广州历年中考英语重点考点归纳.doc

广州历年中考英语重点考点归纳
2012年广州中考重点考点归纳

必考内容之一： 被动语态
考查形式：单项、完型、完成句子题型出现，尤其是完成句子题型。
考查难度：考察的动词都是比较简单、拼写不超过5个字母的单词，过去分词一般都是直接+ed，出题不难，要求掌握被动语态的判断、被动语态的结构和动词过去分词的正确拼写。
要点归纳：
①结构：be + 过去分词 + (by+动作执行者)
②掌握几种形式：
u 一般现在时的被动语态：
u 一般过去时的被动语态：
u 现在完成时的被动语态：
u 一般将来时的被动语态：
u 含有情态动词的被动语态：
③ 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。
例：make somebody do something → _____________________________________________
④ 被动语态常考的固定搭配：
u be made of

u be made from

u be made in

u be used for =be used to do

u 注意：be used to doing

used to do sth.

⑤ 无被动语态的不与物动词常考的有：happen, take place, begin, start, end,
belong to, come true.
必考内容之二： 宾语从句
考查形式：单项、完成句子
考查难度：考查较全面，考生必须对引导词、时态和语序这三个重点
要点归纳：
① 陈述语序：_____________________________
② 时态：
1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。可归纳为“主现从不限”
2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。可归纳为“主过从四过”
3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。
4.情态动词could/would用于，“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。
③ 宾语从句的简化：_____________________________
区分：what to do & how to do +宾语:
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
④ whether & if 的区别：

____________________________________________
e.g.: They haven’t decided where to build the new hospital.(改为同一意思的复合句)
_____________________________________________________________________
Could you tell me how to keep in touch with you?
______________________________________________________________________
We hope that we shall see you again.
______________________________________________________________________
必考内容之三： 状语从句
考查形式：单项、完型、完成句子，重点考查条件状语从句、目的状语从句、时间状语从句，时间状语从句往往结合过去进行时考查。在完型填空出现一般都是选择正确的引导词。
考查难度：考察较多的是引导词方面的，对于时态方面的考察较少。考生复习时除了要掌握状语从句各个连词的意义，同时也需要掌握“主将从现”的时态要求。
要点归纳：① 时间状语从句：when & while 的运用

注：while有“然而”的意思，表示转折
② as soon as _____________________________________
③ not… until ____________________________________
④ if & unless ____________________________________

考查内容之四：定语从句
考查形式：单项、完型
考查难度：主要考查引导词的选择——关系代词that、which、who以与关系副词where、when
要点归纳：
① that：______________________________________________________
② which：_____________________________________________________
② who：_______________________________________________________
③ where：_______________________________________________________
④ when：_______________________________________________________
⑤ why：________________________________________________________

记忆诀窍：从句是完整的句子则用when/where,不完整时则用which/that.
选项同时出现which & that，则一定不选which/that。
请记住常考的几个与物动词：visit, spend, forget, remember它们后面需接宾语，故用which/that，或省略引导词。
I told him________ he was wrong.
The person _______ broke the window must pay for it.
This is the book________the teacher mentioned yesterday.
He has forgotten the day________he arrived.
He still remembers the days _________ he spent with your family.
Next month,______you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching.
He didn’t tell me the place_________ he was born.
This is the place ________ I have ever visited.
He lived in a small village, ________ was a long way from the railway station.
That is the reason_______ I don’t want to go.
I still remember the day________ I first met Tom
This is the house ________ I want to buy.
This is the house _________ we lived last year.
I still remember the park _________ we first met.
必考内容之五：感叹句
考查形式：单项、完成句子
考查难度：考察较简单，基本属于送分题。考生须掌握how和what引导的感叹句的基本句型，并且熟悉一些常用形容词和副词的拼写。
要点归纳：
① What + a / an +adj. + 单数名词 （+主语+ 谓语）！
② What + adj. + 复数名词 （+主语+ 谓语）！
③ What + adj. + 不可数名词（+主语+ 谓语）！
常考的几个不可数名词：food, news , weather, fun, music, work,
information, advice, suggestion
注意：what引导的感叹句，主语+谓语可以省略
④ How + adj. + a / an + 单数名词（+主语+ 谓语）！
⑤ How + adj. / adv. + 主语+ 谓语！
⑥ How + 句子！

必考内容之六：反意疑问句
考查形式：单项选择
考查难度：较简单，考生只需掌握该语法点的原则，一般都能做对。
要点归纳：
① 原则：1. 前肯后否，前否后肯 2. 前名后代 3. 时态一致
常考的否定词：never, few, little, hardly, no, seldom, nobody, nothing, none
② 常考句型：
u 含有have/ has / had 时
若出现在完成时态中，则用__________________提问
She has done his homework, ________ ________?
否则，找助动词do/does/did 帮忙
　　They had to leave early to catch the train, ______ ______?
　　He has few friends in the new school, ______ ______?
had better 用had
We’d better stay at home today, ____________?
u There be…, ______ there?
u Let's ...,____________? Let us…, _______________?
u 祈使句,________________?
③ 反义疑问句的回答：
若动作发生，则用___________________。若动作未发生，则用___________________。
e.g.: You don’t have money,__________?
注意前面是否定句回答时与中文意思的区别：
如果说你身上的确没有钱,怎么回答：___________________.(中文翻译意思是：____________)
如果说你身上有钱,怎么回答：___________________.(中文翻译意思是：____________)

必考内容之七：动词
考查形式：时态、情态动词、动词短语、分词作形容词、非谓语动词
考查难度：动词是词法的核心，考查范围较大，难度较大
一、时态要点归纳
考点一：主将从现 （在状语从句中已经提到）
考点二：现在完成时
时间标志：for + 时间段、since + 时间点/一般过去时的句子、already、yet、ever、never
“How long...？”、含有“time”表示次数的句子中
要点归纳：
have been to + 地点 _____________________________
区分 have gone to + 地点 _____________________________
have been in + 地点 + for + 时间段 ___________________________

瞬间动词与延续性动词间的转换：
die – be dead buy – have borrow – keep leave/go – be away (from)
make friends – be friends begin / start – be on
arrive / get to / reach / come – be in / be at / stay
join (the Party) – be a (Party) member / be in (the Party)

句型：It is + 时间 + since + 一般过去时的句子
It is three years since he joined the party.
考点三：过去进行时 （在时间状语从句中考查）
考点四：一般现在时（客观真理）、一般过去时 （在宾语从句中考查）

二、情态动词归纳
情态动词有：must, have to, had better, can, could, be able to, may, might, need, will, would, shall, should + 动词原形
考点一：must can 表示推测的运用
_______________________________________________________________
考点二：mustn’t 的运用, 意思是 _________________________
考点三：情态动词一般疑问句的回答
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

三、非谓语动词归纳
只考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语
u to + do （否定式——not +to +do）
1、只能接to + do的动词有：
decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish + to do
2、有些动词加 to do 作宾语补足语，常见的有：
ask, tell, want, teach + sb. + to do + sth.
3、加 to + do 的重点句型有：
① It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱
② It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样
③ Would you like to…?
4、后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有：
一感（feel）二听（hear, listen to）三让（have, make, let）四看（watch, see, look at, notice）半个帮助（help可以带to，也可以省略）
改为被动语态时，to要还原
例如：This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week.

5、省略to 的情况有：
① 情态动词后
② why not/why don’t you…
③ would rather… than…

u doing （否定式——not doing）
1、加 doing做非谓语的动词常考的有：
enjoy，finish，mind，suggest，miss，admit, deny, keep, imagine，practice + doing sth.
2、加doing的情况有：
（1）介词后 + doing 例如：give up doing sth.，be interested in doing sth.等
（2）feel like + doing （喜欢做某事）/ prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(更喜欢……)
（3）to作介词时的几个常用短语：
look forward to/be used to/ pay attention to + doing
3. 既可加to do 也可以加doing，并意思相近的动词有：begin，start, like, love, hate

4. 既可加to do 也可以加doing，但意思不同的动词有：
forget to do 忘记去做某事（事情还没有做）
forget doing 忘记做过某事（事情已经做了，但是忘了）
remember to do 记得去做某事（事情还没有做）
remember doing 记得做过某事 (事情已经做了)
regret to do （对将要做的事）遗憾
regret doing (对已经做过的事)遗憾
stop to do 停下来去做某事（去做另外一件事情）
stop doing 停止做某事 （停止正在做的事情）
归纳记忆：stop...from + doing = prevent...from doing
try to do 尽力去做某事 （区分：manage to do 设法做某事）
try doing 尝试去做某事
keep/go on to do 继续去做某事（停止原来做的事情而继续另一件事情）
keep/go on doing 继续做同一件事情
mean to do = plan to do 打算/计划去做某事
mean doing 意味着做某事

重点区分下列搭配：
感官动词：see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
do sth. 看到/看着某人做某事（全过程）
see/watch sb. doing sth. 看到/看着某人正在做某事（某一片段）

do sth. 听到/注意到某人做某事（全过程）
hear/notice sb. doing sth. 听到/注意到某人正在做某事（某一片段）

I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)
when i passed by her house last night, i saw her ___________ pictures. (draw/drawing)

四、动词短语
近年广州中考高频动词短语归纳
动词和动词短语在广州市中考里面主要是考查同义词和近义词在意义上或用法上的区别，是历年中考必考的内容。
1. speak ________________________ say _________________________
talk __________________________ tell _____________________
2. bring _____________ take _______________ carry __________
3. borrow______________ lend _____________
keep _________________ return=give back__________
4. look after=____________________________
look at____________ look for ______________
look out_______________ look up____________
look down upon _____________ look over _____________
look around_______________ look forward to (doing) sth. ______
5. listen to___________ sound__________ hear_________
hear of=hear about___________ hear from _________________
6. put on _______ wear= be in_________ dress in ___________
dress sb/oneself ____________ dress up __________ try on _____
7. spend___________________ pay_______________
cost_________________ take_____________
collect_____________ afford ______________
8. find __________ find out _________ look for ____________
9. get to ___________ reach ___________ arrive at/in________
注意：home、here、there后面不能加介词
10. take part in = join in ___________ join _____________
attend__________ hold ________________
11. turn on________ turn off________ turn up________ turn down _______
12. 与take有关的短语
take away_________ take part in__________ take care of____________
take charge of_________ take one’s place_________ take place _________
take sth. to sb. ___________ take sb. to +地点 __________________
take off ________________
13. 与put有关的短语
put on ___________ put off_________ put out___________
put away___________ put up _______________
14. 与fall有关的短语
fall asleep__________ fall behind____________反义词 _____________
fall in love with sb.____________ fall ill _____________
fall into bad habit ______________
15.与get有关的短语
get on ________________ get off _________________ get to _______________________
get on (well) with _______________________

五、分词作形容词
考查形式：完型填空
考查难度：一般，只要会判断是该考点，就能做对。
要点归纳：
exciting & excited interesting & interested surprising & surprised boring & bored

常考内容之八：So do I.(我也一样) & So I do. （的确如此）
巧记：的确如此，正常语序。
She works so hard, ________________ her brother.
She didn’t work so hard, ______________ her brother.
She works so hard, _______________.(的确如此)

常考内容之九：代词
① another / other / the other/ others / the others
another“众多中的另一个”；the other“两个中的另外一个”。对应的搭配为“one… another / one…the other 一个……另一个”。
other“其他的”，后面+ ________ ；
the other“其余的”，the other有范围，后面+ ________。(作定语)
others“其他的人/事物”； the others“其余的人/事物”，有范围。（宾语、主语）
总结：
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

用another / other / the other/ others / the others填空
² I have two friends. One is Tom, _________ is Mary.
² I can keep the book for a month, but I’m not allowed to lend it to _________.
² I can’t work out the fifth question, but I have done all ____________.
² Lucy, would you show me _________ photo.
² We should save money to help __________ poor children.

② a few / few / a little / little
a few/ few +可数名词；a little / little +不可数名词。few和little具有否定意义，表示“量少、几乎没有”；a few和a little具有肯定意义，表示量“虽少，一些，一点点”。
用a few / few / a little / little填空
² The student had never learnt history before, so _________ students could pass the history exam.
² The maths problem was difficult but __________ students could still work it out.
² There is __________ water left in the bottle. Can you go and get some for me?
² I still have _________ time. I can help you.
③ something anything everything nothing + 形容词后置
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
④ 反身代词的搭配
by oneself靠某人自己 help yourself to…请随便吃点… lose oneself 迷路
enjoy oneself 玩得开心 teach oneself 自学 = learn sth. by oneself

常考内容之十：数词
考查形式：单项、单词拼写
考查难度：一般
① 常考不规则序数词：first, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth.
(遇到整十的把y改为ie+th)
② hundred, thousand, million, billion与of连用，加s，表示概数。
前面有具体数字时，不加s，不加of
③ “数词+名词（+形容词）”的结构，中间的名词不加s。例如：10-minute walk = __________________
④ 分数的表达：_____________________________________________________________
⑤ “在……多少岁”的表达：__________________________________________________
⑥“a + 序数词”表示：_____________________________________________________
⑦ a number of
_____________________________________________________________________________
⑨ the number of
_____________________________________________________________________________

常考内容之十一：连词
考查形式：单项、完型
考查难度：一般
要点归纳：
① and ______________ or _________________ so _______________
but ____________ however _______________ while _____________
② both... and... __________________________________________
either of _________________________ either... or... ________________________________
neither of ______________________ neither... nor... _________________________________
not only... but also... __________________________________________
③ so + ___________________ that ... & such + _________________
意思是___________________________
与many, much, few, little连用时，只能用 _______
④ though & although
________________________________________________________________________________

形容词考点归纳
1. adj.后置
形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代词时，要置于其后。如：something important（一些重要的事）
2. adj. 作表语
①只能做表语的形容词大多数以元音字母开头。如：afraid（害怕的），alike（相同的），alive（活着的），alone（单独的），asleep（睡着的），awake（醒着的），ill（有病的）
He is an ill man .（错） The man is ill .（对）
②连系动词+ adj. 作表语
连系动词有：be动词；“变化”系动词：get, go, become, turn, fall; 感官动词:feel, look, smell,
taste, sound; “保持”系动词stay, keep, remain
3．貌似副词的adj.--friendly(友好的); lonely（寂寞的）; lovely（可爱的）; likely（可能的）
4．adj.排列顺序——冠→代→数→形→大，新→色→国→材→名
（注：冠——冠词，代——代词，数——数词，形——形状，大——大小，新——新旧，色——颜色，国——国家、地区，材——材料、用途，名——被修饰的名词）

一、两者相等时，用原级比较：
1、A + be（am/is/are） + as + adj./adv.原级 + as + B. (A与B一样)
否定式：A + be（am/is/are）+ not + as（so） + adj./adv.原级 + as + B.
2、A + be +倍数词+ as + adj./adv.原级 + as + B. （A是B的多少倍）
This river is twice as long as that one.
3、A + be +倍数词+比较级+than + B. (A比B大/高…多少倍)
This river is twice longer than that one.
二、 两者不相等时，用比较级
1．A + be + 比较级 + than + B
2．表示两者之间的选择，可使用“Which is+ 比较级，A or B?”
Which city is more beautiful, Guangzhou or Shenzhen?
3. “the+比较级，the+比较级” 表示“越……，越……”
4. “比较级+and+比较级