预料的人数的七倍。
There is five times as much coffee in this glass as in that one.
这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。
2. 倍数 + 形容词（或副词）的比较级 + than + 其他。如：
The hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅的面积比我们教室大五倍。
3. 倍数 + the size / height / length / width. etc. + of + 其他。如：
This road is six times the length of that one. 这条路是那条路的六倍长。
【例题】　
It is reported that the United States uses________energy as the whole of Europe.
A.as twice
B.twice much
C.twice much as
D.twice as much
【解析】
根据表达法“倍数 + as +much + 不可数名词 + as，energy为不可数名次，因此选D项
【答案】D
【即学即用】
他跑得比我快三倍。
这条路是那条路的六倍长
【答案】
He runs faster than me by three times.
This road is six times the length of that one.
【知识拓展】
常见的表示量度的名词：length，width，height，depth，weight
【要点4】一.零冠词用法归纳
1. 用于复数名词前
复数名词泛指某类人或物时,其前通常用零冠词.如：
Students should obey the school rules. 学生应该遵守校规.
2. 用于不可数名词前
不可数名词表示泛指时,其前通常用零冠词.如：
Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的.
3. 用于专有名词前
在通常情况下,专有名词前要用零冠词.如：
Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英语.
4. 用于某些单数可数名词前
单数可数名词前在某些特殊情况下用零冠词,如用作呼语时、表示家庭成员时、用于表示“变成”的连系动词 turn, go 之后作表语时、用于倒装的让步状语从句中时等.如：
Can I tell Father about it? 这事我可以告诉爸爸吗?
5. 用于抽象化的可数名词前
有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动,其前通常零冠词.如
Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了.
6. 用于职务及头衔前
当表示职务及头衔的名词用作表语、补足语及同位语时,其前通常用零冠词.如：
Wilson became President of the U. S. A. 威尔逊当了美国总统.
7. 用于球类运动前
Let’s go and play basketball. 我们去打篮球吧.
8. 其他用零冠词的场合
按英语习惯,在表示学科、语言、三餐、月份、季节、节假日、星期等名词前,通常用零冠词.如：
We are all interested in physics. 我们大家都对物理感兴趣.
Won’t you stay and take lunch with us? 留在这儿吃午饭好吗?
8. 用于某些固定结构中
go to sea 去当水手 at home 在家
at night 在晚上 at least 至少
at most 至多 at first 首先
at last 最后 in bed 在床上
on foot 步行 face to face 面对面
二.定冠词用法归纳
1. 表示特指
定冠词表示特指,既可特指上文提到过的人或事物,也可特指谈话双方都清楚的人或事物,还可特指受后置定语或定语从句修饰的人或事物.如：
There I met a foreigner and the foreigner helped me a great deal. 在那儿我遇到一个老外,这个老外帮了我不少忙.
2. 表示类别
(1) 概括整个类属：定冠词与单数可数名词连用可以概括整个类属,有时还可以与某些形容词连用表示整个属.如：
The computer is a great invention. 计算机是一项伟大的发明.
(2) 与某些形容词连用,表示一类人或一类事物.如：
the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the wealthy 富人
the old 老人 the aged 老人 the young 年轻人
the sick 病人 the brave 勇敢的人 the weak 弱者
3. 表示世上独一无二的事物
这里说的世上独一无二的事物主要指the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the universe, the world, the atmosphere(大气层)等东西.如：
4. 连用序数词和最高级
序数词和形容词最高级前通常要用定冠词,副词最高级前可用定冠词,也可不用.如：
It was the best result they’ve ever had. 这是他们历来取得的最好成绩.
5. 用于某些专有名词前
如用于河流、海洋、山川、海岛、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前,以及用于由普通名词构成(或含有普通名词)的专有名词如国名、地名、团体、机构、党派、报纸、杂志、事件、建筑物等前.如：
the Yellow River 黄河 the Red Sea 红海
the Indian Ocean 印度洋 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡
the Sahara (Desert) 撒哈拉大沙漠 the United States 美国
6. 用于乐器名词前
当乐器名词表示演奏时,其前通常要用定冠词.如：
She likes playing the piano. 她喜欢弹钢琴.
These two pianos are very cheap. 这两架钢琴很便宜.
7. 用于姓氏的复数之前
定冠词有时可用于表示姓氏的复数前,表示全家人或全家中两个或两个以上的人.如：
None of us here like the Smiths. 我们这里没有人喜欢史密斯一家人.
8. 用于逢整十数词的复数前
定冠词有时可用于逢整十的复数数词前,表示世纪中的年代.如：
He moved to the south in the fifties. 他于50年代搬到了南方.
9. 用在某些习惯用语中
at the same time 同时 by the way 顺便问一句
for the present 暂时 go to the cinema 看电影
in the end 最后 in the dark 在黑暗中,不知道
in the least 一点,丝毫 in the open 在野外
in the past 在过去 in the long run从长远来看
【例题】　1._______ sun rises in _______ east．
2.What does this _______ word mean， _______ Father？
【解析】1.第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体；第二个空用the是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。
2.指示代词不能与定冠词连用。
【答案】1.The；the。 2.×；×
【即学即用】
1. Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA．
2. _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China．
【答案】1. the；the。第一个the是特指美国的首都。第二个the是在由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。
2. The；the，×。第一空用the是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词；第二空用the是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词；第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。
【知识拓展】
一、定冠词使用口诀：
世界独一二次见,序语形容高级前.
富人伤员按天算,方位乐器影剧院.
群岛河山江湖海,沙漠海峡与海湾.
阶级党派国家名,普专复合姓氏前.
组织团体和机关,朝代、会议及报刊.
双知年代击中脸,指特事物及习惯.
二、零冠词的用法口诀
月季星期节假洲,呼语头衔职务前,
三餐球类惯用语,学科棋类名词前.

※【链接高考】
①【2013福建】The “Chinese Dream” is ______ dream to improve people’s well-being and ______ dream of harmony, peace and development. 
A． A. the; a     B. a; a        C. a; the       D. the; the 
② [2014•安徽卷] My good performance in the job interview left me________ about my future and about what I can do here.
A．puzzled B．Sensitive C．optimistic D．embarrassed
③ [2014•浙江卷] Joe is proud and ________，never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.
A．strict B．sympathetic C．stubborn D．sensitive
【答案】
① B 考查冠词。根据句意，中国梦是一个…的梦和一个…的梦，可知，两空都用不定冠词a，答案选B
② C　考查形容词词义辨析。根据good performance可知选optimistic。puzzled困惑的；sensitive敏感的；embarrassed尴尬的。句意：我在求职面试中的良好表现让我对我的未来以及我在这里能做什么持乐观的态度。故选C。
③ C　考查形容词辨析。句意：乔不仅傲慢而且固执，他从不承认他的错，总是怪别人。stubborn意为“固执的，固执己见的”， 符合语境。strict严格的；sympathetic富有同情心的；sensitive敏感的。故选C项。

五、双基达标
1. 词汇练习
1.. Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was______alive.
A. steadily B. instantly C. formerly D. permanently
2.Listening is thus an active, not a______, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
A. considerate B. sensitive C. reliable D. Passive
3.Little Tom sat______watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze
4.It was________of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
A. careless B. considerate C. patient D. generous
5.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _______ review of the case.
A. comprehensive B. complicated C. conscious D. crucial
7..I’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
A. special B. superior C. grateful D. attractive
【答案】 1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C
2. 冠词填空
Once ______ man wanted to go from one side of _____rover to the other in _____boat.He had to take with him _____sheep,____wolf and ____basket of vegetables.But he could take only one of them a time,beceuse ____boat was very small."If I leave _____wolf and sheep together,_____wolf may eat _____sheep."he said to himself"If I leave ____sheep and _____vegetables together,_____sheeo may eat _____vegetables."He thought and thought.At last,he had ______idea.And he was able to _____other side of _____river with ______sheep,_____wolf and the vegetables.Do you know how he did it?
答案 ：Once ___a___ man wanted to go from one side of __a___river to the other in __a___boat.He had to take with him ___a__sheep,__a__wolf and __a__basket of vegetables.But he could take only one of them a time,beceuse _the___boat was very small."If I leave _the____wolf and sheep together,__the___wolf may eat __the___sheep."he said to himself"If I leave _the___sheep and ___the__vegetables together,__the___sheep may eat ___the__vegetables."He thought and thought.At last,he had ___an___idea.And he was able to go to ___the__other side of ___the__river with ____the__sheep,__the___wolf and the vegetables.Do you know how he did it?
3. 习文练笔
[题目要求]
假定你是一名高中生,一次一位外国朋友问你,除了在学校学习英语之外还有什么其他途径练习英语.
请你根据提示用英语写出你参加“英语角”的情况.
提示1:"英语角"于两年前成立,许多中学生参加,有时也有些大学生和外国友人来此.2:活动时间：每周六下午.3:活动内容：练习英语口语,谈论大家共同感兴趣的事情,交流学习英语的经验等.4:谈你参加此活动的体会.
[思路点拨]
1．时态：主要为一般现在时和一般过去时；人称：一般用第一人称。
2. 所给提示要写全
[词汇热身]
① 英语角 ______________
② 口语____________
【答案】　①English corner　 ②oral/spoken English

[句式温习]
1．英语角成立于两年前。（被动语态）
2． 我得到了练习口语的机会。
【答案】　1.English corner was founded two years ago
　 2. I get the opportunities to practice my oral English
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】　
Apart from learning the curriculum English at school, I also attend the English corner every Saturday morning. This English corner was founded two years ago with many high school students taking part. As university students and foreigners sometimes come here as well, it has become a fantastic place for learning English in a more efficient and practical way. By communicating with contemporaries and experts in English, I get the opportunities to practice my oral English, share experience in learning English, and talking about things where we share the same interest.
Being a regular participant in the English corner now, I improved my English not only in the language itself, but also in terms of the culture of the language, which provides me with more understanding of what and how to learn. I'll certainly continue sticking to the corner every Saturday, hoping someday becoming an expert in English learning just like some of my "English-corner-friends".

六、单元自测
1. 句子翻译
1. 他又惊又喜站起来领奖.
2. 这张桌子比那一张长了两倍
3. 这是我听到的最有趣的故事了。（否定词+比较级）
【答案】
1. He stood up and accepted the prize, surprised and happy
2.This table is twice longer than that one
3．I have never heard a more interesting story before. 4.
2. 知识运用
1）完形填空
Dear Seth,
You are only three years old, and at this point in your life you are not able to understand this letter. But some day when you___1___, I hope you will find something __2__in what I am going to share with you.
Life can be __3__ . There will be people in your life who won’t be very nice. They’ll __4___ you because you are different, __5__for no good reason . You will also face heartbreak and might be __6__ by those you love. I hope you don’t have to face these too much , but such things __7__.
Be open to life anyway. You’ll find cruelty(残忍) and__8__in your journey through life , but don’t let that__9__ you from finding new things . Don’t retreat （退却）from life , and don’t __10__ or wall yourself off . Be open to new things , new experiences ,and new people . You will __11__ many times ,but if you allow that to stop you from trying , you will __12_ many chances . Do remember failure is a stepping stone to __13__.
You will meet many people who will try to do __14__ than you , in school, in college, and at work. They’ll try to have nicer cars, bigger houses, nicer clothes, and so on. . To __15_ , life is a competition.However, I believe life is a __16_. If you always try your best to __17__ others, you are wasting your life . Learn to enjoy your life__18_ and you will make it a journey of __19__ ,of learning and of love.
Finally , know that I love you and always will. You are _20__ a really wonderful journey , and I will always be there for you.
Love
Dad
1: A．grow up B．show up C． cheer up D．give up
2: A．familiar B．valuable C．normal D．interesting
3: A．unkind B．peaceful C．equal D．simple
4: A．look at B．run after C．laugh at D．look after
5: A．if B．but C．so D．or
6: A．hurt B．found C．accepted D．impressed
7: A．matter B．work C．disappear D．happen
8: A．luck B．pain C．difference D．hope
9: A．protect B．encourage C．stop D．choose
10: A．forgive B．struggle C．compete D．hide
11: A．leave B．prepare C．escape D．fail
12: A．enjoy B．try C．miss D．meet
13: A．success B．life C．action D．sorrow
14: A．earlier B．better C．less D．faster
15: A．you B．me C．him D．them
16: A．challenge B．drama C．journey D．dream
17: A．change B．pardon C．follow D．beat
18: A．somewhere B．instead C．afterwards D．though
19: A．cruelty B．danger C．happiness D．quietness
20: A．starting B．destroying C．finishing D．replacing
答案: 1- 5 ABACD 6- 10 ADBCD 11- 15 DCABD 16- 20 CDBCA
2）阅读理解

W