及物和不及物动词的用法(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,及物动词,不及物动词,用法,1,什么是及物动词,和,不及物动词,?,英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把实义动词分成,及物,动词和,不及物,动词。,1.,及物动词,(transitive verb)后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，用v,t,表示。,如：,We,planted,many trees,around our school,.,2.,不及物动词,(intransitive verb)本身意义完整后面不,需,跟宾语的实义动词，用v,i,表示。,如：,My watch,stopped,.,2,不及物动词后面,不能,直接跟宾语,My watch,stopped,.,It,happened,in June,，,1932.,She,spoke,at the meeting yesterday evening.,I used to,live,in the countryside.,The foreigners,arrived,（,at our school this morning,）,.,You must,wait,(for your turn).,不及物动词只能用于,“,主谓,”,结构,但是可以加任意状语。,或者理解成：后面需要宾语时，必须加上相应的介词，如,to,of,at,，,on,for,等。,3,常见的不及物动词,agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.,4,及物动词后面必须跟宾语,A girl,opened,the door,.,He,reached,Paris,the day before yesterday.,Please,hand,me,the book,over there.,They,asked,me,to go fishing with them.,*,及物动词常用于,：,主谓宾,；,主谓双宾,；,主谓宾宾补,结构,。,5,常见的及物动词,buy,catch,dress,find,found,forget,give,invent,like,make,marry,observe,offer,prevent,promise,raise,receive,regard,see,say,seat,supply,select,suppose,show,serve,take,tell.,6,有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。,1.意义不变,：,Everybody,our game,begins,.,（,V,i,）,Let us,begin,our game,.,（,v,t,）,类似的还有：,start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve.,7,2.,意义完全不同,：,We saw the mountain when the clouds,lifted,.,（,v,i,消散）,He,lifted,his glass,and drank.,（,v,t,举起）,类似的有,：,beat,vi.跳动 vt.敲、打;,grow,vi.生长 vt.种植,play,vi.玩耍 vt.打（牌、球）,演奏,smell,vi.发出（气味）vt.嗅,ring,vi.（电话、铃）响 vt.打电话,speak,vi.讲话 vt.说（语言）,hang,vi.悬挂 vt.绞死,operate,vi.动手术 vt.操作,8,有,些,及物动词后面可加上某些副词，作补语,(,补充说明宾语的内容或状态,),Thousands of people were at the airport to,see,them,off,.,Setting,the chair,aside,he sat on the floor.,Last nights strong wind nearly,took,t,he roof,off,!,The strikers,took over,the factories,.,类似的还有,：,put on、put off、put away、put up、put down,put out、turn on、turn off,use up、cut up、eat up、sell out、cheer up,think up、hand in、hand out、throw away/off,wake up、write down、let down,9,如果在句子中需使用及物动词而后面却没有宾语时，怎么办？,eg,.,The little boy,this morning.(dress),在这个句子中，动词dress后面没有宾语，我们就得考虑以句子主语来充当它的逻辑宾语，所以得使用被动语态。,The little boy,this morning.(dress),有些及物动词后面加上某个副词时，可转化为不及物动词。,was dressed,dressed up,及物动词+副词,不及物动词短语,又如：,The books,sold out,in a week.,The enemy were forced to,give in,.,My car,broke down,on my way to school.,He proposed to,set off,immediately.,He promised to come on Tuesday but he never,showed up,.,10,谢谢观赏,11,