大学英语四级听力解题技巧(课堂PPT).ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,大学四级,听力专题,1,听力考题大纲（,2016,年起已改革）,全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会自,2016,年,6,月考试起将对四、六级考试的听力试题作局部调整。,四级听力部分各项占比：短篇新闻,7%,，长对话,20%,，听力篇章,20%,；六级听力部分各项占比：长对话,8%,，听力篇章,7%,，讲座,/,讲话,20%,。听力分值占比,15%,。,1,）四级：听力部分共,25,题，包括短篇新闻，长对话和听力篇章。均采用多项选择题的形式进行考核，每段对话均朗读一遍。,短篇新闻：有,3,段，共,7,题，每题,1,分；分值占比,7%,。长对话：有,2,篇，共,8,题，每题,1,分；分值占比,8%,。听力篇章：有,3,篇，共,10,题，每题,2,分；分值占比,20%,。,2,六级听力改革,2,）六级：,包括长对话，听力篇章和讲座,/,讲话。均采用多项选择题的形式进行考核，每段对话均朗读一遍。,长对话：有,2,篇，共,8,题，每题,1,分；分值占比,8%,。听力篇章：有,2,篇，共,7,题，每题,1,分；分值占比,7%,。听力篇章：有,3,篇，共,10,题，每题,2,分；分值占比,20%,。,3,正确答案的特征,含义肯定的不是正确选项，,模糊,的是正确选项,意思具体的不是正确选项，,概括,的是正确选项,意思详细的不是正确选项，,抽象,的是正确选项,意思肤浅的不是正确选项，,深刻,的是正确选项,4,常规解题技巧：,预读选项，确定场景，善用排除,1.,常见的场景有：,(1)作业场景,:,作业包括assignment，paper，essay，presentation，experiment等形式，作业一般很多，很难。,(2)课程及考试场景,:,课程(course)一般很难，very challenging，好让有志于赴美读书的各国青年才俊们三思而后行。,(3)授课场景,:,教授的课(含lecture，presentation等)讲的极为枯燥，很难听懂但是学生却对教授评价甚高;,(4)考试场景,:,考试一般很难，女生比男生用功，考的好，还很爱帮助男生上进。,5,(5)放假场景;大家思乡心切，急于回家。,(,6,)打工找工作场景：工作难找，面试要做充分准备。,(,7,)事故场景：学生一般命大，遇到交通事故(甚至飞机坠毁)，往往车(包括自行车)毁而人无大碍，受点轻伤或者毫发未伤。,(,8,)看show场景：一般人多票难买。,(,9,)噪音场景：一般是嫌原来的住处too noisy，不利于安心学习。,6,(,10,)遇事不要着急，要耐心，要等待。,(11)找人一般找不到。,(12)教授、医生、学生一般都很忙。,(13)飞机、火车一般都晚点。,7,2.,排除一个选项的技巧，下列选项，可以排除：,1.所属类别和其他选项相距甚选的选项，例如：,(A)The choice of course.(C)An evening course.(B)A day course.(D)Their work.,其中的D选项，明显和其它三个选项属于不同类别，因而对的可能性极小。,8,2.所涉及的人物和其他选项不同的选项，例如：,A)The arrangement of the Wednesday meeting.,B)Where they are going to meet Mr.Johnson.,C)The necessity of writing to Mr.Johnson.,D)Who is going to contact Mr.Johnson.,其中的A选项，明显和Mr.Johnson.没直接关系,因而对的可能性极小。,9,3.四个选项中，仅有一个选项含有数字或专用名词，则该选项一般不对，例如：,A)They are both anxious to try Italian food.,B)They are likely to have dinner together.,C)The man will treat the woman to dinner tonight.,D)The woman refused to have dinner with the man.,其中有且仅有A选项，含有专用名词Italian,因而对的可能性极小。,10,又例如：,A)Take the GRE test again in 8 weeks.,B)Call to check his scores.,C)Be patient and wait.,D)Inquire when the test scores are released.,其中有且仅有A选项，含有专用名词GRE,有含有数字，因而对的可能性更小。,11,4.四个选项中，仅有一个或者两个选项含有听力中很少涉及的词汇，则该选项一般不对。,例如：,A)He was kept in hospital for a long time.,B)He was slightly injured in a traffic accident.,C)He was seriously wounded in a mine explosion.,D)He was fined for speeding.,C选项含有mine explosion在听力和日常口语中很少涉及，因而对的可能性很小。,12,5.内容不合常理、比较荒谬的选项一般不对。例如：,A)Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers.,B)She doesnt agree with the man.,C)Drunk drivers are not guilty.,D)People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.,其中的A选项是不合常理的，大多数死于交通事故的人是醉鬼车轮下的冤魂，而不是被称为“马路杀手”的醉酒司机，C选项就更为荒谬，Drunk drivers无罪，天理难容!,13,6.含义比较绝对、过于极端的选项一般不对。一般说来，含有too(太)anything,everything等含义比较绝对的选项是不对的。例如：,A)She takes it as a kind of exercise.B)She wants to save money.,C)She loves doing anything that is new.D)Her office isnt very far.,其中，A选项含义比较绝对，除非有很大把握，一般不能作为正确选项。,14,3.,重点预选的技巧,1.含义相反或者相对的两个选项，正确选项一般就在其中。例如：,A)The woman should confirm her appointment with the doctor.,B)The woman should have seen the doctor earlier.,C)The womans headache will go away by itself.,D)The woman has been complaining too much.,其中，B和C选项的含义相反，正确答案就在其中，C选项一般不符合常理(得了病一般能扛着吗?不能，何况是贪生怕死的英美人?)，因而只能是B答案正确。,15,又例如：,A)Henry doesnt like the color.B)Someone else painted the house.,C)There was no ladder in the house.D)Henry painted the house himself.,B选项和D选项相对，因而答案就在其中。,16,2.结构相差很小、含义差别较大的选项，正确选项一般就在其中。例如：,(A)At a cigarette store(C)At a gas station(B)At a bus station(D)At Aunt Marys,其中的B和C选项，结构非常相似，仅差一个词，答案一般就在其中。,17,新闻听力解题思路,四级听力新闻共三篇，共七道题，每篇长度大约,200,个单词，朗读语速在每分钟,130,个词左右。参考了,TEM4,考试新闻部分，其长度不大，虽然短小，但是信息量却很多，新闻听力需要让听众在短时间里获得最多的信息，一般将最重要的内容放在开头的第一句，这句话就是新闻的导语，通常包括了如,what,when,where,who,why,和,how,等新闻事实。后面的内容一般是针对导语的进一步展开，所以新闻听力一般会采用主旨,+,细节的考查方法。通常考查的新闻细节包括时间、地点、行为、数字等方面。,18,新闻听力解题思路,1.,预览选项，推测新闻段落的基本内容,2.,根据选项判定题型,新闻听力一篇两道题，通常是主旨题和细节题。新闻特点主旨题在导语第一句。,3.,放音时边听边记,4.,听清问题,5.,所听即所得,19,必须在平时开始积累。,BBC,和,VOA,、,CNN,、,CHINA DAILY,改编的新闻节目，经济类和环保类。,听力练习步骤：,1.,做题,2.,对答案,3.,查阅听力原文 单词、短语、定位词,4.,再次做题,5.,跟读（长对话）,答题关键必须听清楚 问什么,重 点 听 力,20,对话题,对话题可以说是考生最易拿分的部分，建议考生在做这部分题目时，按以下三个步骤来完成。,第一步：,预读选项,。听录音前先浏览一下题目的四个选项，这是做好听力题目的必要前提。考生通过分析四个选项，再结合自己的猜测，就可以对对话所涉及的话题有个大体的了解，这样就可以带着问题去听，就能将注意力集中在对话中的关键信息点，从而减轻听的负担。,21,第二步：,把握关键词和关键句,。在听录音的过程中，考生要注意把握一些关键词和关键句。首先要注意听表示转折关系的词汇，例如,but、however、unfortunately、unexpectedly、to tell the truth,等。其次也要注意听关键句。在对话题中，往往会有一些表示建议或劝告的句子，例如,“Why?”“Whynot?”“Why dont you/we?”“It would be better to do.”“Wouldnt it be better to do?”,根据对历年四级听力真题的分析，这类关键词和关键句之后往往是考点所在，所以考生要加以重视。,22,第三步：,判断相关场景,。考生要学会通过捕捉听力题目和听力录音中出现的关键词来判断相关场景。四级听力常考的场景有：学习场景、工作场景、天气场景、医院场景、租房场景、娱乐场景、餐馆场景、选课场景等。判断出相关的场景有利于考生在解题时有据可依，提高解题正确率。在这里笔者也提醒考生，由于英语是一种模式化的语言，在固定的场景中，其词汇和表达也相对比较固定，所以考生应在平时注意多积累一些场景中的高频词汇和习惯表达，以提高听力理解能力。,23,根据统计，可以在录音中直接找到答案的四级听力试题的比例约为35%，50%的题目可以在录音中找到和正确答案的同义或反义的句子。推理题难度较大，但是，可以根据谈话人的语气、场景规律以及B部分同一篇文章的其他题目的答案或者文章中重复次数很多的单词或者概念确定答案。,24,短文听力,短文听力共考核三段，题型无变化，共,10,道题，分值今年改革由以往的,10%,变为,20%,，是听力中拿分的重点的重点。,最大的特点在于语速快，一篇短文,250,词左右，大约一分钟朗读,130,词，高峰时达到,160,词，也即一篇文章一分多钟就读完了。童鞋们最大的难点在于跟不上，记不住，没反映过来就完了。因此此类考题答题技巧尤为重要。,25,短文听力的命题特点,1.,形似阅读理解，难度相差悬殊。听力短文在形式上与阅读理解基本相同，都是根据材料所包含的信息回答后面提出的问题，但听力短文材料的难度比阅读理解小得多，只相当于一般的口语材料。因此考生完全没有必要被其外在形式吓倒。,2.,短文播放时间固定，但有弹性时间可利用。虽然短文播放的时间及回答问题的时间是固定的，但播放听力录音之前有大约,90,秒的试音时间，且在播放短文之前要播放本题的指令部分（,directions),这些时间都是可以利用的。,26,短文听力的命题特点,3.,短文体裁较为固定，为做出正确判断提供了语境依据。听力短文多为说明文或叙述性小故事，材料较为通俗易懂，这使提前根据所给选项推断材料内容成为可能。,4.,选项已知，可作为推断短文内容的依据。虽然材料的内容只播放一遍，但每小题的选项是提前给定的，考生可以根据选项所提供的信息，利用前面提到的弹性时间进行推断，为充分获取短文信息创造更加有利的条件。,5.,各小题类型相对固定，有助于总结答题规律。多年来听力短文的试题类型是相对固定的，主要包括细节题、推断题、态度题、数字题、主旨题等。这给我们正确解题提供了启发和思路。,27,短文解题技巧,解题思路：,1,、预览选项，判定文体,通常是两篇说明文和,1,篇记叙文,如果是说明文，考题通常是两大类,A),主旨大意题 （宏观）,B,）细节推理题 （微观）,如果是记叙文，则考查的是起因、经过、结果，人与人之间的关系和人与动作之间的匹配。,28,短文解题技巧,2,、分析选项间的逻辑关系（相同排除，相反取一；具有概括性的、深刻性的、表达委婉语气的选项往往是正确 答案；与其他三个选项比较是另类的要排除。）,3,、找到不同题干下相关联的内容（实词相关原则）,4,、把握,10,组,key words,(,关键词）,29,Key Words,哪些是,Key Words?,比如说你听到,most important,后面不管听到什么词，听到什么你看选项里有的一定是正确答案。另外转折后，因果关系等这些也是关键词答案,30,短文,keywords,Key words,指能够标志正确答案出现的词，也就是说,key words,后面往往是正确的答案。,Key words,分为宏观和微观两个大的方向。,宏观方向（代表,passage,的主旨和大意）,段首段尾句：任何一个篇章每一句话往往是重点,设问句：一般疑问听升调，特殊疑问句听特殊问词,(5w+1h),，读者读降调表示疑问，读升调往往表示不理解，不同意，不赞同的意思。,31,短文,keywords,宏观方向（代表,passage,的主旨和大意）,3.,总结性质的词汇：,in brief,in particular,in short,all in all,generally speaking,conclude,conclusion,in word,so,you see,in fact,we can say,ok,anyway etc.,通常 出现在说明文里作总结主旨和大意,4.,重复性质的信息：指实词重复,5.,首段转折：在第一段中出现,but,however,yet,instead,today,后往往是正确答案。,32,微观方向（细节信息）,6.,转折对比处：,passage,中出现转折对比的词汇，转折对比的后面为正确答案。,Although,though,even though,despite,in spite,however,but,yet,well,not but,instead,on the other hand,Unexpected,unexpectedly,unfortunatelly,fortunately,7.,因果关系：重因轻果,Because,cause,for,since,be due to,lead to,result in,as a result,短文,keywords,微观方向（代表,passage,的主旨和大意）,33,微观方向,(,细节信息）,8.,定义处：,something can be defined as something,that is so called,we call it the definition of is,9.,强调处：语气强硬的词汇，形容词，副 词最高级,most or -est,10.,特殊修辞：,排比处,-,反向考 察,According to the passage,which one is NOT in the passage?,哪个没听见选 哪个，哪个没说选 哪个。,举例处,for example,for instance,比喻处 本体和喻体,34,各类题型应对技巧,1.,细节题。细节题出题点无处不在，但这并不是说无规律可循。细节题的答案往往由,first,，,most,，,because,，,inanycase,，,asamatteroffact,等副词或副词短语引出，考生在听短文时，除了要尽量听懂所有细节外，一定要更加留意这些词后面的相关信息。,2.,推断题。多数推断题与每段的大意或短文的中心思想有关系，因此在听短文录音时我们一定要注意文章中间和结尾总结性的话，特别是每部分的最后一句话。我们对这些话加以分析，往往不难找到正确的答案。,35,各类题型应对技巧,3.,态度题。态度题的选项往往是四个形容词，所以考生在播放短文录音之前判断出有态度题，在听录音时就应特别留心,fortunately,luckily,unfortunately,等这样的具感情色彩的可以反映出,speaker,的态度的词。,speaker,对于谈论的对象可能有双向评论，如果听不出,speaker,的态度方向，建议同学们选正面态度的，因为反驳的文章往往更为复杂。,4.,数字题。数字题一般涉及时间、数量、年代等等。如果事先判断出有数字题，在听短文录音时就要特别留意相关数字并尽可能地记下来。而且对于,Section B,的解题对策要与,Section A,完全要反过来，即听到哪个数字就要选哪个数字，这里的数字不考运算。,36,各类题型应对技巧,5.,主旨题。对于主旨题，我们可以从三方面来把握：一是从选项入手。选项中出现的多次重复的词一定是中心词（,key word,）。二是从短文入手，要特别注意文章的两头，尤其是文章的开头的两个句子最重要，很有可能成为主旨题的考点，具体需要听的是文章开头的名词。选答案时要优先选含有该名词的选项。三是从短文后面的问题入手，这样也可以提供中心词的线索。大多数的考题都问及的词一定就是此段的中心词。,37,2015,年,12,真题（一）,Passage one,16.A)No one knows for sure when they into being.,B)No one knows exactly where they were first made.,C)No one knows for what purpose they were invented.,D)No one knows what they will look like in the future.,38,2015,年,12,真题（一）,Passage one,17.A)Measure the speed of wind.,B)Give warnings of danger.,C)Pass on secret messages.,D)Carry ropes cross rivers.,18.A)To find out the strength of silk for kites.,B)To test the effects of the lightning rod,C)To proved that lightning is electricity.,D)To protect houses against lightning.,39,2015,年,12,真题（一）,Passage two,19.A)She was born with a talent for languages.,B)She was trained to be an interpreter.,C)She can speak several languages.,D)She enjoys teaching languages.,20.A)They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.,B)They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.,C)They acquire an immunity to culture shock.,D)They would like to live abroad permanently.,40,2015,年,12,真题（一）,Passage two,21.A)She became an expert in horse racing.,B)She learned to appreciate classical music.,C)She was able to translate for a German sports judge.,D)She got a chance to visit several European countries.,22.A)Take part in a cooking competition.,B)Taste the beef and give her comment.,C)Teach vocabulary for food in English.,D)Give cooking lessons on Western food.,41,2015,年,12,真题（一）,Passage Three,23.A)He had only a third-grad education.,B)He once threatened to kill his teacher.,C)He often helped his mother do housework.,D)He grew up in a poor single-parent family,24.A)stupid B)Active.C)Brave.D)Careless.,25.A)Watch educational TV programs only.,B)Write two book reports a week.,C)Help with housework.,D)Keep a diary.,42,听力样题,1.A,）,Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels,B)An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.,C)The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.,D)Blasts set off by a Somali group in Ugandas capital.,2.A)On Christmas Eve.,B)Just before midnight.,During a security check.,D)In the small hours of the morning.,43,英语四级听力必备之常见的新闻词汇,negotiations,delegate,delegation,summit,峰会,declaration sponsor,resolve their differences,消除分歧,promote peace,促进和平,boost economic co-op,加强经济合作,make concession/compromise,作出妥协,pass a resolution,通过决议,veto a bill,否决议案,break the deadlock,打破僵局,a scientific breakthrough,科学突破,an unexpected outcome,出乎意料的结果,sign/ratify an accord/deal/treaty/pact/agreement,签署协议,44,英语四级听力必备之常见的新闻词汇,diplomatically isolated country,在外交上被孤立的国家,diplomatic solutions,外交解决方案,military option,军事解决途径,(,动用武力,),escalating tension,逐步升级的局势,military coupe,军事政变,forced from office,被赶下台,step down/aside,下台,on the brink of war,处于战争边缘,45,英语四级听力必备之常见的新闻词汇,hot spot,热点,take hostilities toward.,对,.,采取敌对态度,sporadic fighting,断断续续的战斗,rebels,wounded,killed,injury,death,casualties,伤亡,heavy fighting,激战,genocide,种族灭绝,relief effort,救济工作,humanitarian aid,人道主义援助,46,ethnic cleansing,种族排斥,broker/mediate a ceasefire/truce,促成停火,refugee,illegal alliens,非法移民,mediator,调解员,end the bloodshed,结束流血事件,special envoy,特使,peace-keeping forces,维和部队,national convention,国民大会,guerrilla war,游击战争,border dispute,边境争端,armed conflict,武装冲突,reconciliation,调解,fight corruption,反,*,corrupted election*,的选举,英语四级听力必备之常见的新闻词汇,47,peace process,和平进程,give a boost to.,促进,booming economy,促进经济发展,civil war,内战,mutual benefits/interests,双赢,cruise missile,巡航导弹,come to a conclusion,达成一致,coalition forces,联合军队,interim/transitional govt,过渡政府,sluggish economy,萧条的经济,on high alert,处于高级戒备状态,rebellion,叛乱,rebel forces,叛军,Defense Minister,evacuate,flee from Pentagon,五角大楼,impose/break a deadline,规定,/,打破最后期限,retaliate,报复,英语四级听力必备之常见的新闻词汇,48,speculate,disarmament agreement,裁军协议,mandate,to lift a boycott,取消禁令,withdraw,embargo,impose sanctions against.,实施制裁,dismantle,销毁,the implementation of an accord,执行决议,germ warfare,介子战争,to ease the ban on ivory trade,缓解对象牙贸易的禁令,to harbor sb.,保护,animal conservation,动物保护,threatened/endangered species,濒危物种,英语四级听力必备之常见的新闻词汇,49,banking reform,金融改革,commissioner,代表,go bankrupt,破产,file for bankrupcy,提出破产,deputy,代表,sensitive,hostage,kidnapped French nationals,被绑架的法国人,rescue,release invade,US-led invasion,美国领导的入侵,right-wing extremists,右翼极端分子,external forces,外部力量,warring factions,交战各方,topple the government*,政府,英语四级听力必备之常见的新闻词汇,50,illegal poaching,非法捕猎,face extinction,濒临灭亡,stagnant/recession,萧条,financial crisis,金融危机,deflation,通货紧缩,inflation,通货膨胀,retail prices,零售价格,whole sale prices,批发价格,suicide bombing,自杀性袭击事件,dispute,crisis,coflict,holy war,圣战,administration,regime,claim responsibility for.,声称负责,51,suspend,停止,resume,继续,Gallup/opinion/exit poll,survey,民意调查,provocation,挑衅,rule out the possibility of.,排除可能性,stand trial,受审,put.on trial,审判某人,sue,file suit against.,状告,radioactive,放射性,radiation,辐射,uranium enrichment program,铀浓缩计划,nuke nonproliferation,核部扩散,suspect,arrest,detain,in custody,被囚禁,on human rights abuse charges,反,*,罪名,HIV positive HIV,阳性,malaria,diabetes,hypertension,lung cancer,breast cancer,*,癌症,52,fight poverty/starvation/hunger/disease/virus,stop the spread of.,crack down on.,严打,illegal drug trafficking,毒品贩运,化学,/,生物,/,核战争,piracy,pirated products,盗版产品,fake goods,假货,notorious,臭名昭著,bloody tyrant,血腥独裁者,execute/execution,处决,death penalty,死刑,seminar,forum,peace coference,national convention,his counterpart,同等级别的人,my predecessor/successor,我的前任,/,后任,coalition party,联合政党,post-war reconstruction,战后重建,pre-war intellegience,战前情报,radar,espionage,谍报,spying activity,间谍行为,electronic warfare,电子战争,chemical/biological/nuclear warfare,53,2015,年,12,真题,(,一）,9.A)It is used by more people than English.,B)It is more difficult to learn than English.,C)It will be as commonly used as English.,D)It will eventually become a world language.,10.A)Its popularity with the common people.,B)The effect of the Industrial Revolution.,C)The influence of the British Empire.,D)Its loan words from many languages.,54,2016,年,12,月真题,(,一）,11.A,）,It has a growing number of newly coined words.,B)It includes a lot of words from other languages.,C)It is the largest among all languages in the world.,D)It can be easily picked up by overseas travellers.,55,2016.12,真题一,(Questions 12 to 15),12.A)To place an order.B)To apply for a job.,C)To return some goods.D)To make a complaint.,13.A)He works on a part-time basis for the company.,B)He has not worked in the sales department for long.,C)He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.,D)He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.,1,56,2016.12,真题一,(Questions 12 to 15),14.A)It is not his responsibility.,B)It will be free for large orders.,C)It depends on a number of factors.,D)It costs 15 more for express delivery.,15.A)Make inquiries with some other companies.,B)Report the information to her superior.,C)Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.,D)Ring back when she comes to a decision.,57,9.A)From the wanted column.,B)From some of her friends.,C)From a telephone directory.,D)From a television commercial.,10.A)She received full-time education abroad.,B)She graduated from an open university.,C)She finished her secondary school.,D)She studied in a vocational colledge.,2015,年,12,月真题（二）,58,2015,年,12,月真题（二）,12 to 15,12.A)It provides him with career opportunities.,B)It helps enlarge his customer network.,C)It has been off and on for ten years.,D)It was interrupted for four years.,13.A)Individualized service.B)Traditional setting.,C)Home-made beer.