高中英语语法学案名词性从句.docx

高中英语语法学案----名词性从句
【高频考点解读】
名词性从句是高考常考语法工程，主要考察对连接词正确把握。分析历年各地高考试题不难发现，连接代词what用法是考察热点。另外，在同位语从句中，经常考察that用法。除此之外，其他连接词用法以及从句语序也时有考察。
【热点题型】
题型一 主语从句
例1、It doesn’t matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
A．whether　　　　　　　B．how
C．if D．when
【易错剖析】此题容易误选C。if只有在宾语从句中有“是否〞含义，与whether换用，主语从句只能用whether。
【提分秘籍】
1．引导词
(1)that不充当句子成分，本身无意义，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。
(2)whether不充当句子成分，但有“是否〞意义，不能省略，不能用if代替。还常和or连用，构成“whether...or...……或者……〞。
(3)who，whom，what，which，whose本身有意义(和其作疑问词同义)，在句中作主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。
(4)where，when，how，why本身有意义(和其作疑问词同义)，在句中作状语，不能省略。
(5)whever引导从句和不带ever引导词在句中所做成分一样，但其意义上多了“无论……；任何……〞含义。
What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
Barbara Jones给她粉丝就是诚信和快乐。
Whether there are living creatures in the outer space as those on Earth hasn’t been proved up to now.
外太空是否存在像地球上一样生物迄今尚未确定。
2．由it作形式主语句型
(1)It＋be＋形容词(obvious，natural，good，funny，etc.)＋that从句。
(2)It＋be＋名词性词组(no wonder，an honour，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that从句。
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected， etc.)＋that从句。
(4)It doesn’t matter/makes no difference，etc.＋连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句。
It matters much whether the headmaster supports our activity.校长是否支持我们活动很重要。
It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
为什么这个人没有尽快报告这起事故还不清楚。
It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
我真想不到你竟然说服了他，使他改变了主意。
【举一反三】
It even leaves the scientists in wonder ________they should call the newlyborn creature，which looks halfhuman and halfanimal.
A．that B．why
C．what D．how
解析：选C。句中it是形式主语，真正主语是“________ they should call the newlyborn creature，which looks halfhuman and halfanimal.〞从句中缺少宾语，所以用what。全句意为“他们应该把这种新出生生物称作生命,他们看上去半人半兽，这件事让科学家们很困惑〞。
题型二 宾语从句
例2、As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.
A．whatever B．whichever
C．whenever D．wherever
【易错剖析】　此题容易误选A。只考虑到了宾语从句中缺少主语，没有考虑到句子具体意义，应该用“(其中)任何一个〞。
【提分秘籍】
其引导词用法根本和主语从句一样,但需注意以下几点：
(1)that从句一般不能充当介词宾语,但在except(除了……)，in(在于……)后可以。
He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.
他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。
He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.他和他同学不同地方在于他把课余时间用在了读书上。
(2)whether引导宾语从句可以由if代替，但介词后只能用whether。
They are talking about whether they should carry out the plan.他们正在讨论是否该实施这项方案。
(3)在某些动词,如find，feel，think，consider,make, believe等后有宾语从句时,常用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置.
We think it highly probable that he is dead.
我们认为他已经死了，这是非常可能。
We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.
他应当改良他发音，我们认为这是必要。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他不会屈服，这一点他已明确表示了。
【举一反三】
After seven hours’ drive，they reached ________they thought was the place they had been dreamt of.
A．that B．what
C．where D．which
解析：选B。what引导从句作reach宾语，从句中they thought是插入语，去掉之后可以看出从句中缺少主语。
题型三 表语从句
例3、I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer，which is_______ he never finishes anything.
A．that B．when
C．where D．why
【解析】　选D。句意：我觉得与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家，这就是为什么他从来不会完成任何事情原因。分析句子构造可知,which引导非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整个句子he’s more of a talker than a doer；在定语从句中，is后面为表语从句，由句意可知which指代内容是表语从句内容原因，故用why引导表语从句。
【易错剖析】　此题容易误选A。没有理解准确整句话意义：前面主句是后面原因。
【提分秘籍】
表语从句引导词用法根本和宾语从句一样，但要注意以下几点：
①that引导表语从句时，不能省略。
②whether引导表语从句时，不能用if代替。
③主句主语是the reason时,其表语从句引导词为that，不能用because。
China is no longer what she used to be.
中国再也不是从前中国了。
My decision is that all of us are to start at 6∶00 tomorrow morning.我决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
The problem is whether we can get enough money.
问题是我们能否弄到足够钱。
【举一反三】
—On Sundays I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That’s ________ I don’t agree.You should have a more active life.
A．what B．when
C．how D．where
解析：选D。where引导从句作表语，此句句意：那就是我不同意地方。须注意：agree是不及物动词，后面不能接宾语，所以不能用what。
题型四 同位语从句
例4、The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.
A．when B．that
C．whether D．how
【解析】　选B。此题考察名词性从句。句意：会议将被推迟通知下午2点钟左右发布。分析句式构造可知，所填词语引导从句________the meeting would be postponed说明是主语the notice内容，即同位语从句。由于从句与先行词the notice被主句谓语局部came around two in the afternoon分隔，从而加大了识别难度。从句内容完整，不需要添加when或how作状语，也不含有不确定因素，不能使用whether，应选B项。
【易错剖析】　此题容易误选A。把从句看成了定语从句修饰the afternoon，通过句意不难看出从句是用来说明the notice具体内容，它们之间是同位语关系。
【提分秘籍】
1．同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt等名词后面，是对前面名词作进一步解释，说明前面名词具体含义。
There seems to be no possibility that Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100meter race.
看起来似乎李华在一百米比赛中没有可能获得一等奖。
There is a popular belief among the Europeans that chicken soup can help cure flu.
欧洲人普遍相信鸡汤可以帮助治愈流感。
The question has been raised at the meeting whether each member country should equally share the expense of the committee.每一个成员国是否均等分担委员会费用在会议上被提出来。
I have no idea when he will come back.
我不知道他将何时回来。
2．同位语从句与定语从句区别：
同位语从句是对前面名词内容作进一步解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进展修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定句子成分。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们赢得比赛消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news〞内容)
The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
你昨天告诉我消息真很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指是“你昨天告诉我那个消息〞)
【举一反三】
One of the glorious moments in my school life was ________ I was awarded the Mayor’s Award.
A．why B．how
C．that D．when

【高考风向标】
【2021 ·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.
A. that B. where C. what D. why
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 此题考察宾语从句。从句局部不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。从句局部不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。应选A。
【2021 ·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：船停放在海港里是很平安，但这并非建造船目。isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目。应选A。
【2021 ·浙江】6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.
A. what B. who C. that D. whoever
【答案】A
【2021 ·重庆】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
A. when B. how C. where D. why
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们必须弄明白什么时候来，因此我们能给他预定房间。Find out 后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意选when。
【2021 ·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.
A. where B. why C. what D. which
【答案】B
【解析】考察宾语从句。本句考察宾语从句引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，应选项C错误，选项D担当定语，也错误。根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停顿空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停顿空气污染，应选择B。
【2021 ·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
A. where B. how C. why D. If
【答案】B
【解析】考察宾语从句。句中I是主语，wonder是谓语， how引导宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词How是宾语从句中方式状语。句子是用表示方式介词by答复，所以是针对方式题提问，故用how。根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材。--通过每天锻炼。应选C
【2021 ·江苏】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
A. That B. Why C. Where D. How
【答案】C
【2021 ·北京】35. _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A. Where B.How C.Why D. When
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。应选B。
1．(2021·大纲全国卷)Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
【答案】when　
【解析】考察主语从句。句意：土豆被引进欧洲确切时间不确定，但是可能是1565年左右。结合句意可知，when引导主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。
2．(2021·北京卷)Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
【答案】whatever　
【解析】此题考察主语从句引导词。句意：一些人认为，无论是以前发生过还是现在正在发生(事情)，在将来都会再次发生。believe后为宾语从句，而在宾语从句中，设空处引导主语从句，谓语局部为will repeat。has happened前缺少主语，故设空处引导主语从句并在从句中作主语成分，意为“无论什么〞，故用whatever。
3．(2021·重庆卷)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday
—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
【答案】why　
【解析】此题考察同位语从句引导词。句意：“昨天迈克拒绝了耶鲁大学录取，这是真吗？〞“是，但是我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最喜欢大学之一。〞idea后接同位语从句，表示某个想法具体内容。根据that's one of his favorite universities(那是他最喜欢大学之一)可知，“我〞不知道他拒绝耶鲁大学原因(why)。
4．(2021·福建卷)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing________you're afraid to do.
【答案】what　
【解析】此题考察名词性从句引导词。句意：振作起来。勇敢就是做你(明知自己)害怕做事情。分析句子构造可知，动词doing后接是宾语从句，从句中do后缺是宾语，需用what引导。
5．(2021·陕西卷)________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
【答案】When　
6．(2021·湖南卷)As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
【答案】what　
【解析】考察表语从句。句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过一样，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离我们远去。what引导是一个表语从句，且在表语从句中作主语。
7．(2021·四川卷)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born. 〞
【答案】where　
【解析】考察名词性从句。句意：奶奶指着医院说，“那是我出生地方。〞根据语境及句子构造可知，空格处用where引导表语从句。

8．(2021·天津卷)I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
【答案】what　
【解析】考察名词性从句。分析句子构造可知，think后是一个复合宾语从句，该从句中含有主语从句和定语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，因此用what。
9．(2021·山东卷)It is difficult for us to imagine________life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
【答案】what　
【解析】考察连接代词。句意：我们很难想象在古代奴隶生活是什么样子。what was...like？＝how was...？表示“某事怎么样呢？〞。
10. (2021·江苏卷)—What a mess！You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, mum. I am________you have made me.
【答案】what　
11．(2021·北京，31)________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A．That B．What C．Who D．Which
【答案】B
【解析】考察名词性从句。此题题干局部is为系动词，the creative imagination of the writer为表语，故is之前为主语从句。从句中缺少主语指事物，故填what。句意：使得这本书如此不同寻常是作者富于创造想象力。
12．(2021·湖南，28)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell______close you may be to victory.
A．how B．that C．which D．where
【答案】A
【解析】考察名词性从句。动词tell之后为宾语从句，再可以看出宾语从句局部为感慨句转换而来，描述形容词close用how，应选A。
13．(2021·江西，30)________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A．Whoever B．Whatever
C．Whichever D．Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】考察名词性从句。主句谓语为will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意：无论你们其中哪个人弄坏窗子都得为之赔偿。whichever“无论哪一个〞，应选C。
14．(2021·山东，30)It's good to know________the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
A．what B．whose C．which D．that
【答案】D
【解析】考察名词性从句。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一件实事。
15．(2021·陕西，20)It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
A．that B．which C．what D．whether
【答案】D
16．(2021·天津，15)________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A．That B．Which C．Whether D．What
【答案】D
【解析】考察名词性从句。主句谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell直接宾语，指事物，故填what；而which意为“哪一个〞，that、whether均不做成分。
17．(2021·新课标Ⅰ，26)Police have found________appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A．which B．where C．how D．what
【答案】D
【解析】考察名词性从句。动词found后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。
18．(2021·浙江，16)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A．how B．that C．which D．whether
【答案】B
【解析】考察名词性从句。此处belief后所接从句对其内容进展解释说明，故为同位语从句，陈述一个事实，答案为B。
19．(2021·安徽，21)From space, the earth looks blue.This is ________about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A．why B．how C．because D．whether
【答案】C
【解析】考察名词性从句。此处考察表语从句。根据句意：地球看起来是蓝色。这是因为其外表71%是被水覆盖。
20．(2021·四川，6)________you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A．When B．How C．What D．That
【答案】C
【解析】考察名词性从句。此句谓语动词为describes，之前局部即为主语从句。主语从句中缺少谓语said宾语，应选用代词what作said宾语引导主语从句； that在名词性从句中不做成分，只表陈述语气；而when和how为副词，不能做主干成分。
【高考押题】
1．It is our responsibility, so ________ I don't want now is to push it to the students.
【答案】what　
2．Research suggests an increase in voice is a signal ________ someone is lying.
【答案】that　
【解析】考察同位语从句。句意：研究说明声音提高是一个人在撒谎标志。分析句子构造可知，空格后句子意思完整，不缺少任何成分，故用that引导同位语从句，该从句用于解释说明signal内容。
3．The small mountain village ________ we spent our holiday last month lies in ________ is now part of Hubei.
【答案】where; what　
【解析】考察定语从句和宾语从句。“________ we spent our holiday last month〞是定语从句，修饰先行词The small mountain village，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故第一空用where; “________ is now part of Hubei〞是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用what。
4．His family members gave some examples of ________ his drinking and smoking had affected the family.
【答案】how　
【解析】考察宾语从句。分析句子构造可知，“________ his drinking and smoking had affected the family〞是宾语从句，引导从句连接词表示方式，故用how。
5．It has been proved ________ several new kinds of medicine ________ a positive effect on the cure of H7N9.
【答案】that; have　
【解析】考察主语从句和主谓一致。分析句子构造可知，It是形式主语，真正主语是主语从句“________ several new kinds ... the cure of H7N9〞，该主语从句引导词仅起连接作用，无任何意义，故第一空用that，从句中several new kinds of medicine作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
6．It is no use doing ________ you like; you have got to like ________ you do.
【答案】what; what　
【解析】考察名词性从句。句意：干你喜欢事是没有用；你得喜欢你所干事。第一空引导宾语从句且在从句中作like宾语，表示“……事情〞，故用what；第二空引导宾语从句且在从句中作do宾语，表示“……事情〞，故也用what。
7．He jumped out of bed and ran to the door to see ________ the parcel was for.
【答案】who　
【解析】考察宾语从句。句意：他从床上跳下来，跑到门口去看这个包裹是给谁。分析句子构造可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句作see宾语，且空处在从句中作介词for宾语。
8．You can complain, but I doubt ________ it will make any difference.
【答案】whether　
9．The bride and groom gave ________ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.
【答案】whoever　
【解析】考察宾语从句。句意：新郎和新娘给任何一个参加他们婚礼人发一些礼物以分享他们幸福。分析句子成分可知，“________ attended their wedding〞是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，再结合句意可知应用whoever。
10．Helen has just heard the news from her father ________ her boyfriend David will come back soon.
【答案】that　
【解析】考察同位语从句。句意：海伦刚从她父亲那儿得到消息，她男朋友大卫很快就会回来。分析句子构造可知，“________her boyfriend David will come back soon〞是同位语从句，且从句意思完整。不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。
11．The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________ humans want peace, not war.
【答案】that　
【解析】考察表语从句。句意：拯救大兵瑞恩传达信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。此处引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，所以用that。
12．There is still some doubt ________ the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.
【答案】whether　
【解析】考察同位语从句。句意：即使所有因素都考虑了，系统是否会运行仍有些疑问。whether引导同位语从句作doubt同位语，whether表示“是否〞。
13．John seemed puzzled about ________ the question meant.
【答案】what　
14．The teacher won't explain ________ it is that makes his students so fascinated by his lessons.
【答案】what　
【解析】考察宾语从句。“________ it is that makes...by his lessons〞为宾语从句，另外，从句使用了强调句型，强调主语what。
15．It is announced that big prizes will go to ________ finishes the assignment on time.
【答案】whoever　
【解析】考察宾语从句。分析句子构造可知，“________ finishes the assignment on time〞是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语；再结合“大奖将颁给任何一个按时完成任务人〞可知，此处应用whoever。
16.________ he referred to in his article was often discussed by many people.
【答案】What　
【解析】考察主语从句。句意：他在文章里提到(问题)经常被很多人讨论。分析句子构造可知，“________ he referred to in his article〞是主语从句，且空处在从句中作宾语，故用What。
17.The notice came around two o'clock in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be put off.
【答案】that　
【解析】考察同位语从句。句意：下午两点左右传来会议将会被推迟通知。that引导同位语从句，该从句解释说明The notice具体内容。
18.Maybe all Americans realize tha