高中高考英语 单项填空专题训练 特殊句式课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,特殊句式,特殊句式主要指：省略、倒装、强调、祈使、反意疑问句和主谓一致。其中高考考查的重点是省略、倒装和强调结构。其主要考点依次是：,1.,省略句,（,1,）在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略，同时将从句的谓语动词变为分词形式。,专题导读,（,2,）在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从句的主语是,it,，谓语是,be,动词时，从句的主语、谓语可以省略。如：,When/Where/If necessary,（,3,）当句子的谓语部分省略时，若只用代词代替句子，则需用代词的宾格形式。,（,4,）当省略不定式的内容时，须保留,to,。,（,5,）注意,not,，,so,，,neither,的“替代性”省略。,2.,感叹句、祈使句和反意疑问句,（,1,）,what,与,how,引导的感叹句作为宾语从句出现在试题中，其难点有两方面：一是复数名词或不可数名词前面用,what,还是,how,；二是感叹句的语序。,（,2,）祈使句的主要考点：根据句式特点判断是祈使分句还是状语成分；祈使句,and/or,结果分句。,（,3,）反意疑问句主要考查主从复合句和并列句后面的反意疑问句。,3,倒装句,（,1,）以,then,now,thus,here,there,out,in,up,down,away,开头，谓语动词多为,go,come,follow,begin,end,be,等，主语又是名词或名词词组，则用全部倒装。若主语是代词，则不能倒装。,（,2,）当地点类介词短语位于句首，且后有不及物动词,be,come,sit,live,stand,lie,exist,等，主语又是名词或名词词组时，常用全部倒装。若主语是代词，则不能倒装。,（,3,）,so/suchthat,句型中，,so/such,位于句首时，,so/such,后的主句倒装，,that,从句不倒装。,（,4,）在以,never,seldom,not only,rarely,scarcely,in no way,等否定或半否定词开头的句中用部分倒装。,（,5,）,only,置于句首修饰状语（副词、介词短语）或状语从句等时用部分倒装。,（,6,）在,hardlywhen,no soonerthan,not until,句型以及,as,引导的让步状语中的倒装。,（,7,）在省略了,if,的虚拟条件句中，,were,had,或,should,置于句首的倒装。,（,8,）让步状语从句连词,though,as,引起的形式倒装。,（,9,）让步状语从句连词,however,（,no matter how,）,adj,./,adv,.,引起的形式倒装。,4.,强调句型,（,1,）强调句型的疑问句形式。,（,2,）,not until,的强调结构。,5.,主谓一致,主谓一致主要以单项填空的形式来测试语法一致的原则，意义一致的原则，就近一致的原则，同时还涉及动词时态、语态和修饰等。高考试题一般不会单独考查主谓一致，而是借助于时态、语态及句式（如倒装句）等间接考查。,2012,年高考将注重考查各知识点之间的交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识的力度，在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合到一起，考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。,（）,1.Jane wont join us for dinner tonight and_.,A,neither wont Tom,B,Tom wont either,C,Tom will too D,so will Tom,【,解析,】,B,本题考查否定结构。根据前面的“简今晚不来吃晚饭了”，可知是一个否定结构，所以后面的句式也应该是否定形式。因此选,B,。,neither wont Tom,是双重否定，表示肯定的含义。,Tom will too,so will Tom,都是表示肯定的句式。,（）,2.Its nice.Never before_ such a special drink!,Im glad you like it.,A.I have had,B.I had,C.have I had D.had I,【,解析,】,C,本题考查倒装句。,never,位于句首，该句应用倒装结构，又由语境可知该句应使用现在完成时。,真题典例,（）,3.Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours_ a decision.,A,they reached B,did they reach,C,they reach D,do they reach,【,解析,】,B,本题考查倒装句。句中,Only,修饰时间状语从句“,after they had discussed the matter for several hours”,。“,Only,状语从句”置于句首，主句应该用部分倒装结构，故排除,A,、,C,两项。再结合状语从句中的过去完成时可判断该空应该用一般过去时，故选,B,。,（）,4.Its not what we do once in a while _ shapes our lives,but what we do consistently.,A,which B,that,C,how D,when,【,解析,】,B,本题考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，题干为强调句型，被强调部分为,what,引导的主语从句。句意为：并非我们偶尔为之的事情塑造我们的生活，而是我们一贯之行造就我们的生活。,（）,5.It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._,，,wed better take it to the garage immediately.,A.Otherwise B.If not,C.But for that D.If so,【,解析,】,D,考查省略句的用法。,A,项意为“否则”；,B,项意为“如果不”；,C,项意为“要不是那个”；,D,项意为“如果这样的话”。根据句意“听上去车的引擎出故障了。要是这样的话，我们最好立刻把它送往修理厂。”可知选项,D,合适。,（）,6.Bring the flowers into a warm room _theyll soon open.,A.or B.and,C.but D.for,【,解析,】,B,本题考查特殊句式。祈使句,and/or,简单句，相当于“,if/if not,，主句”，根据语境“（如果）把这些花带到温暖的房间，它们会很快开放的”，因此选择连词,and,合适。,（）,7._ a strange plant!Ive never seen it before.,A.Which B.What,C.How D.Whether,【,解析,】,B,本题考查感叹句的用法。根据句意“多么奇怪的植物！”，句中被感叹的词,plant,是名词，因此用,what,。,（）,8.Only when he reached the teahouse _ it was the same place hed been in last year.,A,he realized B,he did realize,C,realized he D,did he realize,【,解析,】,D,本题考查倒装结构。,only,位于句首，且修饰状语，句子运用部分倒装。,真题典例,（）,9.One third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_ black people.,A,is;are B,is;is,C,are;are D,are;is,【,解析,】,A,本题考查主谓一致。“分数,/the majority,of,the,名词”作主语，句子的谓语动词的数与,of,后的名词保持一致。故根据,the country,可判断第一空填,is,；根据,the citizens,可判断第二空填,are,。,真题典例,（）,10.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_ benefits our work most.,A.who B.which,C.that D.what,【,解析,】,C,考查强调句型。所填词与,it is,构成强调句型，被强调部分是,not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do,，指物，用,that,，选,C,。其余选项与题意不符。,（）,11.Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down?,A,where B,that,C,which D,what,【,解析,】,B,本题考查强调句。此处强调的是句子的地点状语,on a lonely island,，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：,Was it,被强调部分,that,句子？句意：“他是不是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上被营救的？”,（）,12.Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?,Of course,I have.It was in our village _it was made.,A,that B,where,C,when D,which,【,解析,】,A,考查强调句型。套用强调句型“,It is/was that”,可知,A,项正确，此处强调的是地点状语,in our village,。,（）,13.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which_ saved for other purposes.,A.is B.are,C.was D.were,【,解析,】,D,考查主谓一致。句意为：工厂用了,65%,的原材料，剩下的原材料被节省下来作其他用途。定语从句的主语为,the rest of which,，即,the rest of the raw materials,，可知从句的谓语应为复数，同时注意主从句时态的一致，故选,D,。,（）,1._,，,Franks never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.,A,As hard he tries,B,Try hard as he might,C,As hard as he tries,D,Try as hard as he might,【,解析,】,B,考查倒装句。语意：尽管,Franks,尽力地去尝试，但他似乎永远不能把工作做得很让人满意。,as,表示“尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句时，可用“动词（副词）,as,主语助动词”的特殊倒装形式。,新题预测,（）,2.Wasnt it until Michael ran into me _ he recognized I was once his partner?,A,then B,when,C,which D,that,【,解析,】,D,考查强调句型。本句是含有,notuntil,结构的强调句型的一般疑问句，高考试题往往避开考生熟悉的陈述句而采用疑问句来增加难度。,（）,3.Little _ about her own safety,though she was in great danger herself.,A,did Rose care B,Rose did care,C,Rose does care D,does Rose care,【,解析,】,A,考查倒装句。考生容易误选,B,项，原因是忽略了否定词位于句首要用倒装的用法。,little,是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装句。,（）,4.Ive tried very hard to improve my English,but by no means _with my progress.,A,the teacher is not satisfied,B,is the teacher not satisfied,C,the teacher is satisfied,D,is the teacher satisfied,【,解析,】,D,考查倒装句。考生容易误选,C,项，原因是忽视了含有否定意义的短语位于句首要用倒装的用法。表示否定意义的短语,by no means,位于句子的开头，句子应该用部分倒装。,（）,5._ you got the news that the rocket was sent up successfully?,From the radio.,A,How was it that B,How it was that,C,What was it that D,What it was that,【,解析,】,A,考查强调句型。根据答语“,From the radio.”,可知应用表示方式的疑问词,how,；该句是强调句的特殊疑问句式，语序应为特殊疑问词,is/was it that,其他成分，故选,A,。,（）,6.Whats all that noise?,Just in front of the bus _ an injured man,all covered with blood.,A,where lies B,lies,C,does lie D,lying is,【,解析,】,B,考查倒装句。当介词短语置于句首且主语为名词时，句子要使用全部倒装语序，本题中谓语动词,lies,直接提前。,新题预测,（）,7.For a moment nothing happened,and then _ all shouting together.,A,voices had come B,came voices,C,voices would come D,did voices come,【,解析,】,B,考查倒装句。句意：有一会儿什么都没有发生，然后传来了众人齐喊的声音。以,then,引起的句子中，谓语动词常为,be,come,go,等，且主语为名词，句子要用完全倒装，故选,B,项。,新题预测,（）,8._it rain tomorrow,we would have to cancel the football match.,A,Were B,Would,C,Will D,Should,【,解析,】,D,考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果明天下雨，我们将不得不取消足球比赛。前半句是对将来情况的虚拟，应用虚拟语气，正常语序是“,If it should rain tomorrow”,，省略,if,后，要将,should,提到主语之前，引起倒装。,新题预测,（）,9.When people cut down big trees,new trees should be planted._ they will have no trees to cut down in the future.,A,If not B,If so,C,If no so D,If dont,【,解析,】,A,考查句子的省略。句意：当人们砍倒大树时，应该种植新树，不然的话，他们以后就没有树木可砍了。,if not,意为“如果不，不然”；,if so,意为“如果这样的话”。,（）,10._ she was standing and waiting for a bus that she caught sight of the former President Clinton.,A.It was while B,As soon as,C,While D,During the time when,【,解析,】,A,考查强调句型。判断规则：若把,it was,和,that,去掉，并适当调整句子结构，句子仍然成立，则属于强调句型；否则，不属于强调句型。例如：,it was in the street,和,that I met one of my old friends.,根据判断原则应该变为：,I met one of my old friends in the street.,句子成立，所以属于强调句型。此处原句如下：,While she was standing and waiting for a bus she caught sight of the former President Clinton.,译文：站着等公交车时，她看到了前总统克林顿。,（）,11.You should have thanked the hostess before leaving.I meant _.But I couldnt find her when I was leaving.,A,to do B,to,C,doing D,doing so,【,解析,】,B,考查动词不定式的省略。题中,mean to,表示“本打算要做某事”。动词不定式的省略直接在动词后保留动词不定式符号,to,即可，故选,B,。,（）,12._ can you expect to get a pay rise.,A,With hard work,B,Although work hard,C,Only with hard work,D,Now that he works hard,【,解析,】,C,考查倒装句。从倒装的主谓结构“,can you expect”,就能选出,C,。,only,在句首修饰状语的时候要倒装。,（）,13._ it with me and Ill see what I can do.,A,When left B,Leaving,C,If you leave D,Leave,【,解析,】,D,考查“祈使句,and,陈述句”。题中前半句为祈使句，故应用动词原形开头，所以选,D,。,（）,14.He is a man of few words,and seldom speaks until _ to.,A.spoken B,speaking,C,to speak D,spoke,【,解析,】,A,考查句子的省略。根据情景译文如下：他是一个寡言少语的人，他很少跟别人讲话，除非别人跟他说话。他是被动说话，所以用被动语态。从句主语与主句主语都是,He,，选项中只有,A,项动词的过去分词表“被动”概念，故,A,为正确答案。,（）,15._ she is not so healthy _ she used to be?,A,Why is it that;what,B,Why it is that;as,C,Why is it that;as,D,Why it is that;who,【,解析,】,C,考查强调句型。在强调句型使用特殊疑问句结构时，应该遵循以下格式：疑问结构是：特殊疑问词 ,is/was,it,that,？故选择,C,项。,