定语从句之先行词(含答案解析).doc

定语从句之先行词
综合练习
题号
I
II
III
总分
得分

一、句子翻译（本大题共4小题，共8.0分）
1. 分析再翻译：看下面的句子，分别找出各句的先行词和关系代词，并指出引导词在句子中作什么成分，然后将句子译成汉语
    (1)This is the stranger who helped us yesterday.
    先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
    译文：______________________________________________________________________
    (2)The boy whom the teacher often praises is their monitor.
    先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
    译文：______________________________________________________________________
    (3)Fruit trees which once grew only in China can be found in many parts of the world.
    先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
    译文：______________________________________________________________________
    (4)The gold medal which she won has been given to her old school.
    先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
    译文：______________________________________________________________________
    (5)The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
    先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
    译文：______________________________________________________________________
    (6)The report that was handed in by Mr Turner was about the motor race.
    先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
    译文：______________________________________________________________________
    (7)I know the person whose company produces computers.
    先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
    译文：______________________________________________________________________
    (8)I once lived in the house whose windows were much larger than usual.
    先行词：________；关系代词：________；关系代词在从句中作________。
    译文：______________________________________________________________________
2. 约翰要给捡到他钱包的出租司机一百元作为酬劳。(reward; wallet; who）
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. 按给出的中文意思，用括号内所给的英语或句式提醒，翻译句子。
我高度评价那些为梦想而努力的同学。(those;定语从句)
_________________________________________________________________________
4. 根据括号内的提示或要求，将下列句子翻译成英语。
假设你的朋友找了一个你不喜欢的男朋友或女朋友，你会对你朋友说出你真实的感受吗？ (Suppose)
_____________________________________________________________________
二、语法填空（本大题共3小题，共45.0分）
5. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。（请将答案写在答题卡上）
Diet and way of life are often a problem for teenagers. However, if you eat the right food and exercise (1)   (regular), you can feel better, look better and have more energy. So healthy eating along   (2)    regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit.
As a teenager, it is important to give your body the energy  (3)   needs. For a healthy diet, you should eat mostly rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. You also need to drink a lot of water.  (4)    (drink) enough water will improve your skin and give you healthy hair.
Exercise is something  (5)   can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. Teenagers should spend at least 30 minutes exercising, five times a week. Walking and riding your bike count, and  (6)   do school sports. When you exercise, your body produces  (7)   (chemical) that make you feel peaceful and   (8)    (relax) and increase your ability to concentrate when you study. A good amount of sleep every night   (9)    (be) also important for your health. Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep each night.
If you follow the suggestions above, you will look and feel much    (10)    (good) in no time at all!
（1）               
（2）               
（3）               
（4）               
（5）               
（6）               
（7）               
（8）               
（9）               
（10）               
6. I'm not sure  (1)  is more frightened， me or the female gorilla（大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere． I' m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic． Unexpectedly， I'm face﹣to﹣face with the gorilla， who begins screaming at  (2)  top of her lungs． That makes her baby scream， and then a 400﹣pound male appears．He screams the   (3)  （loud ）of all． The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me． I quickly lower myself， ducking my head to avoid   (4)  （look）directly into his eyes so he doesn′t feel   (5)  （challenge）．
    My name is Mireya Mayor． I'm a   (6)  （science）who studies animals such as apes and monkeys． I was searching  (7)  these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing． No one had seen them for hours， and my colleagues and I were worried．
    When the gorillas and I frightened each other， I was just glad to find   (8)  （they）alive．True to gorilla′s unaggressive nature， the huge animal  (9)  （mean）no real harm．He was just saying： " I'm king of this forest， and here is your reminder! "Once his message was delivered， he allowed me   (10)  （stay）and watch．
____________
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7. 阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Nearly 800 new pupils ofLianhua Elementary School in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, is reported     (1)    (receive) a unique gift: an admission letter    (2)      their names are written by teachers using Chinese writing brush.    (3)     (similar), Nanjing Normal University has been sending their freshmen calligraphy（书法） admission for eleven years. Several former professors in    (4)   70s take about a week writing more than 4,500 admission letters every year.
It is believed in China that “handwriting is the man,”    (5)    (mean) good handwriting can not only cultivate one’s temperament (气质), but can also reflect one’s literacy and character. At present,   (6)   (tradition) calligraphy has again become a compulsory lesson in many Chinese primary and middle schools, which aims    (7)   (improve) students’ cultural competence（能力）. At the same time, parents are attaching great importance      (8)    children’s calligraphy practice. It is fair to say that calligraphy is not left out in today’s fast-paced society;    (9)  , its incomparable value is standing out.
The charm of Chinese culture embodied in calligraphy can always strike a chord with（引起共鸣） writers and      (10)   (view). Do you have any interest in learning it?
三、单选题（本大题共26小题，共26.0分）
8. With his attention ______on the computer games, he failed in the exam, _____made his parents disappointed.
A. concentrating, which B. concentrating, that
C. concentrated, which D. concentrated, as
9. _______ is known to us, the dragon stands for China ______the bear symbolizes Russia.
A. It; but B. As; while C. What; while D. It; when
10. ​She said that the building would be finished by October, _________ I doubt very much.
A. who B. when C. that D. which
11. I disagree with the facts ___________ your argument is based．
A. that B. which C. whose D. on which
12. The story happened on a day ___the weather was wet and cold.
A. when　　 B. which　　 C. that　　　 D. who
13. You should have known waiting for you in the rain _______ more than one student, along with the only one of the teachers who _____ to take part in the concert.
A. are, is B. was, was C. were, was D. was, were
14. Is this chicken farm ____________we visited three years ago?
A. in which B. where C. the one D. /
15. _______ is known to us all that the old scientist, for _______ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.
A. As; whose B. It; whose C. As; whom D. It; whom
16. The Chinese general said in an interview that the PLA would do all _______ they can to protect every inch of our territory (领土).
A. which B. that C. who D. as
17. Generally, people with plans can catch chances more easily than ______ who don’t get prepared in advance.
A. ones B. these C. some D. those
18. A football fan（球迷）is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. a thing that B. something that　
C. a person who D. what
19. The farm ______ we see today is no longer the one ______ it was ten years ago.
A. which; which B. where; that C. where; what D. that; that
20. ​Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
21. There is a tall tree outside, _________ stands our teacher.
A. which B. that C. where D. in which
22. What can guarantee the stability of the Chinese economy are the two factors: the increase of investment abroad and the response of the consumer market, __________ have worked well so far.
A. either of which B. all of whom
C. both of which D. each of whom
23. Never before ______ such a thrilling game ______ you can experience life-and-death events one after another.
A. have I played; that B. had I played; that
C. had I played; where D. have I played; where
24. She doesn’t like __________ he says to his parents..
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
25. It is reported that a number of buildings, _____ are being built in my hometown, will be finished next year.
A. that of some B. which some C. some of them D. some of which
26. He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, _______ that had the best colour.
A. that B. ones C. those D. one
27. President Xi’s visit to the UK creates a win-win situation, _____ both China and the UK will benefit a lot in economic and social development.
A. one where B. one
C. which D. the one in which
28. Mr. White is a kind and selfless professor, __________ cares more for others than for himself.
A. the one B. the one who C. one who D. one
29. The Literature Salon creates a platform ____many literature lovers think can provide a chance for them to share their thoughts.
A. where B. which C. what D. who
30. A number of audience were present in the registration center in the morning, the number of ________ was 300; ________, the host had forgotten to arrange temporary accommodations.
A. who; therefore B. whom; nevertheless
C. what; besides D. which; rather
31. We will call on the man____ we think can speak very good English.
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
32. Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children ____some worry is changing the very nature of childhood.
A. why B. which C. who D. where
33. The law must be strictly observed and ________ breaks it shall be punished.
A. those B. anyone who C. anyone D. those who
答案和解析
1.【答案】(1)the stranger；who；主语；这是昨天帮助我们的陌生人。   
(2)the boy；whom；（praise的）宾语；老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。   
(3)fruit trees；which；主语；曾经只在中国种植的果树在世界许多地方都可以见到。   
(4)the gold medal；which；（won的）宾语；她曾经获得的金牌已经被送给她的母校了。   
(5)the woman；that；（about的）宾语；我在报纸上读到的那个女人刚刚夺得一枚金牌。   
(6)the report；that；主语；由特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。   
(7)the person；whose；（company的）定语；我认识那个人，他的公司生产计算机。   
(8)the house；whose；（window的）定语；我曾经住在那个窗子比一般窗户大很多的房子里。

【解析】
(1)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the stranger，关系代词是who，在从句中作主语。故填：the stranger；who；主语；这是昨天帮助我们的陌生人。    
(2)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the boy，关系代词是whom，在从句中作宾语。故填：the boy；whom；（praise的）宾语；老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。   
(3)分子句子结构，可知先行词是fruit trees，关系代词是which，在从句中作主语。故填：fruit trees；which；主语；曾经只在中国种植的果树在世界许多地方都可以见到。    
(4)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the gold medal，关系代词是which，在从句中作宾语。故填：the gold medal；which；（won的）宾语；她曾经获得的金牌已经被送给她的母校了。    
(5)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the woman，关系代词是that，在从句中作宾语。故填：the woman；that；（about的）宾语；我在报纸上读到的那个女人刚刚夺得一枚金牌。   
(6)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the report，关系代词是that，在从句中作主语。故填：the report；that；主语；由特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。    
(7)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the person，关系代词是whose，在从句中作定语。故填：the person；whose；（company的）定语；我认识那个人，他的公司生产计算机。   
(8)分子句子结构，可知先行词是the house，关系代词是whose，在从句中作定语。故填：the house；whose；（window的）定语；我曾经住在那个窗子比一般窗户大很多的房子里。
2.【答案】John wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet.
【解析】
want to do sth.想要做某事，动词短语；give sb. sth.给某人某物，动词短语，在这里用不定式作want的宾语；as a reward作为回报，介词短语；who had found his wallet.捡到他钱包的，限制性定语从句，who在定语从句中充当主语，表示人，出租司机the taxi driver 是被修饰的部分，也就是先行词，故译为ohn wanted to give 100 yuan as a reward to the taxi driver who had found his wallet。
3.【答案】I think highly of those who work hard to achieve their dreams (for their dreams).
【解析】
分析句意，此句应用一般现在时。我I，主格，高度评价......think highly of...，those那些，指示代词，后面接限制性定语从句，先行词those，所以应用关系代词who，努力work hard，固定短语，实现他们的梦想achieve their dreams （achieve for their dreams），固定短语。故答案是I think highly of those who work hard to achieve their dreams (for their dreams)。

4.【答案】Supposed your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend who you don't like. Would you tell your friend how you feel?
【解析】
根据汉语意思可知，假设suppose；后面加一个宾语从句，your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend；接了一个定语从句who 有don't like；你真实的感受how 有feel，故译为​Supposed your best friend has a new boy/girlfriend who you don't like. Would you tell your friend how you feel?
5.【答案】1.regularly
2.with
3.it
4.Drinking
5.that
6.so
7.chemicals
8.relaxed
9.is
10.better

【解析】
1.考查单词成分。句意：如果你能吃正确的食物并且有规律地运动。此处修饰动词，应用副词形式。故填regularly。
2.考查固定搭配。句意：所以健康的饮食和规律的锻炼可能是身体健康的唯一途径。”along with：与......，同......一道“为固定搭配。故填with。
3.考查指示代词。句意：给身体提供所需的能量是很重要的。此处为一个定语从句，引导词that在从句中作宾语可以省略，句子缺乏主语，用it代指前面提到的your body。故填it。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：饮用足量的水可以提高你的肤质并且给你健康的头发。此处用动名词短语做主语。故填Drinking。
5.考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：运动可以帮助你看起来很好，感觉良好，身体健康。在定语从句中，若先行词为不定代词，应使用引导词that。故填that。
6.考查固定搭配。句意：步行和骑自行车计数，学校体育也是如此。so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+名词/代词，表示......也一样。此处表示校园运动也和散步和骑自行车一样有助于身体健康。故填so。
7.考查名词形式。句意：你的身体生产出化学物质。根据句意，可知应该用复数形式。故填chemicals。
8.考查动词形式。句意：放松，提高你学习的能力。此处描述人的主观感受，应使用-ed形式。故填relaxed。
9.考查主谓一致。句意：每天晚上大量的睡眠对你的健康也很重要。主语是sleep，为不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，文章时态为一般现在时，故填is。
10.考查形容词比较级。句意：如果你遵循上面的建议，你将在任何时候看起来和感觉很好。much修饰比较级。故填better。
6.【答案】【小题1】
which
【小题2】
 the
【小题3】
 loudest
【小题4】
looking
【小题5】
challenged
【小题6】
scientist
【小题7】
for
【小题8】
them
【小题9】
meant
【小题10】
 to stay

【解析】
此处表示我不确定哪一个更加害怕。考查宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示"哪一个"。故填which。

at the top of固定短语，在…...的顶端。故填the。

考查最高级，后面有表示范围的词of all，所以用最高级。故填 loudest。

avoid doing sth.固定短语，避免做某事。故填looking。

feel后面加形容词，作表语，表示"被挑战的"，所以用过去分词。故填challenged。

考查名词，后跟定语从句，关系词用who，所以先行词为人。故填scientist。

search for固定短语，寻找。故填for。

find后面用人称代词宾格，作宾语，故填them。

根据前后句可知，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态。故填meant。

allow sb. to do sth.固定句型，允许某人做某事。故填to stay。
7.【答案】1.to have received
2.where
3.Similarly
4.their
5.meaning
6.traditional
7.to improve
8.to
9.instead
10.viewers
【解析】
略
8.【答案】C
【解析】
句意：所有的注意力都放在了电脑游戏上，他考试没能及格；这让他的父母非常失望。with+宾语+宾语补足语, 由句子成分分析可知，这里的concentrate和his attention之间是被动关系，故用过去分词concentrated; 他因玩游戏而考试不及格这件事让父母非常失望，可知，前面整个主句做了后面句子的主语，在非限制性定语从句中，整个主句做主语放前面，用which; 故选C。
9.【答案】B
【解析】
句意：​众所周知，龙代表中国，而熊象征俄罗斯。考查as引导的非限制性定语从句，指代后面整句话内容，while表对比，故选B。
10.【答案】D
【解析】
句意：她说，这栋建筑将在10月前完工，我对此表示怀疑。which引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面句子的内容，从句中缺少宾语，只能用关系代词，而that不能引导非限制性定语从句，who只能指人，when是关系副词，故选D。
11.【答案】D
【解析】
句意：我不同意你的论点所基于的论据。 本句是介词+which构成的定语从句，be based on以……为基础，固定搭配。故选D。
12.【答案】A
【解析】
考察定语从句，句意：故事发生在天气潮湿寒冷的一天。定语从句，先行词为a day，在从句中做时间状语，应用关系副词when。故选A。
13.【答案】B
【解析】
本句意为“你本应该知道不止一个学生和老师在雨中等着你。”首先，这个句子是个虚拟语气。“你本应该知道……”其实你不知道，是对过去的虚拟。其次，从句部分是倒装结构，如果不倒装就是：More than one student, together with all the teachers, was waiting for you in the rain.主语为more than one student；第二空one前面有the only等词修饰，则one of the teachers的语义重心