1、金融财经类词汇 a-z A accommodative monetary policy适当的货币政策 according to the international practice按照国际惯例 adverse selection逆向选择 adjustable fatigue调整疲劳症 affordable housing projects安居工程 aggregate demand总需求(社会总需求) aggregate purchasing power社会商品购买力 aggregate supply总供给(社会总供给) allocative efficiency资源
2、配置效率 allocative decision(基金等的)分配方案 anti-dumping duty反倾销税 anti-inflation policy反通货膨胀政策 arm’s length transactions独立交易;非关系户交易 Article VIII country经常项目可兑换的国家;接受国际货币基金组织协定第八条款 austerity policies紧缩政策 autarky 封闭经济(指由政府造成的,含贬义) B blue chip stock蓝酬股 bonded area保税区 bottom (trough) of busi
3、ness cycle周期谷底 bridge bank过度银行 budget constraint预算约束 business cycle经济周期 business tax营业税 buyer’s market 买方市场 C Cayman Islanders (为逃避监管)在开曼岛注册的(金融)机构 capacity utilization设备利用率 capital account convertibility资本项目可兑换 capital budget建设性预算 capital flight资本外逃;资本抽逃 capital reflow资本回流
4、carryover effect翘尾因素 cautious in lending慎贷 central bank lending中央银行贷款(再贷款) chain debts三角债 chamber of commerce商会 change in reserve assets储备资产增减 change-of-ownership-based accounting principle所有权核算原则 CHIBOR(China inter-bank offered rate) 中国同业拆借市场利率 China Insurance Clause(CIC) 中国保险条款 CHIPS(Clea
5、ring House Inter-bank Payment System) 同业支付清算系统 circuit breaker涨跌停板 city commercial bank城市商业银行 claims on the non-financial sector对非金融部门债权 clearing house清算所 closed economy不开放经济 commodity-related cash reflow商品回笼 competitive devaluation竞争性贬值 concealed accounts账外账 concerted intervention联手干预 con
6、ditional convertibility有条件的可兑换 conditionality(国际货币基金组织的)贷款条件 conduct of monetary policy制定和执行货币政策 conform to a certain standard符合一定的标准 conservatorship托管 consumer price index(CPI)消费物价指数 contagion effect扩散效应 convergence criteria趋同标准 convertible currency可兑换货币 cost-push inflation成本推动型通货膨胀 count
7、ercyclical policy逆周期政策 countervailing duty反补贴税 credit control信贷规模控制 credit crunch信贷紧缩 credit rating信用评级 credit ratings资信评级 credit reference system信用查询系统 credit to related interest对关系人贷款 credit worthiness信誉度 creditor country债权国 cross-border banking跨境银行业务 currency board货币局制 currency compos
8、ition币种构成 currency mismatch币种搭配不当 currency outside bank流通中现金 current account经常项目 current account convertibility经常项目可兑换 current budget经常性预算 custody of government debt国债托管 customs and practice惯例与做法 cyclical divergence 经济周期不同步 D debt fatigue债务疲劳症 debt forgiveness债务减免 debt overhang债务过重
9、debt rescheduling债务重组 debt service ratio偿债率(当年应付本金和利息与出口总值之比) debt-equity swap债权转股权 debtor country债务国 deflation通货紧缩 demand elasticity需求弹性 demand expansion需求膨胀 demand-pull inflation需求拉动型通货膨胀 denomination mismatch币种搭配不当 deposit insurance system存款保险体系 deposit money banks存款货币银行 deregulation放松
10、管制 derivative(金融)衍生工具 diminishing returns收益递减规律 disbursement of foreign capital实际利用外资 disguised irregular (or illegal) fund raising变相社会集资 disguised unemployment隐蔽性失业 disintermediation脱媒现象;信贷资金绕过中介机构循环 disinvestment投资萎缩效应 distorted signals信号失真 distributional efficiency产品分配效益 domestic credit
11、国内信贷总额 domestic debt内债 down-stream enterprises下游企业 dual exchange rate system 汇率双轨制;双重汇率制 E early-warning system风险遇警系统 easing monetary policy放松银根 economic depression经济萧条 economic fundamentals宏观经济基本状况;经济基本面 economic indicators经济指标 economic recession经济衰退 economic sanction经济制裁 economic
12、stagnation经济停滞 economies of scale规模效益 economies of scope多元效益 effective supply有效供给 effective tax rate实际税率 electronic data interchange(EDI) 电子数据交换 emerging market新兴市场 endogenous shock内生冲击 enforcement action强制措施 entrenched interest既得利益 excess capacity生产能力过剩 exchange rate misalignment汇率失调 ex
13、ogenous shock外生冲击 expenditure changing policy影响支出的政策 export-oriented economy出口导向型经济 external debt外债 external liberalization 对外开放 F final consumption最终消费 final product最终产品 finance companies财务公司 financial crisis金融危机 financial deepening 金融深化 financial derivatives金融衍生物 financial di
14、sintermediation脱媒;资金体外循环 financial disturbance金融风波 financial fragility金融脆弱 financial oligarch金融寡头 financial panic金融恐慌 financial repression金融压抑 financial turbulence金融动荡 financial unsoundness金融不稳键 financing gap资金缺口 fine turning微调 fiscal agent国库代理 fiscal consolidation财政整顿(包括增收节支和改善结构) fisca
15、l creation of money财政性发行 fiscal outcome财政决算 fiscal overdraft财政透支 fiscal restraint财政节制 fit and proper test(对高级管理人员的)资格审查 flight to quality资本逃险;资本惊逃 forced saving强迫储蓄 foreign direct investment外国直接投资 foreign exchange cover外汇抛补 foreign exchange reserves外汇储备 foreign exchange surrender结汇 foreig
16、n exchange swap外汇调剂 freely convertible currency可自由兑换货币 frictional unemployment摩擦性失业 full employment充分就业 full face value全部面值 fundamental analysis 基本面分析 G GDP deflator国内生产总值缩减指数 general government广义政府(包括地方政府和中央政府) general market risk一般市场风险 goodwill商誉 government divestiture政企分开(离) g
17、overnment sector政府部门 government securities repurchase 国债回购 gross capital formation资本形成总额 gross domestic product(GDP) 国内生产总值 gross national product(GNP) 国民生产总值 gross retail sales 社会商品零售额 H hard currency硬通货 heavily-indebted poor countries(HIPCs) 重债穷国 hedge fund对冲基金;避险基金;套利基金 herd in
18、stinct羊群效应 hidden inflation隐蔽性通货膨胀 hidden unemployment隐蔽性失业 home country母国 hostile takeover敌意收购 hot money热钱;游资 hyperinflation 恶性通货膨胀 I incentive structure 激励机制 incomes policy收入政策 Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则 independent accounting独立核算 indexation指数化 industrial policy产业政策 infant industry幼稚
19、产业 inflation expectation通货膨胀预期 inflation inertia通货膨胀惯性 inflation tax通货膨胀税 informatics信息产品 information asymmetry信息不对称 information disclosure信息披露 inheritance tax 遗产税 insider transactions内幕交易 insolvency资不抵债;失去支付能力 Institute of London Underwriters伦敦保险协会 institutional investors机构投资者 instituti
20、onal purchasing power社会集团购买力 institutional shareholders法人股东 intellectual property知识产权 interlocking relationship(在不同金融机构)兼职关系 involuntary unemployment非自愿性失业 issue IOU 打白条 J judicial proceeding 法律诉讼 L labor shedding消减冗员 lagged effect滞后效应 laid-off employees 下岗工人 legal jurisdiction
21、s法律管辖权 legal tenders法币 less developed countries(LDCs) 欠发达国家 leveraged buyout杠杆收购(指主要通过借款收购公司) LIBOR(London interbank offered rate) 伦敦同业拆放利率 limit down跌停板 limit up涨停板 listed corporations上市公司 low-cost housing projects 安居工程 M macroeconomic management宏观调控;宏观管理 macroeconomic objectives宏观管理目
22、标;宏观经济目标 managed floating exchange rate有管理的浮动汇率 mandatory measures指令性措施 mandatory plan指令性计划 market access市场准入(指商品和劳务的进入) market capitalization市值 market entry市场准入(指机构的审批) market exit市场退出 market failure市场调节失调 market maker造市者 market producer市场生产者 market risk市场风险 market segmentation市场分割 mar
23、ket share市场占有率;市场份额 marketability适销性;产销衔接 material injury实质性损害 merchandise trade商品贸易(相对于服务贸易而言) monetary base基础货币 monetary condition银根 monetary contraction银根紧缩 monetary overhang货币供应过多 monetary policy stance货币政策态势 monetary survey货币概览 money illusion货币幻觉 money laundering洗钱 money supply货币供给
24、 mono-bank system大一统的银行体系 moral hazard道德危害;道德风险 moral persuasion道义劝说 most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇 mull and void无效的,作废的 multilateral netting多边轧差 multiple currency practice多重货币做法 multiple exchange rate regime多重汇率体制 mutual fund共同基金 N NASDDAQ(National Association of Securities Dealer
25、s Automated Quotation System)美国券商协会自动报价系统 national disposable income国民可支配收入 national income国民总收入 national saving国民储蓄 national treatment国民待遇 natural unemployment rate自然失业率 net domestic product(NDP)国内生产总值 neutral fiscal policy中性财政政策 new sources of economic growth新经济增长点 nominal anchor名义支
26、撑点 non-bank financial institutions非银行金融机构 non-financial corporate sector非金融企业部门 non-investment grade非投资级别 non-performing loans不良贷款 non-profit organizations非盈利机构 notary public 公证人 O off-budget expenditure(revenue)预算外支出(收入) offshore banking离岸银行业务 offshore financial center离岸金额中心 open econo
27、my开放经济 open inflation显性通货膨胀 open market operation公开市场操作 opening price开盘价 operational target操作目标 opportunity cost机会成本 outlay overrun超支 output gap产出缺口 outstanding household deposits居民储蓄存款余额 over competition过度竞争 overstaffing人浮于事 over-the-counter (OTC) transaction场外交易 owner's equity所有者权益
28、 P paid-up capital实缴资本 par value面值 pay-as-you-go pension scheme现收现付养老金制度 peer pressure伙伴国压力 pegged exchange rate钉住汇率 pension fund养老基金 per capita GDP人均国内生产总值 per capita income人均收入 performance-based pay system按劳付酬制度 phased implementation逐步到位 policy bank政策性银行 policy instrument政策工具 poli
29、cy mix 政策组合 policy slippage政策失误;政策偏差 policy-related operations政策性业务 portability (of pension funds,etc.)(养老金等的)可携性;可转移性 portfolio investment证券投资 poverty alleviation扶贫 pre-emptive adjustment预调 preferential policies优惠政策(倾斜政策) price liberalization价格放开 price-earnings(P/E) ratio市盈率 pricing-mecha
30、nism价格形成机制 primary industry第一产业 primary market一级市场 procyclical policy顺周期政策 professional ethics职业道德 progressive tax rate累进税率 prudential supervision审慎监管 public good公共物品 public sector公共部门(包括政府,国有企业及政府所有的其他机构) public sector borrowing requirement公共部门融资缺口 public utilities公用事业 purchasing power p
31、arity(PPP)购买力平价 purchaser's price购买者价格 Q quality stock绩优股 quasi-fiscal deficit准财政赤字 quasi-money 准货币 R rational expectation合理预期 real effective exchange rate实际有效汇率 real time实时 realized profit实现利润 recapitalization资本重组;补充资本 receivership接管 reciprocal holdings相互持股 recognition of bad de
32、bt清分坏账 red chips红酬股 regional disparity地区差别 registered capital注册资本 reluctance to lend惜贷 rent seeking寻租 repatriation of profits利润汇回 replacement cost重置成本 repository智囊团;知识库 repurchase agreement (repo agreement)证券汇购协议 required reserves存款准备金;法定准备金 reserve bank储备银行 reserve currency储备货币 reser
33、ve requirement存款准备金(要求) restrictive policies限制性政策 restructuring plan重组计划 retail price index (RDI)零售物价指数 retail shares散股 retaliatory tariff报复性关税 return on assets (ROA)资产利润率 return on capital资本利润率 returns on equity (ROE)权益回报率 risk awareness风险意识 risk clientele effect客户的风险群体效应 risk monitoring
34、 and warning system风险监控和警戒系统 royalty资源税 rule of law法治 run on banks挤提存款 R safety net安全网 scarcity economy稀缺经济 secondary market二级市场 segregation of financial industry金融业分业经营 self-financed investment自酬投资 self-identifying自己识别 seller’s market卖方市场 shadow price影子价格 snowballing雪球效应 social sec
35、urity contribution社会保险税 social security社会保障 social welfare社会福利 soft budget constraint软预算约束 soft landing软着陆 sovereign credit国家信用 sovereign rating主权信用评级 sovereign risk主权风险 special drawing right(SDR)特别提款权 specific tax从量税 stagflation 滞涨 standard money本位币 statutory legislation 法律规定 steriliza
36、tion operation对冲操作 stock pile产品积压 stocks and flows存量和流量 structural distortion结构扭曲 structural imbalance结构失调 structural rigidity结构僵化 structural unemployment结构性失业 sub-contractors分包商 subordinate debt 次级债务 subscribed capital 认缴资本 subsidiary companies子公司 substandard loans次级贷款 sunrise industrie
37、s朝阳产业 sunset industries夕阳产业 supervisory board监事会 surcharge附加税 surtax附加税 sustainable economic growth可持续经济增长 SWIFT国际金融电讯协会 SWIFT(Society for Worldwide International Financial Telecommunication)环球银行业金融电信协会 System of National Account(SNA)国民账户体系 systemic effect系统性影响 systemic financial crisis系统性
38、金融危机 T tariff incentives关税优惠 tax arrears欠税 tax avoidance避税 tax compliance依法纳税 tax erosion税收流失 tax evasion逃税 tax refund(rebate)退税 tax shelter避税 tax threshold (税收)起征点 technical analysis技术分析 technology-intensive技术密集型 tertiary industries第三产业;服务行业 the exception of clause免除条款 The ICC Ex
39、ecutive Board国际商会执委会 The ICC International Court of Arbitration国际商会国际仲裁院 The International Chamber of Commerce国际商会 The Uniform Rules for bank-to-bank Reimbursement(URR)银行间偿付统一规则 total factor productivity全要素生产率 transition economy转轨经济 transmission mechanism传导机制 treasury bills短期国债 treasury bond
40、s长期国债 turnover tax流转税 U undercapitalized资本不足 underground economy地下经济 underlying inflation自发性通货膨胀;内在通货膨胀 uniform Customs and Practice(UCP)统一惯例 unit tax rate定额税收 universal bank全能银行 upside potential(down potential)上行空间(下行空间) URC国际托收统一规则 V value added增加值 value-added tax(VAT)增值税 value at risk风险价值量 velocity of money货币流通速度 venture capital风险资本 voluntary export restraint自愿出口限额 W wholly state-owned commercial banks国有独资商业银行 window dressing practices装饰门面的做法 window guidance窗口指导






