牛津上海八下8BUnit1Trees知识点梳理.doc

8B Unit 1 Trees
P1
1. nature n. 自然；天性 ---natural a. 自然的；天生的；本能的---unnatural a. 不自然的
e.g. ◆keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡 in nature 在自然界
◆natural food 天然食品 a natural footballer 一个天生的足球运动员
2. seed n. 种子
3. strange a. 奇怪的；陌生的---stranger n. 陌生人
P2
1. live v.=exist 生存；居住-- life n.(lives) 生活；生命--living a. 活着的；逼真的--alive a. 活着；在世
e.g. ◆save one’s life 救某人的命 ◆lose one’s life 失去某人的生命
save his life lose your life
save our lives lose their lives
◆all living things 一切生物 ◆keep sb. alive 使某人活着
Latin is not a living language. find himself alive 发现他自己还活着
拉丁语不是现代用语。 The great man is still alive. 那个伟人还活着。
2. on the left 在左边---on the right 在右边
3. average a. 平均的 e.g. ◆He is average height. 他中等身材。
The average age of the students is 15.平均年龄
4. mouse n. –mice pl. 老鼠
5. tortoise n. –tortoises pl. 乌龟
6. human n. 人类 –humans pl. a. 人的；人类的 e.g. human beings 人类
7. pollute v. 污染 –pollution n. e.g. air pollution water pollution noise pollution
polluted a. 被污染的 e.g. The water is polluted. 这水被污染了。
8. item n. 条款；项目；一件物品 an item
9. well-known a. =famous 著名的 --better-known(比较级)—best-known(最高级)
10. magnolia trees 玉兰树
11. sweet-smelling芳香的
12. be known as 被誉为 know—knew--known
13. show—showed—shown/ showed e.g. show me your watch =show your watch to me
14. decide v. 决定 –decision n. e.g. decide (not) to do sth. 决定（不）做某事
make a decision 做决定
15. probably adv.=possibly =perhaps =maybe 也许；大概；可能
P3
1. pollution fighters 污染斗士
2. fight v.—fought—fought v./ n. 打架；战斗 ---fighter n. 斗士；战士
e.g. fight against/ with 与某人打架/打丈 have a fight 打一架
3. collect some facts 收集一些事实/ 资料 ---collection n. in fact 事实上 a matter of fact 真相
4. a class project on pollution 一个有关污染的班级课题
5. interview sb. about sth. 采访某人关于某事
6. science n. 科学 ---scientist n. 科学家
e.g. Einstein was one of the most famous scientists in the world.
爱因斯坦是最著名的科学家之一。
7. interest n./ v. 兴趣；爱好；利益/ 使感兴趣 –interested a. 感兴趣的 –interesting a. 有趣的
◆many interests 许多兴趣 =many hobbies show great interest in sth. 对某事表现出极大兴趣
◆be interested in sth./ doing 对……感兴趣；=be keen on sth./ doing
8. on the earth 在地球上；在世界上 on earth究竟 e.g. Where on earth are you going?
9. what good 什么好处 good在这里是名词，意为“好处”=benefit n. 利益；好处
10. make sb. (not) do sth. 使某人（不）做某事 -–made--made
11. make + sb./sth + adj. 使（某物/人）变得（怎么样）
e.g. The news made all the boys very happy. 这个消息使得所有的男孩很高兴。
12. make sb. + n. 使某人成为…… e.g. make him a great runner 使他成为一个极好的跑步运动员
13. noise n. 噪音-- noisy a. –noisier—noisiest make much noise 发出许多噪音 make a noise 吵闹
14. noise n. –noisy a. 吵闹的---noisily adv.
15. noisier 更吵；较吵 –◆less noisy 比较不吵；比较安静 =quieter
◆less expensive =cheaper 比较便宜
◆make streets more beautiful and less noisy 使街道更美更安静
16. what else =what other things 别的什么
17. wood n. 木头—wooden a. 木制的 be made of wood由木头做成 a wooden ball一个木球
18. on the end of… 在……的末端 /顶端 e.g. on the end of a pencil 在铅笔的末端
19. in the end =at last =finally 最后
20. at the end of… 在……底；在……的尽头 ◆at the end of the month 在月底
at the end of the story 在故事的结尾 at the end of the road 在马路的尽头
21. come from= be from 来自 come-came-come
22. suppose v. :think (sth. to be true) 认为；推断；假设
e.g. I suppose that you are right. 我猜想你是对的。
23. …also =…,too = …as well =…as well as… =both…and… =not only…but also… =So do/ does sb.
◆as well as 也；还；和 （as well as连接两个主语时，后面的谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。）
e.g. He as well as his sisters is going to Canada.
◆as well as 还=and lively a. 生动的
e.g. Mr. Li’s class is lively and interesting.=Mr Li’s class is lively as well as interesting.
24. breathe v. 呼吸--breathing breathe in 吸入（气体） breathe out 呼出（气体）
breath n. 呼吸 take a deep breath 深呼吸 be out of breath 上气不接下气；喘不过气来
hold one’s breath 屏住某人的呼吸
25. pure a. 纯的；纯净的---mixed 混合的 pure-purer-purest
purely adv. 纯粹地；完全地
26. enjoy breathing pure, cool air 喜欢呼吸洁净凉爽的空气 pure =clean
27. Of course. =Certainly =Sure 当然
28. thank sb. for sth./ doing sth. 为……而感谢某人
e.g. thank you for your invitation =thank you for inviting me 感谢你的邀请
thank you for your help =thank you for helping me 感谢你的帮助
29. take…from…从……中拿出 e.g. take harmful gases from the air从空气中吸收有害气体
take trees from the forests 从森林中取走树木
several kinds of gas 几种气体
30. harm n./ v. 伤害 –harmful a. 有害的—harmless a. 无害的
31. be harmful to =be bad for =do harm to 对……有害
e.g. Smoking is harmful to our health. =Smoking is bad for our health. =Smoking does harm to ~
吸烟对我们的健康有害。
32. release v. 释放；放出 =let out =set free e.g. release the prisoners 释放囚犯
33. release oxygen back into the air 把氧气释放（回）到空气中
34. four—fourth 第四 forty—fortieth 第四十 forty-six---forty-sixth第四十六
35. one and a half hectares =one /a hectare and a half 1.5公顷
36. produce v. 产生；生产= make/ grow –product n. 产品；产物 –production n. 生产；产量
e.g. The factory produces many nice products every year. The production is really good.
这家工厂每年生产许多好的产品。产量真的很好。
Nokia products 诺基亚产品
37. wonder v. 想知道= want to know ---wonderful a. 精彩的；奇妙的；极好的
n. 奇迹
38. ◆enough + 名词 e.g. enough oxygen/ food 足够的氧气/食物
◆形容词+enough e.g. big enough够大 careful enough够仔细
◆adj.+ enough to do… 足够….能做… =so +adj. +that sb. can do…如此……以致于能……
39. keep + sb./sth + adj.(形) 使…处于…的状态 keep--kept--kept
keep your whole class alive 保持/使你们整个班级活着
keep the windows open 让窗户开着 keep us healthy 保持我们健康 （healthier）
40. natural air conditioners 天然的空调 ---air-conditioned a. 有空调的
◆an air-conditioned room ◆The room is air-conditioned. 这个房间是有空调的。
41. do the job of… 起……作用 do the job of 15 air conditioners起15台空调的作用
42. run v. –ran—run 运转；操作 =work/ operate
43. all day = the whole day 整天
44. almost =nearly 几乎；差不多
45. know a lot about trees 对树木了解很多
46. begin v.—began—begun—beginning begin doing/ to do= start doing/ to do开始做
at the beginning of…在……的开始
47. understand v.—understood—understood 理解
48. for example 例如 （后有逗号+句子） =such as +名词/动名词
49. an insect 一个昆虫
50. attack v. 袭击；攻打
51. warn v. 警告；提醒 -–warning n.
warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（不要）做某事
e.g. The police warned us not to go out at night.
警察警告我们晚上不要外出。
52. protect…by (not) doing sth. 通过（不）做某事保护…
e.g. We should protect the environment by planting more trees.
我们应该种更多的树保护环境。
We should protect the environment by not cutting down more trees.
我们应该不砍伐更多的树来保护环境。
53. protect…from 保护……不受…. →prevent …from；keep… from
protect v. –protection n.
54. chemical n. 化学物质；化学品 produce a chemical 产生一种化学物质
a. 化学的 a chemical change 一个化学变化
chemical n./ a. –chemistry n. 化学 a chemistry book/ teacher/ lesson study chemistry 学习化学
chemist n. 化学家；药剂师 (physics n. 物理（学）--physical a. 物理的；身体的)
55. taste v. +adj. 尝起来怎么样 连系动词还有：look; smell; sound; feel; become; get; turn; grow后+形
56. nasty a. 令人厌恶的/不悦的 =unpleasant/ not nice/ horrible/terrible
e.g. a nasty smell 一股很恶心的气味
57. join A and B together 将A 和B连接起来 join= connect 连接
58. join +某人/ 组织： 加入某人；加入某一个组织
take part in +活动/ 比赛/运动会
attend + a meeting/ a lecture/ school =go to 出席会议/讲座；上学
59. pass sb. sth. =pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
e.g. pass him the book =pass the book to him 把那本书递给他
60. each other 相互；互相 表示两个人之间的相互关系
one another 相互；互相 表示两人以上的相互关系
61. communicate v. 交流信息；沟通----communication n. communicate with sb. 和某人交流
e.g. communicate with one another 互相交流
62. be in (great) danger处于（极大的）危险中 ---be out of danger 脱离危险
danger n. –dangerous a. 危险的—more dangerous---most dangerous
63. cut down 砍伐 –cut—cut--cutting
64. burn v. 燃烧 burnt—burnt –burning a. 燃烧着的
65. 6 million trees 六百万棵树 millions of trees 几百万棵数
66. place v. 放置 –replace v. 替换；取代 =take the place of
67. hardly adv. =almost not 几乎不 ◆ hardly any 几乎没有＝almost none
◆hardly ever =almost never 几乎从不
68. hard a. 硬的；困难的；猛烈的
adv. 努力地；猛烈地
69. destroy v. 破坏＝damage destroyed-- destroyed
70. best fighters against pollution 对抗污染的最好斗士们
P4
1. take away 拿走；带走 throw away 扔掉—threw--thrown
2. change v. 改变；变化 ---exchange v. 交换
3. quite a lot =quite a few 相当多的
4. a large number of +可数名词：大量的…… ◆a number of =some =a few 一些
◆the number of …： ……的数量 e.g. The number of the students in our grade is 280.
5. something bad 某些不好的事情 something/ anything/ nothing这些不定代词放在形容词前
6. make four mistakes 犯了四个错误 ---correct mistakes 改正错误
7. live much/far longer than… 比……活得长久得多 much +比较级
8. heat v. 加热； n. 热量 –hot a. –hotter --hottest
9. be like 像 like v. 喜欢； prep. 像
10. share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物
11. main a. =most important 主要的；最重要的---mainly adv. =mostly adv. 大体上；主要地
P5
1. hear v.—heard—heard 听见 listen v. 听
2. power n. 力量；权利 –powerful a. 强大的；有效的
3. fewer and fewer trees 越来越少的树
4. except prep. 除了……以外 ---exception n. 例外 e.g. There are some exceptions.
P6
1. drop v. –dropping 落下；降低 stop v.--stopping
2. die v. –dying tie v. –tying系 shut v. –shutting 关
3. be on holiday 在度假
4. practice doing 练习做某事
5. go windsurfing 去做帆板运动；去冲浪
6. sunbathe v./ n. 沐日光浴；日光浴
7. at/ on the beach 在沙滩；在海滩
8. play badminton 打羽毛球
9. play volleyball 打排球
P7
1. contain v. 包含---container n. 容器
2. belong to him 属于他 The book belongs to Mary =The book is Mary’s. 这本书是玛丽的。
否定句：The book doesn’t belong to Mary. =The book isn’t Mary’s.
3. mean v.—meant—meant—meaning n. 意思
P8
1. Tree-planting Day 植树节 on Tree-planting Day
2. reasons for planting more trees 植更多树的理由---reasonable a. 合理的
3. make streets less noisy 使街道比较安静
4. provide us with food =provide food for us 给我们提供食物
P9
1. fight pollution 对抗污染 fight—fought—fought—fighter n.
2. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
3. use plastic bags for shopping =use plastic bags to shop 用塑料袋购物
4. stop factories from producing harmful gases 阻止工厂产生有害气体
=prevent…from =keep…from (这里不等于protect…from)
5. important a. ---importance n.重要性
6. the most important way to fight pollution 最重要的对抗污染的方法 =~~~ways of fighting pollution
7. agree with sb. 同意某人
P10
1. caption n. 标题；说明文字
2. in a lorry =by lorry 乘货车；乘卡车
3. finish doing sth. 完成某事；做完某事
4. more details 更多的细节
P11
1. trees for life 生命之树
2. remove dust 除去灰尘 ---removal n. 搬迁
3. reduce v. 减少
4. reduce…to 减少到…… reduce…by….减少了……
5. sound pollution 声音污染
6. urban a. 城市的；市内的
7. beautiful a. 美丽的 ---beauty n. 美丽
8. add beauty to cities 给城市增加美丽；给城市增加美感
9. soil n. 泥土；土地
10. wash away (水土)流失；冲走 be washed away 被冲走
11. too…for sb. to do sth. =not…enough for sb. to do sth. = so…that sb. can’t do sth.
太…以致于某人不能…= 对某人来说不够…不能…=如此…以致于某人不能…
e.g. The maths problem is too difficult for us to work out.
=The maths problem is not easy enough for us to work out.
=The maths problem is so difficult that we can’t work it out.
12. provide shelter for both humans and animals =provide both humans and animals with shelter
给人类和动物提供庇护所
13. supply v. 提供；供给=provide supply sth. for sb.
14. much furniture 许多家具 a piece of furniture 一件家具
15. paper products 纸类产品
16. ingredient n. 原料；组成部分
17. medicine n. 药 take some medicine 吃药；服药
18. medicine for headache 治疗头疼的药 medicine for…治疗…..的药
19. medicine n. ---medical a. 医疗的 medical team 医疗队
20. cure v. 治愈；治疗
21. illness n. 疾病=disease cure illnesses 治疗疾病
22. die v. 死 –dead a. 死了的—dying a. 垂死的—death n. 死亡 die—died—died
23. He died two days ago. =He has been dead for two days. 他死了两天了。
24. Betty’s death =the death of Betty Betty的死亡
25. more than =over 超过；多于
26. have been destroyed 已经被毁坏 （现在完成时的被动语态：have/ has + been +done）
27. Trees are being cut down. 树木正在被砍伐。（现在进行时的被动语态：am/ is / are+being+done）
28. make a difference 带来不同；对某事有影响
29. take care of them =look after them =care for them 照顾他们
30. help protect our environment 帮助保护我们的环境 help后+do / to do
31. warmly welcome 热烈欢迎 welcome v.—welcomed—welcomed
32. He would like to join us.= He wants to join us. 他想加入我们。
33. in the next 10 years =in the following 10 years 在随后的10年中
34. find out 找出；查明；弄清 look for 寻找
35. send us an e-mail =send an e-mail to us 给我们发送电子邮件 send—sent—sent
36. Lucy hopes to do sth. =Lucy hopes that she will/ can do sth. Lucy希望做某事
37. A hopes that B will do sth. A希望B将会做某事
38. You will have lots of fun. =You will have a good time. =You will enjoy yourself.你将玩得开心。
39. at least 至少= no less than
40. make a promise 许一个诺言
41. keep a promise 遵守诺言
42. promise (not) to do sth. 承诺（不）做某事
43. zip/ postal code 邮政编码
44. occupation n. 职业
45. the importance of protecting trees 保护树木的重要性
46. be important to 对……重要
P12
1. fierce a. 凶猛的 –fiercely adv.
2. be in prison 坐牢；蹲监狱
3. choose to do sth. 选择做某事 –chose—chosen –choice n.
4. work on the computer 在电脑上工作
5. at the moment =now= at present 此刻；现在
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