英语后置定语的详细用法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语定语后置的详细用法,1,后置定语：,放在被修饰词后面,用来修饰这个名词或代词的。,2,The student,who answered the question,was John.,Theweather,inBeijing,iscolderthanthatin,Guangzhou.,Helookedatthestreet,fullofcars,.,Theybuiltahighway,leadingintothemountains,.,Whatsthelanguage,spoken,inthatarea?,Hehadnochance,togoschool,inthoseyears.,Thegirl,asleep,soundlyismyyoungersister.,Theweather,here,isverynice.,The experience,gained,will be of great value to us.,总结后置定语的用法？哪类句子，短语，词可以做后置定语？,3,后置定语可以分为三大类：,1.,定语从句,2.,短语：,3.,单个词,不定式短语,现在分词短语,过去分词短语,非谓语动词短语,形容词短语,介词短语,某些形容词,副词,某些过去分词,4,一,.,定语从句做后置定语,用法：,1.,构成：先行词,+,关系代,/,副词,+,从句,2.,引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。,关系代词：,that,which,whose,who,whom,as,；,关系副词：,when,where,why,。,5,The student,who answered the question,was John.,The boy,(whom)you are talking to,is my brother.,People,who take physical exercise,live longer.,I still remember the day,when/on which my brother joined the army,.,I still remember the days,which/that we spent together.,Id like a room,whose window looks out over the sea.,He changed his mind,which made me very angry.,Translate this sentence into Chinese:,6,二,.,短语做后置定语,1,、介词短语,2,、形容词短语,3,、现在分词短语,4,、过去分词短语,5,、动词不定式,6,、有些形容词常与某些介词短语搭配,非谓语动词,7,1,、,介词短语,做后置定语,介词短语做后置修饰语,在意义上表示,时间、地点、范围、类别、来源、,等语义关系。,例如：,Theweather,inBeijing,iscolderthanthatin,Guangzhou.,（地点）北京的天气比广州冷。,People,intheworld,playbasketball.,（范围）世界上的人们都打篮球。,Hislove,forhiscountry,isverygreat.,（范围）他很热爱自己的国家。,Thecity,ofNewYork,isverylarge.,（范围）纽约城很大。,8,2.,形容词短语,做修饰语时，往往后置。,例如：,Helookedatthestreet,fullofcars,.,他看着车辆拥挤的街道,Italian is a Language,very difficult to learn.,意大利语是一门非常难学的语言。,She has a garden,much larger than yours.,她的花园比你的花园大得多。,9,3,、,现在分词短语,做后置定语,现在分词短语,做定语时，一定放在被修饰成分的后面。,例如：,Theybuiltahighway,leadingintothemountains,.,他们修建了一条通往山里的公路。,Wemetagroupofpupils,returningfromschool.,我们碰到了一群从学校回来的孩子。,10,现在分词短语做后置定语，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。（常表,进行、主动,关系）,但在转换时，要注意动词的主语和时态。,Theybuiltahighway,leadingintothemountains,.,Wemetagroupofpupils,returningfromschool.,例如上述两句可转化为,:,Theybuiltahighway,whichledintothe,mountains.,Wemetagroupofpupils,whoreturned,fromschool.,11,4,、,过去分词短语,做后置定语,表示,被动,意义、,完成,意义或,状态,意义。,例如：,Whatsthelanguage,spoken,inthatarea?,那个地区讲什么语言？,Isthereanything,planned,fortonight?,今晚有什么活动吗？,12,5,、,动词不定式,做后置定语：,与被修饰成分之间表示不同的语义关系：,（,1,）表示动宾关系,（,2,）表示主谓关系,（,3,）表示修饰关系,（,4,）表示同位关系,13,（,1,）表示动宾关系,例如：,Ihavealotofwork,todo,today.,我今天有很多活要干,Hehadabigfamily,tosupport,.,他有一个大家庭需要他来养活。,动,宾,14,（,2,）表示主谓关系,被修饰的名词表示,逻辑主语,修饰它的动词不定式结构表示,逻辑谓语,。,例如：,Hesalwaysthefirst,tocome,.,他总是第一个来。,Amongthemen,totakepartinthework,heisprobablythemostactive.,在要参加这项工作的人中，他恐怕是最积极的。,主,谓,15,（,3,）表示修饰关系,动词不定式对其修饰的成分起一种,描绘阐述,作用。,例如：,Itsalreadytime,tostartplantingtrees,.,已经到了植树的季节。,Hehadnochance,togoschool,inthoseyears.,那时候，他没有机会上学。,16,（,4,）表示同位关系,不定式和被修饰的名词处于,平行关系,只对其起一种,解说,作用。,例如：,Sooncametheorder,tostartthegeneralattack,.,很快下达了发起总攻的命令。,Wegotnoinstructions,toleavethecity,.,我们没有接到离开这座城市的指示。,17,注意：,动词不定式有时可以代替一个定语从句做后置定语。,（一般指将来的，还未做的事情）,例如,(1)Perhaps in the years,to come,(=,that will come,)we will meet again.,（同：,U4,课文最后一句）,也许在未来的岁月中我们还会再见面。,(2)She made a list of things,to be taken,(=,)on the way.,她开了一张要带在路上用的物品清单。,which/that will be taken,18,6,、,有些形容词常与某些介词短语搭配，作后置定语,The leaders,present,at the meeting,totaled eight,出席会议的领导共有八人。,This is a subject,worthy,of careful study,这是一个值得仔细研究的问题,19,三,.,单个词做后置定语,（一）某些形容词,（二）副词,（三）某些过去分词,20,（一）形容词做后置定语,1.,以,a,为词首的形容词,2.,以后缀,-able,和,-ible,结尾的形容词,3.,形容词修饰 由,any-,every-,some-,等跟,-body,-one,-thing,构成的不定代词,21,1.,英语中有些以,a,为词首的形容词做定语时，常放在被修饰语后面。,如：,alone,alike,afraid,aware,ashamed,awake,等,例：,Thegirl,asleep,soundlyismyyoungersister.,正熟睡的小女孩是我的小妹妹。,Heisthegreatestwriter,alive.,他是当代最伟大的作家。,22,2.,以后缀,-able,和,-ible,结尾的形容词，也可后置。,例如：,Heistheonlyperson,reliable,.,他是唯一可信赖的人。,Iknowtheactor,suitable,forthepart.,我认识适合扮演这个角色的演员。,Itstheonlysolution,possible,.,这是唯一可能采取的解决办法。,Arethereanytickets,available,?,还有票吗？,Thatstheonlystar,visible,now.,那是颗现在唯一可见的星。,23,3.,形容词修饰,由,any-,every-,some-,等跟,-body,-one,-thing,构成的,不定代词时，一般放在其后。,例如：,Idlikesomething,cheaper,.,我想买些便宜的东西。,Thereis,inthesky.,天空中有些奇怪的东西。,Thereis,intodaysnewspaper.,今天的报纸上有条重要新闻。,Hewantedtoget,tohelpin,thiswork.,他想找个可靠的人帮忙做这项工作。,something,strange,something,important,someone,reliable,24,（二）副词做后置定语,副词做定语时一般放在名词之后,在意义上表示时间、地点等。,例如：,Theweather,here,isverynice.,这里的天气很好,Thebuilding,around,aremostlyofmodern,constructions.,这附近多数是现代化建筑。,25,（三）部分,过去分词,也可以作后置定语,例如：,left,used,offered,discussed,ordered,injured,concerned,held,arranged,planned,suggested,finished,completed,given,等。,1)Is there anybody,injured,?,有人负伤吗？,2)The money,left,is not enough for so many people to live through.,剩余的钱不够这么多人用的。,3)She liked all the courses,offered,.,她对所开的课程都很喜欢。,4)The experience,gained,will be of great value to us.,取得的经验将我们很有价值。,26,27,