新概念英语第二册第6课学习笔记.docx

【New words and expressions】生词和短语〔4〕
beggar n. 乞丐气 food n. 食物
pocket n. 衣服口袋 call v. 拜访，光临
☆beggar n.乞丐 beg v.乞求 行乞
重读闭音节，需双写g。类似的词有begin,run,swim,big,rob.
beg(for)sth from sb 乞求…，向…行乞
ask sb for sth:请求得到某物
beg sb for sth 恳求，乞求〔以谦虚的姿态要求〕
beg sb (not) to do sth 恳求某人〔不要〕做某事
beg somebody off 为某人求情
I beg your pardon?
I’m sorry./Excuse me.对不起，请原谅！
Please repeat it./Pardon.请再说一遍。
☆food n.
〔1〕(U)食物 通常是不可数名词
a lot of food
(C)作为特种食品时，可看做可数名词
Baby foods 婴儿食品 health foods 安康食品
Frozen foods 冷冻食品 breakfast foods 早餐
a favorite foods 最喜欢的一种食物
food chain 食物链
★pocket n. 衣服口袋 ,衣袋
inner pocket 内口袋； jacket pocket 夹克的口袋；
coat pocket 大衣口袋 pocket book 袖珍书；
pocket dictionary 袖珍词典 pocket money (小孩的)零花钱
change零钱 get exact [ɪg'zækt] 确切的,准确的change 准备好正确的零花钱
beer money (男人的)零花钱〔18世纪，在小说里有时能见到女人的零花钱是针线钱。但是随着时代的进步，剩下的money都归女人管，所以女人无零花钱。〕
put one’s hand in one’s pocket 愿意花钱
pick somebody’
★call v. 拜访, 光临
① vt.&vi.叫，喊 I heard someone calling. call out =shout 大声喊
② vt. 呼唤，召唤 Lucy is sick生病. Please call a doctor.
③ vi. 访问，拜访；〔车、船等〕停靠 Amy called (at our house) yesterday.
The train calls at large stations only. 这列火车只停大站。
call on sb. 拜访某人 I will call on you. 我要去你家。
call at+地点＝visit someplace 拜访某地
I will call at your home. 我要去你家。
④ vt.&vi. 打
call sb =call up sb. 给某人打 call back 回某人
Can you take a message for me? =Can you tell him to call back?
call for 要求，需要
call in sb. 招集和邀请某人
For the project方案;规划, the government called in a lot of experts. expert 专家;能手
【课文讲解】
move
移动，改变位置
〔2〕搬家，迁居 move from to… move to a new house
使人动心而〔流泪，微笑〕
eg.Her story moved us to tears.
1、Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.
★knock v. 敲门
① vi. 敲门 I knocked, but no one answered.
knock at 敲〔门、窗等〕 knock at the door；knock at the window
② vt.&vi. 碰撞
You always knock things off the table. 你总是碰掉桌上的东西。
Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning. 今天上午吉姆被一辆公共汽车撞倒了。
She has knocked a cup over again. 她又碰倒了一个杯子。
③ vt. 把〔某人〕打成……状态
He knocked Tom out yesterday. 他昨天把汤姆打昏过去了。
④ 及 off连用时有一些特殊含义，一般用于口语
vt. 〔价格上〕减去，除去，打折扣
They knocked five dollars off the price of the coat.
The shop assistant knocked 10% off the bill.〔He reduced the price by 10%.〕
vi. 下班，停顿，中断〔工作等〕
When do you usually knock off? 你一般什么时候下班？
He knocked off for lunch at half past eleven.他十一点半休息吃中午饭。
2、He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer.
ask (sb.) for sth =request for sth. 问某人要什么东西
〔for 为了这个目的去请求某人, sb.更多的时候不出现, ask for sth.〕
The boy asked (his parents)for money again/once more.
3、In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs.
in return for this 作为对……的回报，作为交换〔this 在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情〕
I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality. 〔hospitality adj. 热情〕
in return 作为回报 You lent me this interesting book last month. In return (for it), I’ll show you some picture books.
In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.
He doesn't want anything in return. 他不想得到任何回报
return v.返回
return to …from… 从…归来，返回
return sth to sb 归还，送回
stood on his head 倒立 stand up 起立
stand on one's hands 用手着地(hand单数就是一只手, 双手复数)
stand on one's knees 跪着, 膝盖 lie on one's back 仰面躺着
lie on one's side 侧躺 lie on one's stomach ['stʌmək] 胃、肚子趴着
4、Later a neighbour told me about him.
介词about 可以和一些动词连用，以表示“关于……〔的〕〞、“涉及……〔的〕。〞 Please tell me about the accident ['æksədənt] 事故;灾祸.
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于什么情况
tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉)
tell you the news tell you the word 直接告诉这个单词
tell a lie
v.分辨，识别 tell the difference between A and B
5、Everybody knows him.
everybody作为主语一定作单数对待, 属于不定代词。所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数对待: somebody，anybody，everything等。
6、He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.
calls at 光临，拜访 in the street〔英国〕/on the street〔美国〕
once a month 一个月一次, once a year 一年一次
once a week 一周一次 He goes back to the South once a year.
【Key structures】
不定冠词a/an
表示“一〞这个数量，意思和one近似
Rome was not built in a day.罗马非一日建成。
“某一个〞泛指
This poem was written by a student.
和名词一起代表一类人或东西
A teacher must love his student.
定冠词the
表示特指的人或物，及不定冠词泛指用法相对应
We must catch the next bus.
及某些名词连用，表示一个民族，阶级或阶层等等
Life was hard for the working class.
也和可数名词单数连用，代表一类人或东西
The lion is found in Africa.
表示世界上独一无二的东西
the sun/the earth/the sky
及形容词连用，表示一类人或东西
The rich,the poor,the deaf
不定代词some
可用来修饰可数名词单数，表示“某一个〞
You will forget it some day.
修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，表示“一些〞
I need some books.
Give them some fruit.
：一般来说，专有名词如人名，地名，街道，城市，国家等前不加冠词。
：在表示一种笼统的概念的陈述句中也可以省略a或some
例：课后例句。
：在单数可数名词之前用a或an修饰，复数名词或不可数名词用some修饰，the特指，在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰, 第二次出现的时候用the。
一般姓名前一般不能加冠词，表示“某某一类人当中, 具有这种特征当中的一个〞，加不定冠词a. a Mr. Zhang 张先生这类人
【Special Difficulties】
短语动词:某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义, 这种新的组合称作短语动词
put v. 放 put on 穿上，戴上
tak v. 拿走 take off 脱掉，摘掉
look v. 看; look at 看；look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look out 留神；look out of 向外看
call: call at到...作短暂访问, 停靠；call on拜访,号召,请求；call in请求收回;请来；call back收回, 回电；call for 去取某物, 去接某人；需要
The problem calls for immediate action. 这个问题需要立即采取行动
knock v. 敲 knock at 敲门 knock off 下班 He knocked off earlier.
knock off 打折 Knock 10% off the price.
把……撞倒，如果有地点，用介词off；无地点，用介词over
knock sth. off+地点
knock the vase off the table I knocked the boy off the bicycle.
knock over打翻;撞倒 A car knocked the boy over.
knock out 打晕, 在拳击场合中, 把人打倒在地叫knock out(专用术语)
He did not know how to fight, but he knocked the boxer拳击手out.
【Multiple choice questions】
5 A neighbour told me about him. He ( d ) Percy Buttons was a beggar.
a. told b. said me c. told to me d. said
He says + 句子；He says +that+句子；say to sb.tell sb. +that+句子
He said to me/He told me 他告诉我
He told me he was a Beggar./He said he was a Beggar.
6 Everybody knows him. ( a ) know him.
a. They all b. Each c. Every d. All they
all of us, we all 我们所有人 every adj. 每一个
every <adj.> +n. 每一个(书, 本, 人等)
every person likes… each adj.&pron. 每一个
each <adj.> +n；each <pron.>直接作主语或者宾语
each <adj.> person likes.../each <pron.> likes...
every只能是形容词性，强调整体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目，不能直接做主语；each既可作形容词，又可作代词，强调个体，常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目，在作代词时，直接作主语或宾语，使用第三人称单数.
7 ( d ) does he call? Once a month.
a. How seldom b. How long c. How soon d. How often
once a month 每月一次, 属于频率 对频率提问: how often
How often do you visit your mother? 对时间和次数提问
提问多久: how long, How long do you visit your mother? 对时间提问
提问次数: how many times.
How many times do you visit your mother each month?
how soon 多久以后 How soon will you finish your homework?
8 A beggar is a person who ( a ) .
a. asks for money but doesn't work b. asks for food
c. works hard d. is out of work
out of work 失业 I am out of work./I lose my job.
10 She gave him a piece of cheese.He put the ( a )of cheese in his pocket.
a. bit b. bar c. block d. packet
a bit of /a piece of 在英文中经常互用
bar 门闩: 长条状: a bar of chocolate; a bar of soap
block n. 房子；块, 一大块；v. 堵塞 packet 一包
12 All the houses in our ( a ) are the same age and size.
a. street b. way c. road d. route
same age and size 同年代同样式
street 两边有房子的街道, 强调城市里的街道
way, on the way, in the way 挡住某人的路(强调方向)
road 路的通称 route 路线
road home 通往家的路 (张艺谋的影片?我的父亲母亲?的英文名)
〖语法精粹〗
1.How can you ( B )if you are not ____? 如果你不听, 怎么可能听见呢?
A. listening/hearing B. hear/listening
C. be listening/hear D. be hearing/listening to
listen 听/hear 听见
2.The girl even won't have her lunch before she ( D )her homework.
A. will finish B. is finishing C. had finished D. finishes
状语从句中, 用一般现在时取代将来时. won't =will not
3.Those who have applied for the post( A )in the office.
A. are being interviewed B. are interviewing
C. interviewing(光动词+ing不能构成谓语)
D. to be interviewing (不定式不能构成谓语动词)
apply for 申请 interview 面试['ɪntɚ,vju]
在英文中, 只能领导对员工面试，员工只能被面试，动词用被动
4.The old scientist ['saɪəntɪst] 科学家( C )to do more for the country.
A. is wishing B. has been wishing C. wishes D. has been wished
D为被动语态，从语法上说合理, 但不合情
表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进展时态.
wish sb. to do 希望某人做某事
5.If he( B ),don't wake him up. 如果他在睡觉的话, 不要吵醒他
A. still sleeps B. is still sleeping
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