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记叙文阅读〔1〕
编写人：李红
第二讲课程讲义
前言
一、 课程设置目：
二、 目录：
第一讲：阅读〔一〕 词法：名词
第二讲：阅读〔二〕 词法：代词
第三讲：阅读〔三〕 词法：形容词和副词
第四讲：阅读〔四〕 词法：数词
第五讲：阅读〔五〕 词法：动词
第六讲：时态：初中阶段八大时态分析〔一〕
第七讲：时态：初中阶段八大时态分析〔二〕
第八讲：阅读〔六〕 语态：被动语态
第九讲：句子种类：陈述句；疑问句；感慨句；祈使句；反意疑问句
第十讲： 句子成分；宾语从句
第十一讲：根本句型；状语从句
第十二讲：定语从句
三、 目录：
第一讲：阅读〔一〕 词法：名词
第二讲：
第三讲：
第四讲：
第五讲：
第六讲：
第七讲：
第八讲：
第九讲：
第十讲：
第十一讲：
第十二讲：
第一讲 阅读〔一〕 词法：名词
课程目标
1、 阅读理解题目分析
2、 词法---名词
课程重点
名词综合运用
课程难点
名词单复数和所有格
教学方法建议
讲授、提问、论证、练习
选材程度及数量
课堂精讲例题
搭配课堂训练题
课后作业
A类
〔 1〕道
〔 3 〕道
〔 4 〕道
B类
〔 3〕道
〔 3 〕道
〔 3 〕道
C类
〔 1〕道
〔 1 〕道
〔 4〕道
一、Warm-up
课前阅读〔一〕
1、阅读理解题目详解
〔1〕一辈子朋友
朋友与你相互嬉闹，朋友与你互掏腰包；朋友与你互相惦记，朋友与你心有灵犀；朋友与你有苦共担，朋友与有乐同欢……请读读这篇真挚友情故事。
Linda Evans was my best friend—like the sister I never had. We did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding.
When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special time—like my wedding (婚礼) and Linda’s. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back, stamped “Address (地址) Unknown. 〞 I had no idea how to find Linda.
Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share (分享) happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.
One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda’s married name. “There must be thousands of Wagmans,〞 I thought, but J still wrote to her.
She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs Tobin!〞 she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother. 〞
Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each other’s lives. Now the empty place in my heart is filled. And there’s one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We won’t lose each other again!
根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给四个选项中选择最正确选项。
1. The writer went to piano lessons with Linda Evans _______.
A. at the age of 13
B. before she got married
C. after they moved to new homes
D. before the writer’s family moved away
2. They didn’t often write to each other because they _______.
A. got married
B. had little time to do so
C. didn’t like writing letters
D. could see each other on special time
3. There was an empty place in the writer’s heart be cause she _______.
A. was in trouble
B. didn’t know Linda’s address
C. received the card that she sent
D. didn’t have a friend like Linda to share her happi ness or sadness
4. The writer was happy when she _______.
A. read the newspaper
B. heard Linda’s voice on the phone
C. met a young woman who looked a lot like Linda
D. wrote to the woman whose last name was Wagman
5. They haven’t kept in touch _______.
A. for about 40 years
B. for about 27 years
C. since they got married
D. since the writer’s family moved away
【答案及解析】
1. 选D。开场时候作者与Linda总是一起去上钢琴课、看电影、游泳、骑马等，但后来在作者13岁时候，作者一家搬走了，两人只能通过书信联系。比拟四个选项，显然只能选D。
2. 选B。根据文章第2段中Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often 根据文可知，她们之所以没经常写信，是因为她们要忙于照顾孩子，又要搬新家，也就是说，她们没有时间写信。
3. 选D。根据文章第3段内容可知答案。
4. 选B。真正让作者感到快乐是当她在 上听到老朋友Linda声音时候。而读到报纸时候和写信时候都还只是在猜想，那时还谈不上快乐。
5. 选A。根据文章最后一段中Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years…可知，答案选A。
〔2〕“老〞字趣谈
每个国家都有各自文化习惯，而这种文化上差异往往会引起一定误会，不过只要熟悉对方风俗习惯做到入乡随俗，一切就OK啦！
When my family moved to America in 2021 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect(尊敬) elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.
I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive(敏感) Americans are and how they dislike the description “old〞. I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.
In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge andexperience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.
However, in the United States, people think “growing old〞 is a problem since “old〞 shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them tofeel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn’t want to hear.
After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don’t respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don’t show my feelings through words.
By Jack
根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给四个选项中选择最正确选项。
1. Jack brought the couple their food very fast because _______.
A. the manager asked him to do so
B. he respected the elderly
C. the couple wanted him to do so
D. he wanted more pay
2. When Jack called the couple “elderly〞, they became _______.
A. nervous
B. satisfied
C. unhappy
D. excited
3. In Jack’s hometown, _______.
A. people dislike being called “old〞
B. people are proud of being old
C. many people reach the age of seventy or eighty
D. the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants
4. After this experience, Jack _______.
A. lost his job in the restaurant
B. made friends with the couple
C. no longer respected the elderly
D. changed his way with older people
5. Which of the following is TRUE
A. The more Jack explained, the angrier the couple got.
B. Jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his experience.
C. The manager went back to the table and apologized to the couple.
D. From this experience, Jack learned more about American culture.
【答案及解析】
1. 选B。根据第2段中I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly可知答案。
2. 选C。根据第2段中As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure可知他们听到Jack称他们为老者时，一点也不快乐。
3. 选B。根据第3段中In my village in China, people are proud of being old可知答案。
4. 选D。根据最后一段中After that, I changed the way I had with older people可知答案。
5. 选D。根据第2段最后一句After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry可知A选项不对；根据文章最后一句but now I don’t show my feelings through words可知B选项不对；根据第2段中I
then waked back to the table and apologized to the wife 可知C 选项也不对，故正确答案为D。
做阅读理解五点注意:
注意一：试题各小题所提供四个备选项，有是语法、构造上有错误，有是与短文意思不相符。解题时要把有构造、语法错误先排除，再考虑是否符合短文内容。
注意二：对短文中生词或看不懂句子，应大胆根据构词法及上、下文意思进展猜想，尤其对涉及文中某个词或某个句子含义选择试题，要根据文章所阐述主要内容及上、下文内在逻辑关系，大胆分析推断，去伪存真选出正确答案。
注意三：对于涉及文章主旨、大意、作者意图及短文标题等选择试题，虽然短文中没有直接说明，可统观全文，通过短文所提供材料或联想短文材料以外常识，如结合已学过自然、社会科学知识加以综合理解、分析推测或按作者思路进展推理，从而且推断出正确答案。
注意四：做选择试题时一般先做在文中能直接找到依据细节题，后做主旨题、推理题。这样在对语篇有更多领悟根底上再进展推理判断和概括总结，把握性就更大。
注意五：阅读顺序一般是先读短文，再看题目，然后逐题作答。假设文章较长，也可以先将测试题目通览一遍，然后带着问题阅读文章。这样对与答题有关段落、句子反响敏感，而对其他与答题无关局部可以不必花费太多时间，阅读速度就可加快些。
2、中考阅读理解专练：
在规定时间内完成四篇阅读理解题目
(A)
Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi for a living. One night I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 a.m. When I arrived to collect, I saw a small woman in her eighties stood before me. I took her suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we walked slowly toward the car.
She kept thanking me for my kindness. “It’s nothing,〞 I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.〞
“Oh, you’re such a good man,〞 she said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked, “Could you drive through downtown〞
“It’s not the shortest way.〞 I answered quickly.
“Oh, I’m in no hurry.〞 she said. “I’m on my way to a hospice (临终医院). I don’t have any family left. The doctor says I don’t have very long time.〞 I quietly shut off the meter (计价器). For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the building where she had once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived. Sometimes she’d ask me to slow down in front of a special building and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing.
At dawn, she suddenly said, “I’m tired. Let’s go now.〞
We drove in silence to the address she had given me.
“How much shall I give you〞 she asked.
“Nothing,〞 I said.
“You have to make a living.〞 she answered. “Oh, there are other passengers,〞 I answered.
Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug (拥抱). She held onto me tightly and said, “You gave an old woman a little moment of happiness.〞
46. When did the story happen
A. One night twenty years ago.
B. At 2:30 in the afternoon twenty years ago.
C. When the driver was twenty.
D. When the old woman was ill.
47. Why did the old woman choose to go through the city
A. Because she wanted to show she knew the city very well.
B. Because she wanted to see some places for the last time.
C. Because she let the driver earn more money.
D. Because she wanted to reach the hospice on time.
48. Why did the taxi driver not get any money from the old woman
A. He wanted to help her. B. He shut off the meter by mistake.
C. Others had paid him. D. He was in a hurry to take other passengers.
49. Which is NOT true according to the passage
A. It took them 2 hours to drive through the city.
B. The writer made a living by driving a taxi.
C. The old woman was related to the writer.
D. The old woman got a little moment of joy because of the writer’s kindness.
50. What can we learn from the story
A. Giving is always for retuning.
B. People should respect each other.
C. An act of kindness can bring people pleasure.
D. People should learn to appreciate (感谢) others’ help
〔B〕
Editor: Today our topic is part–time jobs. Are they good for school children or not
Headmaster: Certainly not. Children have got two full–time jobs already: growing up and going to school. Part–time jobs make them so tired that they fall asleep in class.
Mrs. Barrens: I agree with you. I know school hours are not short, and there’s too much homework, too, so children need a lot of sleep.
Mr. Barrens: Some students stay at school until they’re eighteen or nineteen. A part–time job can’t harm them. In fact, it’s good for them. They earn their pocket-money instead of asking their parents for it. And they see something of the world outside school.
Businessman: You’re quite right. Boys learn a lot from part-time jobs. And we mustn’t forget that some families need the extra money. If the students don’t take part-time jobs, they can’t stay at school.
Editor: Well, we have got two for, and two against. What do our readers think
51. What is the discussion about
A. Pocket-money. B. Part-time jobs.
C. Enough sleep. D. Much homework.
52. Who have the same opinion
A. Mr. and Mrs. Barrens. B. Editor and Mr. Barrens.
C. Headmaster and Mrs. Barrens. D. Businessman and Headmaster.
53. What’s the opinion of Mrs. Barrens
A. She thinks the children need to stay at school until they are sixteen or seventeen.
B. She thinks the children should see something of the world outside school.
C. She thinks the children need to have some pocket-money.
D. She thinks the children need to have enough sleep.
54. What do the children think of part-time jobs
A. Part-time jobs are good for school children.
B. Part-time jobs can help students from poor families.
C. Part-time jobs can’t harm school children.
D. The passage doesn’t mention it.
55. The underline words “… two for 〞 (in the last sentence ) refers to _______.
A. two persons are right
B. two persons are for the same idea
C. two persons think part–time jobs are good
D. two persons don’t think part–time jobs are good
(C)
We are often asked to make a speech in life. Most of us are afraid of it and don’t do a good job. Here are some simple steps to make your speech a successful one. First of all, find out everything you can about your subject and at the same time find out as much as you can about your audience. Who are they What do they know about your subject Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech. Then try to arrange your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible.
Never forget your audience. Don’t talk over their heads or talk down to them. When you are giving your speech, speak slowly and clearly, look at your audience and pause for a few seconds from time to time to give your audience chances to think over what you’ve said.
Just remember: be prepared, know your subject and your audience, say what you have to say and be yourself so that your ideas will bring you and your audience together.
56. “Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.〞 (underlined) means that while preparing your speech, you must ________.
A. put your shoes away and put on theirs
B. try to think in the way as they do
C. wear the shoes in the same size as theirs
D. try to speak in their words
57. When he is giving his speech, the speaker should ________.
A. let his eyes rest on the subject
B. follow the audience step by step
C. face the audience in a right way
D. look up and down from time to time
58. What does the underlined word “pause〞 mean in the passage
A. Listen. B. Stop. C. Choose. D. Search.
59. Which is the best title of the passage
A. How to Make a Good Speech
B. How to Pick out the Topic for a Speech
C. How to Prepare the Material for a Speech
D. How to Remember the Audience
60. In what order should a good speech be arranged
a. Give your audience chances to think over what you’ve said.
b. Find out as much as you can about your audience.
c. Try to arrange your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow.
d. Find out everything you can about your subject
e. Speak slowly and clearly, look at your audience
A. d,b,c,e,a B. b,d,e,a,c,f C.b,a,d, c,e, D. e,b,a,f,d,c
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