提高小学高年级学生数学作业质量的途径.doc

　　小学数学在基础教育中有着重要地位，《全日制义务教育数学课程标准》中明确指出，由于生活习性不同，学生之间存在一定差异，作为教师要注意到学生的不同，因材施教。尤其是小学高年级学生，他们已经形成了不同的性格特征，生活环境和方式也不尽相同，怎样改善教学上的差异，作者考虑到可以通过作业改革来实现，针对不同的学生制定不同程度的作业，类似于“能者多劳”，在教学上也可以采取此类办法，目的都是为了减轻学生压力，提高学生学习积极性。

　　一、使教材“生动”起来，引起学生兴趣

　　为提高升学率，针对六年级小学生，学校制订了多种数学教学方案，甚至包括作业在内都进行了不同程度的编排。其中最常采用的就是“题海战术”，通过让学生们做大量习题来增强他们对知识的印象，但是不断的练习，很容易让学生产生疲劳感，导致学生对数学的学习兴趣下降。所以，该怎样引起学生数学的学习兴趣？作者认为，第一，老师要对作业进行调整，优化改革，且要把作业资源进行重新编排，不仅能引起学生兴趣，也能提高学生的思维拓展能力。要完成这一目标，教师就要对教材滚瓜烂熟，不仅仅是布置课后习题，更重要的是深度分析习题，把课后习题作为一条线索贯穿于整个教学过程中，以使数学课堂教学、课堂活动、课后习题解答成为教学环环相扣的资料。再则，要激起学生对数学的兴趣，使学生在作业中找到自信，提高学习兴趣。

　　在题目方式的改革上，要做到灵活多变、富有趣味、独特新奇，以多种方式促进学生思维能力的扩展，让学生有求知欲，把做作业看作是一件有意思的事。比如在学习二元一次方程时，把解题步骤编排成一首歌，以说唱的形式进行，这样既激发了学生学习的热情又活跃了课堂气氛。此种类型的课程改革有效的解决了一部分问题，学生对学习的积极性增强，对完成作业也充满信心。

　　为引起学生学习兴趣，还可以从课本本身出发，让学生课前预习，特别是那些需要动手制作模型的课时，一定要让学生先动手制作，尝试一下自己建立模型的乐趣。作者认为，手工作业有其存在的意义。例如，在学习《圆柱与圆锥》时，让同学自己动手制作，在制作过程中他们就会知道哪里有问题，怎样才能做出一个合格的模型，怎样计算周长和表面积等等。在同学们自己动手制作之后，让学生写下自己在制作过程中发现的问题，这样当老师上课讲解时学生就可以有针对性高效快速的学习吸收。

　　小学数学教学还可以布置允许范围内的调查作业，培养学生主动搜集资料、动手制作的能力。这样既可以增强他们的信心也可以提高他们对人群的适应能力。在数学调查实践课中，还有一点是可以培养学生统计归纳的能力。比如让学生记录家庭用电情况，从中发现哪个时间段用电量高，哪个时间段用电量低。以此为依据制作一份调查报告，并备注安全用电注意事项、电量单位换算、电费价格等等。这对小学高年级学生来说是非常棒的学习经历。他们不仅能从中学到知识，更把课堂上学习的有关统计、画数据图的知识真实的运用在了生活中，让学生明白，学习知识不只是理论，更多的是为了在实际生活中运用。作业的设置不仅要有新意，而且要有一定的动手操作价值，用实践完善理论，让学生真正爱上数学，沉迷于数学。

　　二、活跃学生的思维，培养学生自主学习能力

　　小学高年级学生的数学思维发散要靠教师的带领和指导，而非机械式教育。在学习方式上，教师可以分析数学试卷为突破口，把不同层次的学生安排在一个互动小组，彼此互帮互助，合作学习；也可以把同水平学生放置在一个小组中，让他们竞争的同时合作，合作的同时竞争，逐渐积累知识，增强对知识的掌控。在不同的分组中布置不同的作业，能力强的可以帮扶能力差的，互相取长补短。多观察、多交流、多类比，不论哪种方式，都是以开拓学生思维方式为目的而进行的。学生小组探讨学习可以以课本为依据，解答课本上的思考题或带星难题，不论能否突破，都是对自己运用数学学习能力的一次尝试和体验。

　　教师也可以为学生设置问题，比如同样高度，同时下落，是羽毛下落快还是铁片下落快；学生们都会根据自己的生活经验对这个问题进行推断，可以是铁片也可以是同时，甚至是羽毛下落快。老师把学生分组，在没有结论的前提下，为求证真实结果，学生们普遍会通过实际操作来寻找答案。有的小组找来羽毛，有的小组找来铁片，有的小组取来秒表，有的小组找寻合适场地，一个同学手持两件物体，另一个同学喊口令记秒表，余下几个同学在落地处观察落地情况。如此重复两到三次实验，通过实际操作得出羽毛铁片同时落地的结论。这让同学们吃惊的同时自然而然的激发了学生的学习兴趣，让学生主动对知识有了追求和向往。

　　三、充实题库，分层作业

　　通过多年的教学经验，可以发现一个在小学高年级中普遍存在的问题：知识面过小，思维模式简单。追溯其根源，无非是作业内容单一化、刻板化。针对怎样解决，作者认为，可以在作业布置模式和类型上进行修改。从数学题库中寻找不同类型的题目，针对不同水平学生布置不同类型作业。对学生作业实行分类管理，分类批改。

小学高年级学生数学学习质量的提升不是一朝一夕可以办到的，这需要教师学生的共同努力，以提升学习质量为目标，运用不同的解决办法，最大程度的改进教学方式和作业形式，让学生在不同层次上也可以实现思维方式的发散和拓展。

Elementary school mathematics has an important status in the basic education, the full-time compulsory education mathematics curriculum standard "in the clear, because life is different, there are some differences between students, as different, teachers should notice students according to their aptitude. Especially in the elementary school higher grades students, they have formed different personality traits, living environment and the way also is not the same, the difference of how to improve the teaching, the authors consider it will through the reform of operation, set according to different students of different level, similar to the "" out whoever needs, also can take such measures, on the teaching purpose is in order to reduce the pressure of students, improve students' study enthusiasm.
One, make the teaching material "vivid", cause the students interest
In order to improve graduation rates, in view of the sixth grade primary school students, the school made a variety of mathematics teaching plan, even including operation, the different levels of choreography. One of the most commonly used is "workbook", by making the students to do a lot of problem to enhance their impression of knowledge, but practice, it is easy to let students produce fatigue, resulting in a decline in the learning interest of the students in mathematics. So, how to attract students' interest in learning mathematics? First, the author thinks that the teacher to adjust operation, optimize the reform, and have to be reorganized your homework resources, not only can cause the student interest, also can improve the students' thinking ability in developing. To accomplish this goal, teachers will be thoroughly to the teaching material, is more than just homework problems, more important is in-depth analysis of problem sets, the homework problems as a clue throughout the teaching process, to make the mathematics classroom teaching, classroom activities, homework problems to solve teaching become linked data. Moreover, to arouse students interest in mathematics, so that the students find confidence in the work, improve the learning interest.
On the subject of reform, to achieve a flexible, rich taste, unique novelty, in a variety of ways to promote students' thinking ability of extension, lets the student have a thirst for knowledge, to do the homework as an interesting thing. In learning as a binary equation, for example, the problem solving steps into a song, in the form of rap, it stimulated the enthusiasm of the students learning and active classroom atmosphere. This type of curriculum reform and effective solve the part of the problem, the enthusiasm of students in learning, also full of confidence to finish the homework.
To cause the students interest in learning, can also be based on text itself, let the students to preview before class, to make a model class, especially those who need to be sure to make, let the students begin to try build model. The author thinks that manual work has its existence. For example, in studying the cylindrical and conical, let the students themselves, they will know where in the process of production has a problem, how to make a qualified model, how to calculate the pupil area and so on. Made in the students themselves, let the students write down their problems found in the production process, so that when the teacher in class when teaching students can be targeted and efficient rapid absorption.
The elementary school mathematics teaching can also allows within the scope of the investigation assignment, cultivate students' ability of active data collection, to make. It can enhance their confidence and can improve their ability to adapt to people. In mathematical investigation practice lesson, and one more thing is can cultivate students' ability of statistical induction. Let the student record household electricity supply, for example, to find your time power consumption is high, which time power consumption is low. Based on a survey report, and note the safe precautions, power unit conversion, electricity price, and so on. It is very good for the elementary school higher grades students learning experience. They can not only learn knowledge, more to the classroom learning the knowledge of statistics, draw a data graph of real use in the life, lets the student understand that learning is not just a theory of knowledge, more is to use in real life. Homework set not only innovative, but should have some hands-on value, perfect the theory with practice, let students really fall in love with mathematics, indulge in math.
Second, active students thinking, cultivate students' autonomous learning ability
The elementary school higher grades students' mathematical thinking divergence depends on teachers lead and guide, rather than mechanical education. In the mode of learning, the teachers can analyze the mathematics examination paper as the breakthrough point, put different levels of students in an interactive team, helping each other, each other cooperation learning; Can also be placed at students in a group, competition and cooperation, cooperation and competition, and gradually accumulate knowledge, strengthen the control of knowledge. In the different groups of different assignment, ability can help the poor ability, mutual complement each other. Seeing much, more exchanges, analogy, either way, is to develop students' thinking way for the goal. Group study can be based on textbooks, students answer textbook questions or problems, no matter whether breakthrough, is to use an attempt and the experience of mathematics learning ability.
Teachers can also give students a set problems, such as the same height, falling at the same time, the feather is falling fast or plate falling fast; Students can infer according to their own life experience on this issue, can be iron can also be at the same time, even a feather falling fast. Teacher groups, the students in the premise of no conclusion, to test the real results, the students generally can through the actual operation to find the answer. Some groups to feather, some team to iron, some team to get a stopwatch, some group looking for suitable sites, a classmate with two object, another classmate shout password chronograph, the remaining few students in the fall is located in the observation to the ground. Repeat two or three experiments, through actual operation come to the conclusion that iron feather fall to the ground at the same time. This surprised the students naturally inspired the students' interest in learning at the same time, let the students take the initiative to have pursuit and yearning for knowledge.
Third, enrich the question bank, layered homework
Through many years of teaching experience, we can find a common problem in the elementary school higher grades: knowledge is too small, simple mode of thinking. Trace its roots, are nothing more than a job content simplification and rigid. Aiming at how to solve, the author thinks that can be modified on homework mode and type. For different types of questions from mathematics question bank, with different types of homework according to different level students. Corrects the categorized management of students homework, classification.
The elementary school higher grades students mathematics study quality of ascension is not going to do it, it needs the joint efforts of teachers to students, to enhance the quality of their education as the goal, using different solution, the greatest degree of improving teaching methods and operation form, let the students at different levels also can realize divergent thinking and expand.