难句分割及句间关系教师版.docx

难句分割
1. Breaking away from industrial agriculture as the solution to hunger may be very hard for some countries,
动名词短语作主语 谓语 表语
but in Britain, where the immediate need to supply food is less urgent, and the costs and the damage of
转折信号词 1非限制性定语从句〔并列句〕 2由and连接的并列句
intensive farming have been clearly seen, it may be more feasible. (C7T2RP2)
主 谓 表
【构造】1、由but连接的表示转折的句子；2、主体框架为：Breaking away from industrial agriculture… may be very hard for some countries, but in Britain…it may be more feasible; 3、it指代真正的主语breaking away from industrial agriculture as the solution to hunger, 防止重复。
【译文】对于一些国家而言，通过摆脱工业化农业解决饥饿问题也许相当困难，但在英国，对粮食的需求相对缓和，并且大家都清楚的看到了集约农业所消耗的本钱并带来的破坏，放弃工业化农业更为可行。

2. The shinbashira, running up through a hole in the centre of the building, constrained individual stories from
主语 插入语〔现在分词短语作定语〕 谓语 宾语
moving too far because, after moving a certain distance, they banged into it, transmitting energy away along
信号词 插入语〔介词短语〕 原因状语从句 现在分词短语作结果状语
the column. (C7T2RP1)
【构造】1、由because连接的表示因果的句子；2、主体框架为：The shinbashira… constrained individual stories… because…
【译文】被称为shinbashira的中柱从建筑中央的孔贯穿而下，使得单个楼层不会移动得太远，因为每移动一段距离之后，能量也就通过柱子转走了。

3. However, recent discoveries, research and experiments have shed new light on exactly how it was built,
转折信号词 主语 谓语 宾语从句
challenging the assumptions of recent decades. (C7GTBRS3)
现在分词短语作结果状语
【构造】1、由however开头的表示转折的句子；2、主体框架为：然而，recent discoveries, research and experiments have shed new light on exactly how it was built……
【译文】然而，最近的发现、研究和实验结果对铁桥的建造过程作出了新的阐释，对近几十年的假设提出了质疑。

4. Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of monumental engineering projects designed to control
主语 介词of引导的介词短语作后置定语1修饰construction
floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide water for irrigation and hydropower brought great benefits
过去分词designed引导的过去分词短语作后置定语2修饰projects， 谓语 宾语
designed后又跟三个并列的动词不定式，作目的状语，修饰designed
to hundreds of millions of people. (C7T1RP2)
【构造】1、难点是主语局部冗长，主语的中心语是construction，后跟了两个超长的后置定语。2、主体框架为：… construction … brought great benefits …
【译文】数以万计大型水利工程的建造是史无前例的，旨在防洪，保证清洁水资源的供给，提供足够的水用以农田灌溉和水力发电，已经造福了数亿人。

5. The new breeding programme, run by the Australian Customs, is so successful that more than 50% of its dogs
主语 插入语〔过去分词短语〕系动词 表语 主语
make the grade. (C7GTARS3)
谓语
【构造】1、主体框架是so…that…引导的结果状语从句；2、主语局部比拟长，及系动词之间还插入了过去分词作插入语。
【译文】澳大利亚海关负责的新犬培育方案相当成功，其培育出的狗有一半以上达标。

6. During a routine mail screen that can take hours, the dogs stay so focused that not even a postcard lined with
时间状语〔包含一个that引导的定语从句〕 谓语 结果状语从句：主语 过去分词短
0.5 grams of heroin and hidden in a bulging sack of letters escapes detection. (C7GTARS3)
语作后置定语1 信 过去分词短语作后置定语2 谓语 宾语
【构造】1、主体框架是so…that…引导的结果状语从句；2、主句的主语局部还包括一个定语从句；3、从句的主语局部后跟两个并列的过去分词短语作后置定语。
【译文】再一次耗时数小时的例行邮件检查中，警犬高度专注，可以在鼓鼓的一大袋信件中查找出一张藏有0.5克海洛因的明信片。

7. With the onset of statehood, however, the State of Alaska took over management of its own fisheries, guided
转折信号词 主语 谓语 宾语
by a state constitution which mandates that Alaska natural resources be managed on a sustainable basis.
过去分词短语作伴随状语 定从 宾从： 谓语〔虚拟〔should〕 do〕
(C7T4PR2)
【构造】1、复杂；2、主体框架是the State of Alaska took over management of its own fisheries，后跟一个过去分词短语作伴随状语，其中包括一个定语从句，定语从句中有嵌套一个宾语从句。
【译文】不过，阿拉斯加州政府通过抗争夺回了渔业自主管理权，在州宪法的指导下开展渔业活动。州宪法规定阿拉斯加的自然资源必须在可持续开展的根底上进展开发利用。

8. But, in 1993, fed up with the poor success rate of finding good dogs this way, John Vandeloo, senior
转折信号词 形容词短语作原因状语 主语
instructor with the Detector Dog Unit, joined forces with Kath Champness, then a doctoral student at the
同位语1 谓1 宾 状 同位语2
University of Melbourne, and set up a breeding programme. (C7GTARS1)
并谓2 宾语
【构造】1、由but连接的表示转折的句子；2、主体框架是… John Vandeloo … joined the forces with Kath Champness … and set up a breeding programme；3、全句的主语是John Vandeloo，后跟同位语解释说明他的职业和地位等等，他发出了两个并列的动作，第一是及Kath Champness联手，后再跟一个同位语解释说明Kath Champness的职业地位等等，第二个动作是set up a breeding programme。
【译文】但是在1993年，侦探犬训练部高级教官约翰凡德鲁〔John Vandeloo〕厌倦了用某种方法寻找优良犬的低成功率，于是及凯斯钱伯尼斯——当时她还是墨尔本大学的在读博士生，联手开展了一个培育方案。
9. In any event, whether or not the reason is the energy expense, it seems to be the case that, with the possible
让步状语 让步状语从句 主 系 表 形主 谓 表
exception of some wired deep-sea fish, no animal apart from man uses manufactured light to find its way
插入语 真主 谓 宾
about. (C7T1RP1)
【构造】1、in any event, 肯定是表示让步的句子；2、主体框架为… it seems to be the case that …。3、首先是一个由whether引导让步状语从句，接主句it seems … ，再接插入语，真正的主语置后。4、主语的成分由主语从句充当。
【译文】无论是不是能量消耗的缘故，事实是，除了一些深海怪鱼外，绝没有其他任何生物像人类这样自己制造光源来寻找方向。

10. What those early craftsmen had found by trial and error was that under pressure a pagoda’s loose stack of
主语从句 系动词 主语
floors could be made to slither to and fro independent of one another. (C7T2RP1)
谓语
【构造】1、整体构造比拟简单，就是一个主系表的构造；2、主体框架是What those early craftsmen had found by trial and error was that…；2、主语由主语从句充当，was系动词，表语由表语从句充当。
【译文】通过不断摸索，古代工匠们终于发现了其中的奥秘：在压力下，宝塔松散堆叠的楼层可以被造得能够自由前后滑行。

11. Experiments showed that, in fact, facial vision is nothing to do with touch or the front of the face, although
主语 谓语 插入语 宾从主语 谓语局部 名词短语作宾语 让步信号词
the sensation may be referred to the front of the face, like the referred pain in a phantom limb. (C7T1RP1)
让步状语从句 比拟信号词 介词短语作比拟状语
【构造】1、整体上是一个由although引导的表示让步的句子；2、主体框架是experiments showed that…, although…；3、宾语从句+让步状语从句。
【译文】实验说明，虽然这种感觉可能及脸的正面有关系，但实际上，面感视觉及触碰或者脸的正面没有任何关系，正如幻肢中的牵涉性疼痛感一样。

12. This means that a forest policy is vital, that it must transcend national frontiers and generations of people, and
主 谓 宾语从句1 宾语从句2
that it must allow for the inevitable changes that take place in the forests, in needs, and hence in policy.
宾语从句3 定语从句
(C7T3RP3)
【构造】1、整体上看是一个主谓宾的句式，宾语局部由三个并列的宾语从句充当，最后一个宾语从句含有一个定语从句；2、主体框架是this means that …, that…, and that …。
【译文】这就意味着，制订一项超越国界、跨越几代人的森林政策至关重要，并且必须考虑到森林坏境、人们的需求、国家政策可能发生的不可防止的变化。

谓语
13. MIRTP focused on what would be most appropriate for the inhabitants of Makete in terms of what was
主语〔特殊信号词〕 宾语从句
available, how much they could afford and what they were willing to accept. (C7T2RP3)
状语局部：有由三个并列的宾语从句构成
【构造】1、整体上看是主谓宾的句式；2、宾语局部由宾语从句构成；3、in terms of后为状语局部，由三个并列的宾语从句构成。
【译文】马科特乡村一体化交通工程致力于找到最适合当地居民的交通工具，这种工具必须是现有的、居民买得起有愿意承受的。

14. Lozanov’s instructional technique is based on the evidence that the connections made in the brain through
主语 谓语 状语 同从： 主语 后置定语修饰connections
unconscious processing (which he calls non-specific mental reactivity) are more durable than those made
定语从句 谓语 表语 比拟信号词
through conscious processing. (C7T1RP3)
后置定语修饰those
【构造】1、整体上看是个主谓构造，这个句子就没有宾语；2、整体框架是Lozanov’s instructional technique is based on the evidence that…；3、on the evidence作状语，后由that引导的同位语从句，其本位词是evidence；4、整个同位语从句中包含一个括号内的定语从句，起补充说明的作用。
【译文】洛扎诺夫的教学技巧基于这样的证据：在无意思状态下〔他称此为非特定心理反响〕大脑所做出的各种联系要比在有意思状态下做出的持续时间更长。

15. Through meeting with the staff and satisfied students they develop the expectation that learning will be easy
方式状语 主 谓 宾 同位语从句1
and pleasant and that they will successfully learn several hundred words of the foreign language during the
并列信号词 同位语从句2
class. (C7T1RP3)
【构造】1、该句整体框架是… they develop the expectation that … and that…，是一个简单的主谓宾构造；2、该句的难点是宾语后接了两个并列的长长的同位语从句；本位词是expectation。
【译文】通过及教师以及对体验效果感到满意的学生进展交流，他们形成了一种期待，那就是接下来的学习将是简单轻松的，他们在一节课的时间里就可以成功记忆几百个外语词汇。

16. Some water experts are now demanding that existing infrastructure be used in smarter ways rather than
主语 谓语 宾语从句〔〔should〕do〕虚拟语气 转折信号词
building new facilities, which is increasingly considered the option of last, not first, resort. (C7T1RP2)
非限制性定语从句
【构造】1、整体框架是Some water experts are now demanding that...引导宾语从句，which…引导非限制性定语从句。
【译文】一些水利专家强调，现有的水利设施应该被更好的利用起来，而不是再建新工程。新建水利工程应该被看作最后一根救命稻草而不是首选举措。
17. Besides the laboratory evidence for this, we know from our experience that we often remember what we have
状语 主 谓 状 宾从1： 谓语 宾从2 谓
perceived peripherally, long after we have forgotten what we set out to learn. (C7T1RP3)
时间状语从句： 谓语 宾从3 谓语
【构造】1、难点是从句套从句，显得比拟复杂。
【译文】除了实验室有证据可以证明这一点之外，我们自身的经历也说明：我们特意去学习的内容在过了很长时间后往往会被忘记，但却还会记得学习期间所感知道的一些不重要的信息。

Just as引导方式状语从句
18. Just as a doctor calls on the full power of autocratic suggestion by insisting that the patient take precisely this
主 谓 宾语 方式状语 宾从〔虚〕：主 谓
capsule precisely three times a day before meals, Lozanov is categoric in insisting that the suggestopedic
宾 主 系 表 方式状语 宾语从句〔虚〕
session be conducted exactly in the manner designated, by trained and accredited suggestopedic teachers.
谓语 后置定语修饰manner 施动者
(C7T1PR3)
【构造】1、全句的主干是一个主系表构造Lozanov is categoric…；2、just as引导方式状语从句；方式状语by insisting后that引导宾语从句要求使用虚拟语气；3、句子主干主系表构造；4、再接方式状语in insisting，后that引导宾语从句要求使用虚拟语气，且该句使用了被动语态。
【译文】正如医生坚持要求病人必须每天三次在餐前服用某种白色胶囊，以此来充分利用权威暗示的力量一样，洛扎诺夫也坚持要求暗示教学法一定要按照事先指定的方式进展，并且要由培训过的合格教师来教授。

19. You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one that they could avoid simply by changing their
主 谓 宾语从句 problem后置定语，同位语 定语从句
habits and hunting by day. (C7T1RP1)
方式状语
【构造】1、句子主干为you say that...；2、that引导宾语从句；3、one为同位语，本位词是problem，后接that引导的定语从句修饰one；3、by…..为定语从句中的方式状语。
【译文】也许你会说这是它们自己造成的问题，因为只要通过改变生活习性在白天出来捕食，就可以轻松解决这一问题。

20. That is mainly because the costs of all this damage are what economists refer to as externalities: they are
主 系 因果信 表从： 主 系 表从： 主 谓语 宾语
outside the main transaction, which is for example producing and selling a field of wheat, and are borne
同位语从句 非限制性定语从句修饰transaction
directly by neither producers nor consumers. (C7T2RP2)
【构造】1、该句的主干是that is because…，that指代上下文中的某一事实；2、because作为因果信号词引导表语从句，表语从句中表语的成分也是由表语从句担当；3、后接一个同位语从句，对表语从句起到解释说明的作用；4、同位语从句中又夹杂这一个非限制性定语从句。
【译文】这主要是因为，这些破坏的代价是经济学家们所说的“外部经济效应〞，它们不像生产或出售一块地的小麦那样出现在主要的交易过程中，而且它们也不是由生产者和消费者直接来承当的。

句间关系
A report on young driver research prepared last year by Monash University’s accident research center found that in 1990 and 1991, almost a third of the people killed in road crashes were drivers under 25, yet this age group represents only 14 per cent of the population.

Geological movements are not the only occurrences to trigger an earthquake. Human activity, most often the filling of reservoirs with extraordinarily large amounts of water, can also cause earthquake. Lake Mead, on the Colorado River in the United States, was filled in 1935 and was the first example of an artificial lake being responsible for earthquake activity. Similarly, massive explosions, such as quarry blasting and nuclear tests can also wreak havoc.

Like lizards, dinosaurs are included in the class Reptilia, or reptiles, one of the five main classes of Vetebrata, animals with backbones.