定语从句重点难点归纳.doc

定语从句重点难点归纳
思考:名从和定从的引导词一样吗？
1. 引导定语从句的关系代词没有what, whatever, however对吗？
2. That 在名词性从句和定语从句中的不同？
3. 定语从句和同位语从句的不同？
4. 定从的难点在那里？
定语从句关系词
关系代词：
指人： who, whom,
指人和物： that, whose
指物： which, as
关系副词： when, where, how, why
§如果表示地点，时间，原因，方式的先行词做后面从句的宾语或主语时，引导词用that / which.
请指出关系代词/副词在定语从句中的成份：
1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( )
4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( )
5. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( )
6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( )
7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( )
8. We shall never the days when we lived together. ( )
考点1：that 与 which
1) Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand?
2) The only thing _____ we can do is to give you some advice.
3) Who is the man _____ is standing there?
4) Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， ______ brought her heart into her mouth.
考点2：the way用做先行词，填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1.The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2.The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple.
3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
一：that的用法
以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。
1. 先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。(something 除外）
e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.
**先行词被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some修饰时也用that.
2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。
e.g. This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
3. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰时，用that。
e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.
4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.
5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。
e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly.
二：which的用法
Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。
e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, ____ brought her heart into her mouth.
2. The weather turned out to be good, ___ was more than we could expect.
三：介词+关系代词
“of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。
e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person she could turn for help.
2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
关系代词前介词的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure.
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.
5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：
e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. =They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
难点一：介词+关系代词的情况
Is this the watch that you are looking for?
The old man whom I am looking after is better .
考点3：介词+关系词
1. Do you know the boy __ _____ your mother is talking?
2. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I
am not very familiar.
3. I still remember the day ___ _____ I first got to Paris.
4.This is the child _______ I will take care of.
5. I was given three books on cooking, the first ______I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
练习: 介词+关系代词的使用
1.  Do you like the book ___________she spent $10?
2.  Do you like the book ___________she paid $10?
3.  Do you like the book ___________ she learned a lot?
4.  Do you like the book ______________ she often talks?
5. He built a telescope ______________ he could study the skies.
6. There is a tall tree outside, _____________ stands our teacher.
7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________is the Yellow River.
8. The tower _____________ people can have a good view is on the hill.
9. The man ____________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.
10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most __________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:
1. The sun gives us heat and light, ______ which we can’t live.
2. The student _______ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.
3. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said good-bye to me.
4. Who can give me the reason ______ which he hasn’t turned up yet?
四:关系副词的运用
在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。
e.g.1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child.
2. It was an exciting moment for these people this year, ______ for the first time their team won the World Cup.
1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
难点二：一些特殊词之后的where
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
1.Gragually we came to the point where we have different opinions.
2.He is now in a difficult situation where he is likely to lose his job.
3.There is system where you can phone and tell us the numbers and you’ll get the book.
4.They tried to set up a state of their own, where they would be treated equally.
5.I just want to get a job where I can be greatly valued.
难点三：综合考查
近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。
综合考查一：定语从句与强调句where\that
1.This is the library_____I borrowed the book.
2.It is from this library____I borrowed the book.
3. ---Where did you last see Mr. Smith?
---It was in the hotel____ I lived.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句
1. We all have heard the news_____ our team won.
2. We don’t believe the news _________ he told us yesterday.
综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句
The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which
◆非限制性定语从句和单句的比较
1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.
2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.
3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.
4.He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.
5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.
五：as与which引导的定语从句
两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。
e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.
3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。
e.g. She has married again, as was expected.
She has married again, which was unexpected.
4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
5. 由as引导的定语从句 as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。
1. such … as… “像……一样的”，
the same…as “像……之类”
the same…that “像……之类”(同物)
注意！
在这两个句型中, as是关系代词，其中such，same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、宾、表。
This is the same thing as we are in need of.
Such people as you say are short now.
Exx：
1.I have never heard such stories ____ he tells.
2. His idea was such a good one ____ we all agreed to use it.
The earth is round._____ is known to all.
The earth is round,_____ is known to all.
_____ is known to all, the earth is round
______ is known to all that the earth is round.
as\that\which
1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.
3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.
模拟训练 ：
1. He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______.
A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him
2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed the robbery.
A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as
Correct the sentences:
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.
6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
7. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.
9.This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.
10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.
11. We heard the news which our team won the game.
12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.
13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.
14. That was the reason because she looked old.
15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.
16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.
17. It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently.
18. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.
19. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.
20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.
21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.
22. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today.
23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.
24. The bike by which I travelled was his.

1.that与which
2.对the way的考查
3.介词+关系词
4.as的使用
5.对where的考查
6.综合考查

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