金融财经类常用词汇表达.doc

金融财经类词汇 a－z

A

accommodative monetary policy适当的货币政策
according to the international practice按照国际惯例
adverse selection逆向选择
adjustable fatigue调整疲劳症
affordable housing projects安居工程
aggregate demand总需求（社会总需求）
aggregate purchasing power社会商品购买力
aggregate supply总供给（社会总供给）
allocative efficiency资源配置效率
allocative decision(基金等的)分配方案
anti-dumping duty反倾销税
anti-inflation policy反通货膨胀政策
arm’s length transactions独立交易；非关系户交易
Article VIII country经常项目可兑换的国家；接受国际货币基金组织协定第八条款
austerity policies紧缩政策
autarky   封闭经济（指由政府造成的，含贬义）

B   

blue chip stock蓝酬股
bonded area保税区
bottom (trough) of business cycle周期谷底
bridge bank过度银行
budget constraint预算约束
business cycle经济周期
business tax营业税
buyer’s market 买方市场

C     

Cayman Islanders （为逃避监管）在开曼岛注册的（金融）机构
capacity utilization设备利用率
capital account convertibility资本项目可兑换
capital budget建设性预算
capital flight资本外逃；资本抽逃
capital reflow资本回流
carryover effect翘尾因素
cautious in lending慎贷
central bank lending中央银行贷款（再贷款）
chain debts三角债
chamber of commerce商会
change in reserve assets储备资产增减
change-of-ownership-based accounting principle所有权核算原则
CHIBOR(China inter-bank offered rate) 中国同业拆借市场利率
China Insurance Clause(CIC) 中国保险条款
CHIPS(Clearing House Inter-bank Payment System) 同业支付清算系统
circuit breaker涨跌停板
city commercial bank城市商业银行
claims on the non-financial sector对非金融部门债权
clearing house清算所
closed economy不开放经济
commodity-related cash reflow商品回笼
competitive devaluation竞争性贬值
concealed accounts账外账
concerted intervention联手干预
conditional convertibility有条件的可兑换
conditionality（国际货币基金组织的）贷款条件
conduct of monetary policy制定和执行货币政策
conform to a certain standard符合一定的标准
conservatorship托管
consumer price index（CPI）消费物价指数
contagion effect扩散效应
convergence criteria趋同标准
convertible currency可兑换货币
cost-push inflation成本推动型通货膨胀
countercyclical policy逆周期政策
countervailing duty反补贴税
credit control信贷规模控制
credit crunch信贷紧缩
credit rating信用评级
credit ratings资信评级
credit reference system信用查询系统
credit to related interest对关系人贷款
credit worthiness信誉度
creditor country债权国
cross-border banking跨境银行业务
currency board货币局制
currency composition币种构成
currency mismatch币种搭配不当
currency outside bank流通中现金
current account经常项目
current account convertibility经常项目可兑换
current budget经常性预算
custody of government debt国债托管
customs and practice惯例与做法
cyclical divergence 经济周期不同步

D  
debt fatigue债务疲劳症
debt forgiveness债务减免
debt overhang债务过重
debt rescheduling债务重组
debt service ratio偿债率（当年应付本金和利息与出口总值之比）
debt-equity swap债权转股权
debtor country债务国
deflation通货紧缩
demand elasticity需求弹性
demand expansion需求膨胀
demand-pull inflation需求拉动型通货膨胀
denomination mismatch币种搭配不当
deposit insurance system存款保险体系
deposit money banks存款货币银行
deregulation放松管制
derivative（金融）衍生工具
diminishing returns收益递减规律
disbursement of foreign capital实际利用外资
disguised irregular (or illegal) fund raising变相社会集资
disguised unemployment隐蔽性失业
disintermediation脱媒现象；信贷资金绕过中介机构循环
disinvestment投资萎缩效应
distorted signals信号失真
distributional efficiency产品分配效益
domestic credit国内信贷总额
domestic debt内债
down-stream enterprises下游企业
dual exchange rate system 汇率双轨制；双重汇率制  
E   
early-warning system风险遇警系统
easing monetary policy放松银根
economic depression经济萧条
economic fundamentals宏观经济基本状况；经济基本面
economic indicators经济指标
economic recession经济衰退
economic sanction经济制裁
economic stagnation经济停滞
economies of scale规模效益
economies of scope多元效益
effective supply有效供给
effective tax rate实际税率
electronic data interchange(EDI) 电子数据交换
emerging market新兴市场
endogenous shock内生冲击
enforcement action强制措施
entrenched interest既得利益
excess capacity生产能力过剩
exchange rate misalignment汇率失调
exogenous shock外生冲击
expenditure changing policy影响支出的政策
export-oriented economy出口导向型经济
external debt外债
external liberalization 对外开放  

F   
final consumption最终消费
final product最终产品
finance companies财务公司
financial crisis金融危机
financial deepening 金融深化
financial derivatives金融衍生物
financial disintermediation脱媒；资金体外循环
financial disturbance金融风波
financial fragility金融脆弱
financial oligarch金融寡头
financial panic金融恐慌
financial repression金融压抑
financial turbulence金融动荡
financial unsoundness金融不稳键
financing gap资金缺口
fine turning微调
fiscal agent国库代理
fiscal consolidation财政整顿（包括增收节支和改善结构）
fiscal creation of money财政性发行
fiscal outcome财政决算
fiscal overdraft财政透支
fiscal restraint财政节制
fit and proper test（对高级管理人员的）资格审查
flight to quality资本逃险；资本惊逃
forced saving强迫储蓄
foreign direct investment外国直接投资
foreign exchange cover外汇抛补
foreign exchange reserves外汇储备
foreign exchange surrender结汇
foreign exchange swap外汇调剂
freely convertible currency可自由兑换货币
frictional unemployment摩擦性失业
full employment充分就业
full face value全部面值
fundamental analysis 基本面分析  

G  
GDP deflator国内生产总值缩减指数
general government广义政府（包括地方政府和中央政府）
general market risk一般市场风险
goodwill商誉
government divestiture政企分开（离）
government sector政府部门
government securities repurchase 国债回购
gross capital formation资本形成总额
gross domestic product(GDP) 国内生产总值
gross national product(GNP) 国民生产总值
gross retail sales  社会商品零售额

H   
hard currency硬通货
heavily-indebted poor countries(HIPCs) 重债穷国
hedge fund对冲基金；避险基金；套利基金
herd instinct羊群效应
hidden inflation隐蔽性通货膨胀
hidden unemployment隐蔽性失业
home country母国
hostile takeover敌意收购
hot money热钱；游资
hyperinflation 恶性通货膨胀

I  
incentive structure  激励机制
incomes policy收入政策
Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则
independent accounting独立核算
indexation指数化
industrial policy产业政策
infant industry幼稚产业
inflation expectation通货膨胀预期
inflation inertia通货膨胀惯性
inflation tax通货膨胀税
informatics信息产品
information asymmetry信息不对称
information disclosure信息披露
inheritance tax 遗产税
insider transactions内幕交易
insolvency资不抵债；失去支付能力
Institute of London Underwriters伦敦保险协会
institutional investors机构投资者
institutional purchasing power社会集团购买力
institutional shareholders法人股东
intellectual property知识产权
interlocking relationship（在不同金融机构）兼职关系
involuntary unemployment非自愿性失业
issue IOU 打白条

J  
judicial proceeding  法律诉讼

L  
labor shedding消减冗员
lagged effect滞后效应
laid-off employees 下岗工人
legal jurisdictions法律管辖权
legal tenders法币
less developed countries(LDCs) 欠发达国家
leveraged buyout杠杆收购（指主要通过借款收购公司）
LIBOR(London interbank offered rate) 伦敦同业拆放利率
limit down跌停板
limit up涨停板
listed corporations上市公司
low-cost housing projects  安居工程

M
macroeconomic management宏观调控；宏观管理
macroeconomic objectives宏观管理目标；宏观经济目标
managed floating exchange rate有管理的浮动汇率
mandatory measures指令性措施
mandatory plan指令性计划
market access市场准入（指商品和劳务的进入）
market capitalization市值
market entry市场准入（指机构的审批）
market exit市场退出
market failure市场调节失调
market maker造市者
market producer市场生产者
market risk市场风险
market segmentation市场分割
market share市场占有率；市场份额
marketability适销性；产销衔接
material injury实质性损害
merchandise trade商品贸易（相对于服务贸易而言）
monetary base基础货币
monetary condition银根
monetary contraction银根紧缩
monetary overhang货币供应过多
monetary policy stance货币政策态势
monetary survey货币概览
money illusion货币幻觉
money laundering洗钱
money supply货币供给
mono-bank system大一统的银行体系
moral hazard道德危害；道德风险
moral persuasion道义劝说
most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇
mull and void无效的，作废的
multilateral netting多边轧差
multiple currency practice多重货币做法
multiple exchange rate regime多重汇率体制
mutual fund共同基金

N
NASDDAQ（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System）美国券商协会自动报价系统

national disposable income国民可支配收入
national income国民总收入
national saving国民储蓄
national treatment国民待遇
natural unemployment rate自然失业率
net domestic product（NDP）国内生产总值
neutral fiscal policy中性财政政策
new sources of economic growth新经济增长点
nominal anchor名义支撑点
non-bank financial institutions非银行金融机构
non-financial corporate sector非金融企业部门
non-investment grade非投资级别
non-performing loans不良贷款
non-profit organizations非盈利机构
notary public　公证人

O
off-budget expenditure（revenue）预算外支出（收入）
offshore banking离岸银行业务
offshore financial center离岸金额中心
open economy开放经济
open inflation显性通货膨胀
open market operation公开市场操作
opening price开盘价
operational target操作目标
opportunity cost机会成本
outlay overrun超支
output gap产出缺口
outstanding household deposits居民储蓄存款余额
over competition过度竞争
overstaffing人浮于事
over-the-counter （OTC） transaction场外交易
owner's equity所有者权益

P
paid-up capital实缴资本
par value面值
pay-as-you-go pension scheme现收现付养老金制度
peer pressure伙伴国压力
pegged exchange rate钉住汇率
pension fund养老基金
per capita GDP人均国内生产总值

per capita income人均收入
performance-based pay system按劳付酬制度
phased implementation逐步到位
policy bank政策性银行
policy instrument政策工具
policy mix 政策组合
policy slippage政策失误；政策偏差
policy-related operations政策性业务
portability （of pension funds,etc.）（养老金等的）可携性；可转移性
portfolio investment证券投资
poverty alleviation扶贫
pre-emptive adjustment预调
preferential policies优惠政策（倾斜政策）
price liberalization价格放开
price-earnings（P/E） ratio市盈率
pricing-mechanism价格形成机制
primary industry第一产业
primary market一级市场
procyclical policy顺周期政策
professional ethics职业道德
progressive tax rate累进税率
prudential supervision审慎监管
public good公共物品
public sector公共部门（包括政府，国有企业及政府所有的其他机构）
public sector borrowing requirement公共部门融资缺口
public utilities公用事业
purchasing power parity（PPP）购买力平价
purchaser's price购买者价格

Q
quality stock绩优股
quasi-fiscal deficit准财政赤字
quasi-money　准货币　

R
rational expectation合理预期
real effective exchange rate实际有效汇率
real time实时
realized profit实现利润
recapitalization资本重组；补充资本
receivership接管
reciprocal holdings相互持股
recognition of bad debt清分坏账
red chips红酬股
regional disparity地区差别
registered capital注册资本
reluctance to lend惜贷
rent seeking寻租
repatriation of profits利润汇回
replacement cost重置成本

repository智囊团；知识库
repurchase agreement （repo agreement）证券汇购协议
required reserves存款准备金；法定准备金
reserve bank储备银行
reserve currency储备货币
reserve requirement存款准备金（要求）
restrictive policies限制性政策
restructuring plan重组计划
retail price index （RDI）零售物价指数
retail shares散股
retaliatory tariff报复性关税
return on assets （ROA）资产利润率
return on capital资本利润率
returns on equity （ROE）权益回报率
risk awareness风险意识
risk clientele effect客户的风险群体效应
risk monitoring and warning system风险监控和警戒系统
royalty资源税
rule of law法治
run on banks挤提存款

R
safety net安全网
scarcity economy稀缺经济
secondary market二级市场
segregation of financial industry金融业分业经营
self-financed investment自酬投资
self-identifying自己识别
seller’s market卖方市场
shadow price影子价格
snowballing雪球效应
social security contribution社会保险税
social security社会保障
social welfare社会福利
soft budget constraint软预算约束
soft landing软着陆
sovereign credit国家信用
sovereign rating主权信用评级
sovereign risk主权风险
special drawing right（SDR）特别提款权
specific tax从量税
stagflation 滞涨
standard money本位币
statutory legislation 法律规定
sterilization operation对冲操作
stock pile产品积压
stocks and flows存量和流量
structural distortion结构扭曲
structural imbalance结构失调
structural rigidity结构僵化
structural unemployment结构性失业
sub-contractors分包商
subordinate debt 次级债务
subscribed capital 认缴资本
subsidiary companies子公司
substandard loans次级贷款
sunrise industries朝阳产业
sunset industries夕阳产业
supervisory board监事会
surcharge附加税
surtax附加税
sustainable economic growth可持续经济增长
SWIFT国际金融电讯协会
SWIFT（Society for Worldwide International Financial Telecommunication）环球银行业金融电信协会
System of National Account（SNA）国民账户体系
systemic effect系统性影响
systemic financial crisis系统性金融危机

T
tariff incentives关税优惠
tax arrears欠税
tax avoidance避税
tax compliance依法纳税
tax erosion税收流失
tax evasion逃税
tax refund（rebate）退税
tax shelter避税
tax threshold （税收）起征点
technical analysis技术分析
technology-intensive技术密集型
tertiary industries第三产业；服务行业
the exception of clause免除条款
The ICC Executive Board国际商会执委会
The ICC International Court of Arbitration国际商会国际仲裁院
The International Chamber of Commerce国际商会
The Uniform Rules for bank-to-bank Reimbursement（URR）银行间偿付统一规则
total factor productivity全要素生产率
transition economy转轨经济
transmission mechanism传导机制
treasury bills短期国债
treasury bonds长期国债
turnover tax流转税

U
undercapitalized资本不足
underground economy地下经济
underlying inflation自发性通货膨胀；内在通货膨胀
uniform Customs and Practice（UCP）统一惯例
unit tax rate定额税收
universal bank全能银行
upside potential（down potential）上行空间（下行空间）
URC国际托收统一规则

V
value added增加值
value-added tax（VAT）增值税
value at risk风险价值量
velocity of money货币流通速度
venture capital风险资本
voluntary export restraint自愿出口限额

W
wholly state-owned commercial banks国有独资商业银行
window dressing practices装饰门面的做法
window guidance窗口指导