人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全.doc

最新人教版八年级下册英语全册知识点大全
Unit 1
重点短语:
have a stomachache have a cold lie down
take one’s temperature have a fever go to a doctor
to one’s surprise agree to (do sth.) get into trouble
be used to take risks run out (of)
cut off get out of be in control of
keep on ( doing sth.） give up
语言知识归纳：
1. What’s the matter (with you)?
此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有：
What’s wrong with you?/ What’s the trouble?
matter作动词用，意为“要紧”“有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。
What does it matter? It doesn’t matter.
【例题】Does it ________ if we can’t finish it today?
A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters
2. I have a sore throat.
have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名词”.
have a cold have a fever have a sore back
have a stomachache have a cough
【例题】( )---Does he often have ______ cold? ---Yes. He also _____a cough and a sore throat.
A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have
3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息
lie down 躺下
单词
词义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
说谎
lied
lied
lying
lie
躺，平放
lay
lain
lying

4.That’s probably why. 那可能就是原因。
probably意为“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。
5. hurt v. 使受伤；伤害；疼痛
He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿。
My feelings were hurt when he didn’t ask me to the party.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。
6. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping...公交车司机，24岁的王平……
24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24岁的”。
（名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语）
【例题】A____girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father.
A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old
7. expect vt. 期待；预期；期盼
expect的常见用法:
expect+名词/代词
The old man is expecting his daughter’s visit.
expect to do sth.
 I expect to get a birthday present from my dad. 
expect sb. to do sth.
Do you expect him to teach you English?
expect +从句
I expect that you will get there soon. 
【辨析】expect与look forward to
两者都有期待的意思 look forward to doing sth.
I’m looking forward to seeing Tom.
8. But to his surprise...但是令他吃惊的是……
to one’s surprise 表示“令人惊奇的是……”，相当于“主语+be+surprised”
To his surprise, he found the girl was bind.
= He was surprised to find the girl was blind. 令他惊奇的是，他发现这个女孩是个盲人。
【拓展】in surprise表示“惊奇的”，相当于副词性短语，用来修饰动词。
The two girls looked at each other in surprise. 那两个女孩惊奇地互相看着。
be surprised at表示“对……感到惊讶”。
We are very surprised at the news. 听到这个消息，我们很诧异。
surprising 表示“使人惊奇的”，作表语时，主语是事物。
9. They don’t want any trouble. 他们不想惹麻烦。
① trouble用作名词，意为“烦恼，困难，麻烦，疾病等”。
His life is full of trouble. 他的生活充满了烦恼。
What’s the trouble? 怎么了？
② trouble用作动词，意为“麻烦，打扰”。
I’m sorry to trouble you. 抱歉打扰你。
【拓展】与trouble相关的短语
in trouble处于困境中 get into trouble陷入困境
Have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
【例题】-How is your English study? -Not bad. But I_____learning English grammar.
A. am interested B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble
10. 辨析 used to do sth. 与 be used to sth. / doing sth.
↓ ↓
过去常常…… 习惯于某事/做某事
We used to draw pictures badly.
You will get used to the weather here.
In the end, I got used to doing hard work.
11. 辨析 run out 与run out of
人+ run out of They have run out of the water.
物+ run out (不可用于被动语态） The money is running out.
【例题】选出能代替句中画线部分的一项
( ) Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now.
A. ate up B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of
12. make decisions = make a decision 作出决定
decision为decide的名词形式
make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth.
13. be in control of 管理；控制
A teacher should be in control of his class.
重点语法：情态动词should的用法
（1）should后接动词原形，变否定句在should后加not, 变一般疑问句时将should提前。
（2）should常用于以下两种情况：
① 提出建议
You looked tired. You should lie down and rest.
② 表推测，意为“该，按理应当”。
Wait a minute. I think he should come in a minute.

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
重点短语:
clean up by oneself cheer up
put off give out put on
used to give away take after
set up make a difference care for
come up with
语言知识归纳：
1. give out 分发，发放
【拓展】give构成的短语还有：
give away 赠给，赠送 give in 屈服，投降
give up 放弃 give off 发出（气味、光、热等）
e up with 提出，想出
(1)表示“想出或提出”，相当于think of
I think she can come up with a good idea
(2)come up with还可表示 “赶上”,相当于catch up with.
We should study hard to come up with them
【例题】( ) We must _____a plan to improve your math.
A. pick up B. catch up with C. come up with D. make up
3. I’v run out of it. 我已经把它用完了。
run out of 表示 “用完，用光”，其主语一般是人。
【拓展】run out of 还可表示“从……跑出来”。
Bill ran out of the room. Bill从房间里跑出来。
run构成的短语还有
run away 逃走 run after追赶
run into difficulties遇到困难
【例题】( ) When your money____, please come to me for some.
A. runs out of B. runs out C. is running out of D. is run out
4. I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈。
【辨析】take after 与look like
take after意为“长得像，行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈。
The boy takes after his father. 这个男孩长得像他爸爸。
look like 可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。
The man looks like our teacher. 这个男的看起来像我们的老师。
The rainbow looks like a bridge. 彩虹看上去像一座桥。
【拓展】take 构成的短语
take up take off take place
take one’s time take care
【例题】( ) -You’ve really beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. I ____my mother.
A. look after B. take after C. take from D. look for
语气。
翻译短语位at most,意为“至多，最多”。
He kept me waiting at least an hour.
There were fifty people there at most.
3. all the time 一直；总是
Things are changing all the time.事情一直在变化。
【拓展】time相关的短语
on time准时 at the same time同时 in time及时
From time to time偶尔 the first time第一次
【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。
( ) I always go shopping on Friday.
A. all the time B. all the same C.all along D. all the way
5. I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累。
as...as意为“和……一样”,表示同级比较。as...as中间要用形容词或副词原级。
This story is as interesting as that one. 这个故事和那个一样有趣。
否定式为not as/so...as,意为“不如……”。
The garden is not so beautiful as you thought.
【例题】( ) He speaks French well, but of course not____a person born in France.
A.as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly as D. the more clearly
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.一个星期，她不做家务，我也不做家务。
we drive, ____pollution our city will have.
A. the fewer; the fewer B. the fewer; the less
C. The more; the fewer D. the more; the less
11. in order to 的用法
(1) in order to意为“为了……”，强调目的，后接动词原形。
In order to let the students hear him, he spoke loudly.
We have to study hard in order to pass the exam.
In order not to be late for school, she took a taxi.
(2) 含in order to的句子可以转变为由so that或in order that 引导的状语从句。
She ran quickly in order to catch the bus.
She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus.
She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus.
12. as a result的用法
as a result用于引出结果，常用于两个句子之间，其中一个是另一个的结果，且前后用标点符号
将两个句子隔开，意为“结果是”。
He didn’t listen carefully. As a result, he couldn’t work out the maths problem.
【注】as a result of 的意思是“由于，因为”， 相当于because of。
Peter was late as a result of the heavy rain.= Peter was late because of the heavy rain.
【例题】( ) The boy studied hard. ______, he passed the exam.
A. Ia fact B. On time C. After all D. As a result

Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
重点短语:
look through work out get on with
cut out compare...with in one’s opinion
a big deal so that get into a fight
communicate with not...until... call sb. up
instead of
语言知识归纳：
1. Why don’t you talk to your parents?
Why don’t you do sth.= Why not do sth. “为什么不……?”
【拓展】提出建议的句型
①What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？
②Shall we do sth.? 我们做某事好吗？
③You’d better(not) do sth. 你最好（不）做某事。
④Why don’t you do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？
⑤Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗？
2. allow v. 允许，许可
① allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事“
My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends.
② allow doing sth. “允许做某事”
She doesn’t allow smoking in her house.
③ allow+名词
We can’t allow such a thing.
【例题】( ) Do you often allow____until 11:00 p.m.
A. to stay up B. stay up C. staying up D. and stay up
3. work out 产生……效果，进展……
Things worked out quite well for us. 对我们来说，事情进展很好。
He worked out the maths problem. 他算出了这道数学题。
Can you work out the problem alone? 你一个人能把问题搞清楚吗？
4. communicate v. 交流信息；沟通
I can’t communicate with them at the moment. 此刻我无法同他们进行交流。
communication n.交流
People can’t get on well with each other without communication. 没有交流，人们就无法相处得好。
【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。
( )People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail.
A. write B. read C.agree D. communicate
5. argue vi. 争论；争吵
argue with sb. 与某人争论
Don’t argue with your parents. 不要和你的父母争论。
argue的名词形式是 “argument”, have an argument with sb. 与某人辩论。
Alice hand an argument with her best friend.
【例题】( )I never argue ____my parents.
A.in B.to C.for D.with
6. instead adv. 代替，顶替
If you are busy, you may come another day instead.
【辨析】instead 与instead of
instead
副词
舍前取后，可单独使用，位于句首或句末。
instead of
介词短语
舍后取前，后面常跟名词，代词及动词ing。
He didn’t answer. He asked his father instead.
We eat rice instead of noodles.
【例题】( ) What a nice day! We should go sightseeing ____watching TV in the hotel.
A.because of B. instead of C.together with D.out

7. offer v. 提供；提出；建议
① offer 做“提供”讲时，可接双宾语。
offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. 向某人提供某物
The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.= The waitress offered the man a cup of tea.
② offer还有“提出，建议”的意思，其后接不定式，表示主动提出做某事。
The old man offered to lend the boy some money.
【例题】( ) The little boy ___ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.
A. lent B. offered C. took D. brought
8. And they are always comparing them with other children.
compare 作动词，意为“比较， 和……相比”。
① compare...with... 把……同……相比较
Parents shouldn’t always compare their children with others.
父母们不该总是把自己的孩子同别人相比较。
② compare...to... 把……比作……
People often compare the life to a stage. 人们常把生活比作一个舞台。
【例题】( ) My handwriting can not be compared___ my father’s.
A. to B. with C. on D.for
10. My cousin borrows my things without returning them.
① return 意为“归还”，其后可接双宾语
return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb.
Don’t forget to return me the keys.
② return 还有“返回”的意思，相当于go back, 后接地点时需要介词to。
He
作连词引导时间状语从句，在while引导的从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性动词，强调主从句中
的动作或状态同时发生。
While I was watching TV, someone knocked at the door.
when意为“当……时”，动作有一前一后的意思。
When I passed that room I heard someone singing.
while 作连词时也可理解为“然而”，表示转折关系。
I like apples while my sister doesn’t.
【例题】( ) Tom likes reading a newspaper____he is having breakfast.
A.until B.while C.because D.though
( )Mary was talking on the phone ____someone knocked at the door.
A.while B.before C.when D.after
2. make sure 查明；确信
① make sure of sth.
② make sure to do sth.
③ make sure that + 从句
【例题】( ) Read your English paper again and ____there is no mistake in it before you hand it in.
A.make sure B.turn up C.come out D.look for
3. I got to the bus stop but I still missed the bus.
get意为“到达”时，是不及物动词，后面跟地点名词时，要加介词to。
How can I get to the nearest supermarket ?
表示“到达”的三种形式：
① arrive 意为到达
at + 小地点
arrive in + 大地点
② get to 后接地点名词。
He got to school at 7:00 this morning.
③ reach意为“到达”，是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。
When did you reach America?
【例题】( ) Please write to me as soon as you _____ your school.
A.get to B.reach to C.arrive D.come
( ) -When did your aunt______in Shandong? -Yesterday afternoon.
A.reach B.get C.arrive D.come
4. People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.
hear动词, 意为“听说”。常用结构为：
① hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事
② hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事
③ hear of/about sb. /sth. 听说某人或某事
④ hear from sb. 收到某人的来信
⑤ hear + that从句 听说……
【例题】( )Tom likes to _____others but he never writes to them.
A.hear B.hear of C.hear about D.hear from
( )-When did you _____the news? -Just now.
A.hear about B.hear from C.heard D.hearing
5. I played the song without any mistakes.
without介词,意为“无；没有”，其反义词为with,后接名词、代词或动词ing。
Fish can’t live without water.
He went to work without having breakfast.
【例题】她没敲门就进了房间。
She entered the room_______ ________at the door.
你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？
Can you see clearly __________your _______

Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
重点短语:
a little bit instead of turn...into
once upon a time fall in love get married
as soon as instead of give birth to
be born turn...into
语言知识归纳：
1. try的用法
① try to do sth. 尽力做某事 He is trying to learn English.
② try doing sth. 试着做某事 You should try taking more exercise.
③ try one’s best 尽力 I’ll try my best to help him.
④ try on 试穿 Would you like to try this dress on?
2. remind vt. 使想起，提醒
① remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事 The song remind me of my childhood.
② remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 Peter reminded her to attend the meeting on time.
4. What do you think of ...? 你认为……怎么样？
What do you think of ...? = How do you like...?
注：think后接动名词，like后接带to的不定式
如：What do you think of going climbing tomorrow?
=How do you like to go climbing tomorrow? 你认为明天去爬山怎么样？
【例题】( ) -______do you think of the football match?
-It’s perfect. It’s more exciting than____match that I have ever watched.
A. How; any other B. How; any others
C.