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第十讲 写作训练专题
命题点1 记叙文
记叙文的分类:大致分为三类:记人、记事/物、写景状物
(1)以记人为主的记叙文,即以人物为中心组织材料,围绕这个人物可以写一件事,也可写几件事;集中主要人物的描写,记叙人物遇到的事情及人物有什么影响。
(2)以写事为主的记叙文,即以事件为中心组织材料,围绕中心事件可以写一个人,也可以写几个人;为了引起读者的注意,可以从一些纠纷或交叉事件中展开,直到高潮出现,再将问题解决。
(3)以写景状物为主的记叙文。
一、如何描写人
如何描写个人情况
(1)写人的三要素:__________、__________、__________
(2)描写个人的情况的常用词汇:
名词
描写五官特征的词:
eye _______________________________________________________
形容词
描写外貌特征的词:
tall ________________________________________________________
其他
兴趣爱好:
hobby _____________________________________________________
(3)描写个人情况的常用短语:
擅长做某事
be __________ __________ sth
对…感兴趣
be __________ __________ sth
我的/你的/她的/他的爱好
_______ /_______/_______/_______ hobby
踢足球/打篮球
play __________ / __________
大眼睛/ 小嘴巴/高鼻梁
__________ eyes/ __________ mouth/ __________ nose
(4)常用句型总结
(1) 名字
I am …(名字)/ She / He is …(名字)
如:I am Lily.
My / His / Her name is …/ He / She is + 名字
如:Her name is Lily
(2) 年龄
I am / He / She is … years old.
如:He is seven years old.
My / His / Her age is +(年龄)
如:Her age is __________. (十一岁)
(3) 国籍
I am / She / He is from +(国家)
如:He ________ ________ (来自) America.
I am / She / He is +国籍
如:I am __________. (中国人)
(4) 职业/身份
I am + 职业
He / She is a / an + 职业
如:He is a __________. (医生)
(5) 五官特征
I have + 形容词 + 五官
He / She has + 形容词 + 五官
如:She has two ________ ________. (大眼睛)
(6) 家庭情况
There are … people in my / his / her family. They are …
如:There are _________ _________ (四个人)in my family. They are my mother, my father, my brother and me.
(7) 学校情况
I have… lessons in my school.
She / He has … lesson in the school.
如:I have _________ _________ (4节课) in the morning.
My favourite teacher / subject is…
His / Her favourite teacher / subject is…
如: Her _________ _________ (最喜欢的老师) is Miss White.
(6) 性格特点
I am + 形容词
He / She is + 形容词
如:She is very __________ (友好的).
(7) 特长爱好
I am good at …
She / He is good at …
如:I am good at __________ (唱歌)
My / His / Her hobby is …
如:Her hobby is _________ _________ (打羽毛球)
(5)描写人的写作方法和注意事项
写作方法:
a. 先让其他人知道我的基本资料。比如:姓名,年龄…
b. 介绍自己来自哪里?
c. 我的兴趣爱好是什么?
d. 我是什么样的人?
注意:懂得描写“自己”就懂得描写“其他人”
写作技巧tips:
二、 描写动物
描写动物的格式要点:
(1)介绍动物的四要素:外貌、食物、能干的事情及居住的地方
(2)介绍动物的常用词汇和句型以及表达方式:
外貌
looks/is
short/ tall/ round/__________
white/black/__________/__________
食物
like to eat (love eating)
fish/__________/__________
能力
can/can’t
swim/run/__________/__________
居住地
lives in
China/trees/__________/__________
三、 描写景
介绍景的要点:地理位置、人口、当地美食、著名景点和历史文化
介绍景点常用词汇、句型和表达方式
外貌
looks/is
short/ tall/ round/__________
white/black/__________/__________
食物
like to eat (love eating)
fish/__________/__________
能力
can/can’t
swim/run/__________/__________
居住地
lives in
China/trees/__________/__________
假如你是Li Fei,你的美国朋友Jack准备来中国广州游学,现向你了解广州的情况。请根据以下提示给他回信。
要求:全文60词左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。文中不能出现可能透露考生真实身份的任何信息。
提示:
位置:中国南部,现代化城市。 天气: 暖和,不必需太多衣服。
食物:美食很多,不可错过。 购物:非常便利,商场众多。
交通:方便快捷,公交、的士、地铁一应俱全。 人们:城市勤劳。文明友好。
Dear Jack,
You say you are coming to Guangzhou soon. How happy I am!Let me tell you something about my hometown—Guangzhou.
_______________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
I’m sure you will like Guangzhou.
Best wishes!
Li Fei
命题点2 看图作文
解题步骤
(1) 认真读图,把握中心思想。
(2)初步构思,考虑用词、短语、句型和时态。
(3)连词成句,然后再连句成文。运用适当的单词或短语正确表达各图的意思。然后再将各图的单个句子串连起来。
(4)反复审核,修改错误。
(5)注意所给的汉语提示。一般说来,看图写话中的汉语提示往往给定了有关的时间(时态)、地点、人物等相关的信息,有的还规定了文章所采用的体裁,如使用书信、留言、日记等。因此,在审题时我们一定要注意所给的汉语提示。
(6)文章中少用复句,多用单句;少用直接引语,代之间接引语。
看图作文常用短语和句型
(1)第一段:说明图片内容
As is shown in the picture/ table/ graph
According to picture/ table/ graph
It can be seen from the picture/ table/ graph
From the picture/ table/ graph,we kown that…
(2)第二段:分析原因
There are several factors leading to this change / difference ……..
There are several reasons for...(引出原因)
To begin with … (原因一)
In addition … (原因二)
For example / such as… (举例说明)
(3)第三段:自己的观点
As for me/ I think
On the one hand
on the other hand
例文:周六上午,Kevin一家人都在家里。他们在干什么呢?根据图片提示,写一篇60词左右的英语短文,描述一下Kevin一家正在进行的活动。
On the morning ofSaturday, Kevin’s family are staying at home and having an busy but colourful day. Kevin’s mother is cleaning her house. His father is readinga morning newspaper. Her sister Lily is plantinga tree in the garden. Kevin is watching TV inthe living room. In the evening, they will havea big dinner. What a happySaturday it is!
根据下列六幅图片,写一篇题目为“An Interesting Book”的小故事,词数约60。
提示:(1)画中人物:Mr. and Mrs. Smith;他们的儿子Mike。
(2)故事的开头是:It was dinner time…
(3)题目与故事的第一句话不计算入总词数内。
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命题点3 话题作文
(一)天气
描写天气的常用词汇:
四个季节
summer,
四个季节的特征
spring:
summer:
autumn:
winter:
十二个月
January,
活动
spring:
summer:
autumn:
winter:
描写活动的常用短语
(1) 去游泳____________________ (2) 去野餐____________________
(3) 去野营____________________ (4) 去滑雪____________________
(5) 对雪人____________________ (6) 放风筝____________________
(7) 吃冰淇淋____________________ (8) 照相____________________
常用句型总结
(1)There are four seasons in a year. 一年中有四个季节。
(2) There are twelve months in a year. 一年中有十二个月。
(3) It is sunny / hot. … 天气阳光明媚/很热……
(4) We can go camping…我们可以去野营……
(5) It is the best to …到做…的最佳时间
描写天气特征的写作方法和技巧
(1) 思维导图
(2) 掌握各个季节天气特征的常用词汇,句型和短语,并运用到写作中。
(3) 注意写作的时态。
例:请写一篇作文介绍广州的夏天的天气。注意从以下几方面描叙:第一,描写季节的天气特征。第二,描写季节可以做的事情。第三,其他方面进行描写。并且要根据提示运用描写天气的常用词汇、短语和句型。并且要注意写作技巧。
Hello, everyone! Do you know Guangzhou city? It’s in the south-east of China. I want to tell you something about the weather about summer in Guangzhou. In Guangzhou, it is very sunny and hot in Guangzhou. Sometimes it rains. It is hotter than many places in China. But we can eat delicious ice-creamsand we can also go swimming in summer. That is very cool! I like summer in Guangzhou. Which season do you like best?
练一练:你们班开展以 “My Favourite Season”为题的作文比赛,请根据下面表格的提示,写一篇总结。
Tom
喜欢秋天,天气干燥,凉快,经常去野餐和放风筝
Mary
喜欢冬天,经常下雪,喜欢玩雪和堆雪人
James
喜欢春天,天气温暖,外出旅行和爬山
你
你喜欢的季节,原因 (1-2点)
(1) 用正确的时态叙述文章,字数60字左右,开头和结尾已写出,不计入词数。
(2)书写要整洁,规范;
(3)不得透露学校,姓名等任何人的信息,否则不计入分数。
Our class had a writing competition about weather, Here I will talk about our favourite ones.
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Everyone in our class has a good time in his or her favourite season.
(二)日常生活习惯(Daily Life)
描写习惯的常用词汇:
频度副词
adv.
总是
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
adv.
通常
adv.
经常
adv.
有时
adv.
几乎不
adv.
从不
描写习惯的常用短语:
起床_________________ 去上学_________________ 去上班_________________
吃晚餐_______________ 每周五_________________ 看电视__________________
回家_________________ 做家务__________________ 打篮球__________________
常用句型总结:
(1) I have a busy day.我有个忙碌的一天。
(2) My father often goes to work at 8:00 in the morning.我爸爸经常早上八点钟去上班。
(3) They sometimes goes shopping at the weekend.他们有时周末去逛街。
描写习惯的写作方法和技巧:
(1) 描写习惯时,可以从以下几方面入手:
1) 某人的日常生活(如平时喜欢做什么/ 经常做什么) 2) 某人的心情和感受
(2) 掌握习惯的常用词汇,句型和短语,并运用到写作中。
(3) 注意写作的时态。
例:根据下图提示,写一写Tom周末的作息时间和活动,不少于50个单词。
描写习惯时,可以从以下几方面入手:1) 某人的日常生活(如平时喜欢做什么/ 经常做什么);2) 某人的心情和感受。其次,还要掌握习惯的常用词汇,句型和短语,也需注意写作的时态。此题写的是Tom周末的作息时间和活动,是三单主语,后面所接动词也需变成三单形式。
Tom is a ten-year-old boy. He usuallyhas a busy weekend. He often goes running at 8:00 in the morning. He cleans the house at half past ten in the morning. He plays the computer at half past four in the afternoon. He usually watches TV at half past seven in the evening. He is tired, but he is happy.
练一练:请介绍你的一天生活作息,不少于50词。
举例:I get up at... I go to school at... … I have class… I……
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(三)保持健康
例:根据下面思维导图写一篇不少于50字的作文,如何保持健康。
As we know, it is important to be healthy. How to keep healthy. First of all, we should eat fresh fruit and vegetables. Don’t eat too much meat and drink too much alcohol. Secondly, we should do exercise every day. We shouldn’t take drugs and smoke. Because it is bad for our health. Finally, we should have enough sleep every day, don’t stay up late. If we do these things, I think we will have a healthy body.
描写健康的常用词汇:
名词
蔬菜:orange, ________________________________________________________
饮料:water, _______________________________________________________
其他食物:bread, _____________________________________________________
形容词
fat, fit, strong, healthy, good ____________________________________________
动词
keep, do, smoke; drink, eat, smile, _______________________________________
描写健康的短语
(1) good habit (好习惯)
多吃水果和蔬菜_______________________________
多喝水____________________多做运动______________________
早起______________________保持微笑______________________
(2) bad habit (坏习惯)
抽太多烟_______________________ 喝很多酒_____________________
熬夜_________________________ 吃太多食物____________________________
常用句型总结:
(1) How to keep healthy? 怎么样保持健康?
(2) There are some ways to keep healthy. 有一些保持健康的方法
(3) First,... … Second,... … Finally,... … 第一,… 第二,… 最后,…
(4) We should + 其他。 如:We should kee a good diet.
(5) We shouldn’t + 其他 如:We shouldn’t eat too much meat.
(6) Don’t + 其他 如:Don’t drink too much coke.
描写运动的写作方法和技巧
(1)思维导图
a. health 思维导图
b. eating habit思维导图
c. take exercise 思维导图
(2) 掌握描写健康的常用词汇,句型和短语,并运用到写作中。
(3) 注意写作的时态。
健康对于任何人来说都是重要的。春风学校除了早操和阳光大课间外,孙校长还特别强调每一个学生必须每天喝两杯开水来保持健康。为了保持健康,我们应该注意什么呢?根据表格提示写一篇不少于60词的短文。
have a healthy eating habit
have more healthy food and drink
have less unhealthy food and drink
take exercise
play basketball
take a walk…
relax ourselves
get enough sleep
listen to music…
Health is important for us. So we need to know how to keep healthy.
First, having a healthy eating habits. We should eat lots of fruit and vegetables. Because they are good for our health. Eating little meat and drinking more milk are good for us, too.Second, taking exercise is helpful. Regular exercise can help build us up. We can play basketball, take a walk, run or swim. Finally, relaxing ourselves is necessary. We should sleep for about 8 hours at night. What’s more, we can relax ourselves by listeningto some music, watching TV, doing sports or talking to others.
In a word, keep healthy, and we can study better, work better and live a happier life.
(四)节假日
中国传统节日
节日英文名称
节日时间
春节
__________
农历正月初一
元宵节(灯节)
the Lantern Festival
农历正月十五
清明节
the Qingming Festival
四月五日前后
端午节
__________
农历五月初五
中秋节
__________
农历八月十五
七夕情人节
the Double-Seventh Day
农历七月初七
重阳节
__________
农历九月初九
国际劳动节
May Day
May1st
教师节
Teachers’ Day
September 10th
国庆节
National Day
October1st
西方重要节日
节日英文名称
节日时间
情人节
Valentine’s Day
February 14th
愚人节
April Fool’s Day
April 1st
复活节
__________
A Sunday between March 22nd and April 25th 每年春分月圆之后的首个星期日
母亲节
Mother’s Day
5月的第二个星期日
父亲节
Father’s Day
6月的第三个星期日
万圣节前夕
__________
October 31st
感恩节
__________
the fourth Thursday of November
圣诞节
__________
December 25th
注意:以Festival结尾的多为中国传统节日,前面用介词at/ during修饰;以Day结尾的节日,前面用介词on/ during修饰。
描写节假日的常用短语:
(1) 我最喜欢的节日________________ (2) 打扫房子____________________________
(3) 买新衣服______________________ (4) 吃一顿美味的大餐____________________
(5) 聚在一起______________________ (6) 压岁钱______________________________
(7) 拜访亲戚______________________ (8) 祝他们春节快乐______________________
(9) 最重要的节日__________________ (10) 复活蛋_____________________________
(11) 圣诞老人_____________________ (12) 索要糖果或蛋糕____________________
(13) 唱圣诞歌_____________________ (14) 吃月饼____________________________
(15) 观看龙舟比赛___________________ (16) 给老人礼物________________________
(17) 给不给,不给就捣蛋________________________
(18) 把礼物放在树下或袜子里_______________________
常用句型总结:
(1) The Spring Festival is usually in January or February.春节一般在一月或二月。
(2) I like the Spring Festival best.我最喜欢春节。
(3) So people usually clean their houses and buy new clothes tomake everything new and fresh.所以人们经常打扫房子和买新衣服,使全部东西焕然一新。
(4) Parents will give their children some lucky money.父母们会给他们的孩子一些压岁钱。
(5) In many western countries, Christmas is the most important festival of the year. 在很多西方国家, 圣诞节是一年中最重要的节日;
(6) Christmas is always on December 25th, and before that day people will put up a large Christmas tree in their home. 圣诞节总是在12月25日那天, 而那天以前人们会在家里竖起一棵大大的圣诞树。
(7) Families and friends come together on that day for a big Christmas lunch or dinner. 那一天家人和朋友聚在一起吃一顿丰盛的午餐或晚餐。
描写节假日的写作方法和技巧:
(1) 描写节假日时,可以从以下几方面入手:
1) 你最喜欢的节假日
2) 节假日的时间
3) 这个节假日的重要性
4) 这个节假日有关活动
5) 你的感受
(2) 掌握各个节假日的常用词汇,句型和短语,并运用到写作中。
(3) 注意写作的时态。
例:描述一下你最难忘的一个中秋节是怎么过的。注意:不要提及自己的姓名及学校,50词。
Mid-autumn Festival is an important festival in China. It’s usually in September or October. I had a happy Mid-autumn festival last year. My mother made many different kinds of moon-cakes for the family. They were so delicious and I ate lots of them. We got together to have a big dinner with a lot of great food. And we enjoyed the full moon together, too. We were so happy.
练一练:儿童节你一般都是怎么过的呢?你喜欢这个节日吗?请用英语写一篇关于你的儿童节的小短文,不少于50词。
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命题点4 写信/邀请函
(一)写信
(1)一般写信的五部分:信头、称呼、正文、结束语和署名
(2)写信
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