资源描述
第一部分
• Efficiency效率P8
– “Doing things right”
– Getting the most output for the least inputs
• Effectiveness效果
– “Doing the right things”
– Attaining organizational goals
The Manager: P44
Omnipotent or Symbolic?
• Omnipotent View of Management管理万能论
- the view that managers are directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure. 认为经理直接负责组织的成功或失败
• Symbolic view of Management管理象征论 - the view that much of an organization’s success or failure is due to external forces outside managers’ control. 认为一个组织的成功或失败大部分是由管理者控制之外的外部力量所造成的观点
• What’s Your Global Perspective?全球观（全球视角）P71
• Parochialism狭隘主义 - viewing the world solely through your own perspectives, leading to an inability to recognize differences between people.
• Ethnocentric Attitude民族中心论 - the parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country.本国取向
• Polycentric Attitude多国论 - the view that the managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running their business.东道国取向
• Geocentric Attitude全球中心论 – a world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe.全球取向
• Multinational Corporation (MNC)跨国公司 - a broad term that refers to any and all types of international companies that maintain operations in multiple countries. 任一或所有类型的在多国维持经营的国际性公司。
• The Decision Making Process决策制定过程P179
• Identifying a problem识别决策问题
• Identifying decision criteria 确认决策标准
• Allocating weights to the criteria为决策标准分配权重
• Developing alternatives开发备选方案
• Analyzing alternatives分析备选方案
• Selecting an alternative确定实施方案
• Implementing the alternatives实施方案
• Evaluating decision effectiveness评估决策结果
Problem问题 - an obstacle(障碍) that makes it difficult to achieve a desired goal or purpose.
• Why Do Managers Plan?为什么管理者要制定计划
• Purposes of Planning计划的目的
– Provides direction给出方向
– Reduces uncertainty降低不确定性
– Minimizes waste and redundancy减少重复和浪费
– Sets the standards for controlling便于控制
Mission: 使命P227
a statement of the purpose of an organization对组织目的的声明
• The scope of its products and services其产品和服务的范围
• Organizational Design - a process involving decisions about six key elements:组织结构设计的六大基本要素P265
• Work specialization工作专门化
• Departmentalization部门化
• Chain of command指挥链
• Span of control管理跨度
• Centralization and decentralization集权与分权
• Formalization正规化
• What Is Communication?P405
• Communication沟通 - the transfer and understanding of meaning.意义的传递和理解
• Transfer means the message was received in a form that can be interpreted by the receiver.
• Understanding the message is not the same as the receiver agreeing with the message.
• Interpersonal Communication人际沟通-communication between two or more people.主要指存在于两人或多人之间的沟通；
• Organizational Communication组织沟通- all the patterns, networks, and systems ofcommunications within an organization.主要指组织中沟通的各种方式、网络和系统。
• What Is Motivation? 什么是动机P430
• Motivation动机- the process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining a goal.个体为实现目标而付出努力的强度、方向和坚持性
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory马斯洛的需要层次理论:
• Hierarchy of needs theory需要层次理论 - Maslow’s theory that human needs — physiological生理需要, safety安全需要, social社交需要, esteem尊重需要, and self-actualization自我实现需要— form a sort of hierarchy。
• 五种需要可以分为低级和高级两个部分。
• 每个人都有五种层次的需要，这是一个由低到高的、循序渐进的、循环往复的过程。
• 每个需要层次必须得到实质的满足后才会激活下一个目标，更高一级的需要才会成为主导需要。
• 每个个体在同一时间上只可能有一个层次上的主导需要。
• 低级需要通过外部得到满足，高级需要通过内部得到满足。
第二部分 精准掌握
Management skills管理技能P13
• Technical skills技术技能
– Knowledge and proficiency in a specific field
• Human skills人际技能
– The ability to work well with other people
• Conceptual skills概念技能
– The ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and complex situations concerning the organization
• Stakeholders利益相关者P50 - any constituencies in the organization’s environment that are affected by an organization’s decisions and actions.
• Organizational Culture组织文化P52 - The shared values, principles, traditions, and ways of doing things that influence the way organizational members act. 组织成员共有的影响其行动的价值观、行为准则、传统习俗和做事的方式
• Strong Cultures强文化 - Organizational cultures in which key values are intensely held and widely shared.重点价值被强烈拥有和广泛共享的组织文化
• Social responsibility社会责任 P125 - A bussiness’s intention, beyond its legal and economic obligations,to do the right things and act in ways that are good for society企业的是一种意图：它超越了法律和经济的义务，做正确的事情，按照对社会有益的方式行动。
• escalation of commitment承诺升级P184
An increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence it may have been wrong. 一种在过去决策基础上不断增加承诺和投入的现象，哪怕有证据表明已经作出的决策是错误的。
• Types of Problems P186
• Structured Problems结构化问题-straightforward, familiar, and easily defined problems.
Unstructured Problems非结构化问题- problems that are new or unusual and for which information is ambiguous or incomplete
• Strategic Plans战略计划P207
-Plans that apply to the entIre organization and establish the organization’s overall goals适用于整个组织,建立组织的总体目标的计划
• Core competencies核心能力P228
• - the organization’s major value-creating capabilities that determine its competitive weapons. 组织的主要的创造价值的,决定它的竞争武器的能力
第三部分 理解
• Contingency Factors in Planning影响计划工作的权变因素：P211
• Manager’s level in the organization组织的层次
• Degree of environmental uncertainty环境的不确定性
• Length of future commitments计划工作的时间框架
• Contingency Factors affecting structural choice影响组织选择的权变因素P274
• Strategy and Structure策略
• Size and Structure规模
• Technology and Structure技术
• Environmental Uncertainty and Structure环境不确定性
• Mechanistic organizational structures tend to be most effective in stable and simple environments. 机械式组织
• The flexibility of organic organizational structures is better suited for dynamic and complex environments. 有机式组织
• Characteristics of effective teams有效团队的特征
Clear goals目标明确,unified commitment一致的承诺,appropriate leadership合适领导力,relevant skills相关技能,mutual trust相互信赖,good communication良好的沟通能力, negotiating skills谈判技能,internal and external support内外在支持
• Understanding Social NetworksP363
• Communication process contains 7 elements P422
First，a sender(发送者) has a message.A message(信息) is a purpose to be conveyed.Encoding converts a message into symbols.A channel is the medium(媒介) a message travels along.Decoding(解码) happens when the receiver(接受者) retranslates a sender’s message.Finally,feedback(反馈) occurs.
• Who Are Leaders and
What Is Leadership? 谁是领导者，什么是领导P460
• Leader领导者- Someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority. 能够影响他人并拥有职权的人。
• Leadership领导 - What leaders do; the process of influencing a group to achieve goals. 影响群体实现目标的过程
• 领导者要有下属和追随者
• 领导者拥有影响他人的能力和力量
• 领导者通过影响他人来达到组织的目标
• 影响他人的能力和力量：他人所必需依赖的、稀缺的、无法替代的资源。也可以表现为权力。
• Ideally, all managers should be leaders. 管理者应该是领导者
• What Is Controlling?P486
Controlling控制 - the process of monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance监视各项活动以保证它们按计划进行并纠正各种重要偏差的过程。
Planning-Controlling Link
案例分析 激励理论
计算题 线性规划法 决策树法
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