新概念英语-第三册-第课.docx

Lesson14 A noble gangster
There was a time when the owners of shop and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for' protection' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protechon money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
1. How did Hawkwood make money in times of peace
Ø In times of peace 在和平时期
2. If the money not paid promptly , the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.
如果交款不及时，歹徒们就会很快捣毁他的商店，让他破产
Ø promptly 立即的，及时的〔正式〕speedily 迅速的 swiftly 迅速的 directly 立刻的
simultaneous [ˌsaɪmlˈteɪniəs] 同时的 simultaneous interpretation 同声传译
Ø pickpocket 扒手 burglar 入室盗窃犯 highwayman 车匪路霸
smuggle sth 走私 pirate sth 盗版 traffic drugs 贩毒
Ø put sb out of business 使某人破产 sb go bankruptcy [ˈbæŋkrʌptsi] 破产
one’s business collapse/land on rocks/goes to the dogs/fails 破产
3. As long ago as the fourteenth century ,an Englishman made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
早在十四世纪，英国人就有过非凡的发现：人们情愿拿出大笔的钱也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手。
Ø as long ago as 表示强调，可译为“早在，追溯到〞
as long as 译为“只要，长达…之久〞 英语中同级比拟短语as..as均有此意
He earns 4000 a month→He earns as much as 4000 a month.
他每月的工资多达4000元。
Ø remarkable adj. 异常的;卓越的;显著的;非凡的
Ø life work 毕生的事业 large sums of 大量的
Ø would rather…than… 宁愿…而不是…
would rather 还可引导虚拟语气举行 与would as soon ，would prefer ，would sooner用法一样，构造为would rather sb did/had done. 表示“希望〞或“委婉的责备〞. 谓语动词用过去时指当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时指过去的情况。
I would rather you went abroad. 我宁愿你出国。
4. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.
Ø make a name for oneself 知名 make one’s mark in sth. 出人头地
rise in the world 飞黄腾达 make a noise in the world 名噪一时
set the world on fire 大出风头 hit the headline 占据头条
Ø come to 后接名词、数词、代词或不接任何词
1) 谈到，涉及到
When it comes to physics, he is a complete stranger. 谈到物理他完全是个外行。
2) 表示“合计，总共〞，同amount to.
How much does the bill come to？帐单上共多少钱？
3) 表示“开场被„所认识，被„所记起。〞突然想起〔无被动式)
In a flash, the truth came to him. 突然间，他明白了真相。
4) 发生(在某人身上), 降临于(某人)
Happiness will come to you as long as you are after it.
只要你追寻它幸福会降临于你。
5) 恢复知觉，苏醒过来
After three hours in the hospital bed, he began to come to.
躺在医院床上三个小时后, 他开场苏醒过来。
6) Come to a conclusion/decision… 作出结论，决定
come to an agreement / understanding / terms.. 达成一致，谅解，协议，或和解
come to a(n)... end 有⋯⋯结果( 结局、下场)
Those who has done evil things will come to no good end.
做坏事的人不会有好下场。
come to life 活泼起来 come to light 被发现, 被大家知道
come to nothing / no good 没有结果/成就 come to oneself 恢复知觉, 恢复正常
come to sb.’s attention / notice 受到某人注意
come to the point 谈正题, 谈主要问题
Ø be known as 被称为 be fashioned after 根据…设计
5. In spite of this ,the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
Ø In spite of 尽管，不管 a sort of 一种
6. When he died at the age of eighty , the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the money of “the most valiant solder and most notable leader.〞
他80岁那年死去时,佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬,并为他画像以纪念这位"骁勇无比的战士、出色的领袖.
Ø at the age of eight 在八十岁的时候
Ø state funeral 国葬 state visit 国事访问 state banquet 国宴 state affairs 国事
the state council 国务院 secretary of state 国务卿
Ø sth is dedicated to sb 译为“以某物献给某人〞