英语句子七种基本成分.docx

英语句子七种根本成分
英语句子有七种根本成分分别为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语。这七种成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、表语及补语为句子主杆，定语、状语为分枝，与汉语有点相近。汉语中没有表语，因为汉语中的名词和形容词是可以作谓语的，而英语中名词与形容词是不可以的，英语中的名词和形容词只能跟在连系动词后作表语，构成系表构造相当于谓语。

一．主语：句子的主体，可以由名词、代词、非限定动词〔过去分词除外〕、相当于名词、代词的短语或从句(主语从句)来充当。
English is a language spoken all over the world.〔名词〕
I don't like the way you speak. (代词)
To master a language is not as difficult as it is said.〔非限定动词短语〕
What he said made his friend unhappy.〔从句〕

二．谓语：主体的行为、动作或状态，由限定动词来充当。情态动词和助动词不能单独构成谓语，助动词必须和主动词一起构成复合谓语，情态动词要与不带“to〞的不定式一起构成复合谓语。
The police finally found the missing boy.〔单个动词作谓语〕
I was doing my homework all day yesterday. (复合谓语)
You can't expect the world the way you want. (复合谓语)

三．宾语：主体行为动作的对象或内容，可以由名词、代词、非限定动词〔过去分词除外〕、相当于名词、代词的短语或从句(宾语从句)来充当。
They are looking for a better way to cut down the cost. 〔名词短语〕
Most children enjoy playing games. 〔非限定动词短语〕
Can you tell me why you did not come to school yesterday 〔从句〕

四．定语：对句中的名词或代词起修饰或限定作用，由名词、形容词、非限定动词、短语或从句〔定语从句〕来充当。
We have more boy students than girl students in our class. 〔名词〕
Dolphin is one of the most beautiful creatures under water. 〔形容词〕
A doctor from Beijing will be arriving tomorrow.〔介词短语〕
So far nobody has claimed the money discovered in the library.〔过去分词短语〕
I still remember the days when I lived in the countryside with my grandparents. (定语从句)

五．状语：对句子中的动词、形容词、副词乃至整个句子起修饰作用说明事物的状态或逻辑关系，可以由副词、非限定动词、短语或从句〔状语从句〕充当。
Sound travels much faster than an airplane but light travels even faster than sound. (修饰动词和副词)
She is extremely beautiful in this dress.〔修饰形容词〕
When I was young I used to read fairy tales.〔修饰句子〕

六．补语：对句中的宾语起补充说明作用，也叫宾语补语，可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、非限定动词或短语来充当。
We made him captain of our football team. 〔名词〕
The workers found it impossible to finish the project in two weeks〔形容词〕
When she woke up at midnight she found the light still on. (副词)
Mary thought she hadn’t made the students understanding her clearly.〔非限定动词〕
七．表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态，可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、非限定动词或短语及从句〔表语从句〕来充当。
Social networkings are available to all students in China today. 〔形容词〕
A computer mouse is not a small animal that lives in buildings and open fields. 〔名词短语〕
Seeing is believing. 〔非限定动词〕
What she couldn't understand was why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 〔表语从句〕