英语语音教学课件1：音标.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,英 语 语 音,English phonetics,6/1/2025,1,第一章：国际音标,International Phonetic Alphabet,1886,年，欧洲各国的语音学教师在英国伦敦成立了“语音学教师协会”（,The Phonetic Teachers Association,）,后改名为“国际语音学协会”（,International Phonetic Association,）。,这个协会成立的主要目的是考虑建立一套科学的，能代表口头交际中实际发音的注音符号和考虑如何把语音学的知识有效地应用在英语教学上。,“国际语音学协会”的语音专家们主张设计一套能够适用与英语以及其他各种重要语言的音标，并于,1888,难月发表了他们共同制定的第一套国际性的音标，定名为“国际音标”,（,Inter-national Phonetic Alphabet,），,简称,IPA.,自,1888,年制定国际音标至今，根据英国标准音（,Received Pronunciation,简称,R.P.,）,国际音标已经被更好的发展和完善了。最著名的首推英国语音学教授,Daniel Jones,。,6/1/2025,2,简介：,1.,英国标准音,(Received Pronunciation),The Queens English,Standard Pronunciation,Received Pronunciation,BBC,2.Daniel Jones,Daniel Jones:,著名的英国语音学教授，是科学地完善国际音标的语音学权威。他所编著的,Everymans English Pronouncing Dictionary,自,1917,年首次发行第一版到,1977,年，已经发行了,14,版。在本课程中，凡是用到,Daniel Jones,音标的时候，统一简写为,D.J.,音标。,英语音标组成,英语中共有,12,个单元音，,8,个双元音和,24,和辅音。,6/1/2025,3,单元音,(the pure vowels),前元音,(the front vowels)4,后元音,(the back vowels)5,中元音,(the central vowels)3,双元音,(the diphthongs),合口双元音,(the closing diphthongs)5,集中双元音,(the centering diphthongs)3,辅音,(the consonants),爆破音,(the plosive consonants)6,摩擦音,(the fricative consonants)10,破擦音,(the affricate consonants)2,鼻音,(the nasal consonants)3,舌侧音,(the lateral consonants)1,半元音,(the semi-vowels)2,6/1/2025,4,front vowels,Symbol key word,i:sheep,Iship,e bed,Abad,6/1/2025,5,发音器官：,1,上唇,2,下唇,3,上齿,4,下齿,5,上齿龈,6,硬腭,7,软腭,8,舌尖,9,舌中,10,舌后,11,舌根,12,口腔,13,鼻子,14,鼻腔,15,声带,6/1/2025,6,back vowels,Symbol key word,B:car,C:nor,C not,U:fool,Ubook,6/1/2025,7,central vowels,Symbol key word,Q but,:girl,ago,6/1/2025,8,closing diphthongs,Symbol key word,e,i take,U,no,a,Ilike,a,U,now,CI,boy,6/1/2025,9,centering diphthongs,Symbol key word,I here,Zthere,U poor,6/1/2025,10,/,i:,/e me she these Pete evening,ee meet keen greet breeze speech,ea tea pea lead read teach pleasepeak each,ei receive deceive perceive,ie believe relieve relief field,i police,eopeople,6/1/2025,11,/i/i this it is in with middle,e English England pretty,ui building,o women,6/1/2025,12,/,e/e met well yet very lecture spend,ea ready peasant,already measure pleasure,ai again said,ay says,a any many,6/1/2025,13,/,A,/a am bag,hand thank campus factory family Saturday,6/1/2025,14,/,B:,/a answer ask classglass task staff plant bath,ar bar park hard large pardon dark,au aunt laugh,earheart,er clerk sergeant,al palm calm,6/1/2025,15,/,C,/o on off not lot job,a wash what want watch,ow knowledge,6/1/2025,16,/,C:,/a water halt false,al all tall call talk walk,aw dawn drawn,augh daughter caught,or or nor born,lord,ore before,ough ought bought thought,our four,6/1/2025,17,/,u,/o wolf woman,oo book cook good,oul could should would,u full pull put July,6/1/2025,18,/,U:,/o do to lose move prove,oe shoe,oo cool moon room too afternoon school,u blue rule June,6/1/2025,19,/,Q,/o none son come brother mother other another,u sun bus study husband,6/1/2025,20,/,:,/er her certain terminal,ear early learn,ir girl first bird shirt,ur nurse turn turn fur further,or work world worse worm world wordy,6/1/2025,21,/,/,a about ago China breakfast,o oppose second method propose,u support suppose suspect campus,ar collar forward,er mother teacher better,or doctor monitor actor factor,ur surprise surrender survival,ou famous,our colour,6/1/2025,22,/ei/atakemakenameplanechange strangelabeltable,aiwaitrainpainafraidgraintrainraise,aymaywaydayplaysay,eieightneighborreign,eytheygrey,6/1/2025,23,/,u,/onohomepostholdnoticenotebook,oaboatcoatroad,owlowknowbowlsowshow,oushoulder,6/1/2025,24,/,ai,/iI wifenicetide likefindkind mind,ymy by whystylesupply,uybuy,6/1/2025,25,/,a,u,/ouloudhouseroundshoutthousand,owbownowdowncrowd,6/1/2025,26,/,C,i/oi oilboiltoilspoilvoice,oyboytoyjoyannoyenjoy,6/1/2025,27,/I,/,eaideareallytheatre,earhearnearyearclearappear,eredeercheerengineer,erehere,6/1/2025,28,/e,/airairairportchairfairpairstair,arecareparefarecompare,earbear,erethere,eirtheir,6/1/2025,29,/,u,/uaFebruary,oorpoormoor,ourtourtourist,uresure,6/1/2025,30,plosive consonants,Symbol key word,p pen,bbag,ttoo,ddo,kkey,ggo,6/1/2025,31,fricative consonants,Symbol key word,ffive,vvery,ssee,zzoo,Fshe,V,pleasure,Wthank,Tthat,rred,hhe,6/1/2025,32,affricate consonants,Symbol key word,t,F cheap,dV jacket,trtree,drdream,tscats,dzbeds,6/1/2025,33,nasal consonants,Symbol key word,mme,nno,Nsing,6/1/2025,34,lateral consonants,Symbol key word,l like,deal,6/1/2025,35,semi-vowels,Symbol key word,wwe,jyear,6/1/2025,36,Some skills of the pronunciation of plosive consonants:,1,舌侧爆破,/pl-/,place plane plateplease,plosiveplain pleasureplant,/kl-/,clear cleancloseclue,6/1/2025,37,2,鼻腔爆破,/-tn/,written buttoncertainfrighten,/-dn/,hidden gardenburdenpardon,6/1/2025,38,美式发音,American English,英式读音根据的是,English Pronouncing Dictionary,英语正音辞典,。它们代表了被称为“,Received Pronunciation”,（,RP,）（,标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。美式读音代表了一种（有时是两种）在美国人中较通用的读音，通常用,KK,音标标示，即由美国语言学家,John S.Kenyon,和,Thomas A Knott,研究出来的音标。早在,1888,年国际语音协会,(International Phonetic Association),的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号,(IPAInternational Phonetic Alphabet),，,希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标,(DJ),和美式发音的,KK,音标，前者乃根据,Daniel Jones,编的英语发音字典,(English Pronouncing Dictionary,1963),，,后者则是根据,John S.Kenyon&Thomas A.Knott,二氏的美语发音字典,(A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English,1956),。,值得一提的是，,KK,音标所使用的符号均从前面提到的国际音标符号,(IPA),而来，,Kenyon&Knott,二氏仅将其中适用于美式英语的符号截取出来。,6/1/2025,39,Comparisons of D.J.and K.K.,front vowels,D.J.K.K.Key words,i:I,bee,I,0sit,e,G,set,A,$,sad,6/1/2025,40,back vowels,D.J.K.K.key word,B:,A,r,car,A,calm,C:or/Cr nor,C,thought,C,A,not,U:,u,fool,U,?,book,6/1/2025,41,central vowels,D.J.K.K.key word,Q Q but,:,girl,Q sister,D ago,6/1/2025,42,closing diphthongs,D.J.K.K.key word,e,i,e,take,U,o,no,a,I,a0,lik,a,U,a,?,no,CI,C,0,boy,6/1/2025,43,centering diphthongs,D.J.K.K.key word,I,0r,here,iidea,jQ,familiar,Z Zrthere,U,?,rpoor,?,actual,or/Cr nor,6/1/2025,44,Triphthongs,三元音,D.J.K.K.Key words,e,i,eQ,player,U,o,Q,follower,a,I,a0r,fire,a,U,a,?Q,hour,CI,C0Q,employer,6/1/2025,45,semi-vowels,D.J.K.K.key word,w wwe,hwwhen,jyear,6/1/2025,46,