状语从句公开课.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,状语从句,Adverbial Clauses,1.,什么是状语：,在句中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分被称为状语。如：,He works very hard.,He is real handsome.,2.,什么是状语从句：,用作状语的句子被称为状语从句。,really,1.Adverbial Clauses of Time:,（时间状语从句）,3.Different Kinds of Adverbial Clauses:,2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason (,原因状语从句）,3.Adverbial Clauses of Conditions (,条件状语从句）,4.Adverbial Clauses of Place (,地点状语从句）,5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (,目的状语从句）,6.Adverbial Clauses of Result,（结果状语从句）,7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison,（比较状语从句）,8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession (,让步状语从句）,9.Adverb Clauses of Manner (,方式状语从句,),4,.,位置：,主前从后亲密没够，,从前主后得有小逗，,从在主中需俩逗逗。,I was reading a book when he came in.,When he came in,I was reading a book.,I was,when he came in,reading a book.,时间状语从句,when,while,as,before,after,till/until,since,as soon as,普,通,连,词,特,殊,连,词,the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,every/each time,next time,any time,by the time,the first time,immediately,directly,instantly,When,的用法,When,即可以引导一个持续性动作，又可引到一个短暂行动作。可用以表示主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句。,(,从句动词可延续也可非延续,),I was thin,when,I was a child.,The film had been on,when,we arrived.,2.be about to do,when,be doing ,when,be on ones way,when,be on the point of doing,when,had just done ,when,以上句式中的“,when”,译为“这时或那时”不可以用其它连词替换。,The telephone was ringing when I got home.,I was about to go to bed when he came back.,We were just _ calling him up _ he came in.,about;when,B.on the point of;while,C.on the point of;when,D.on the point of;as,I was walking down the street while I heard,someone calling for help.,when,3.When,还以引导条件状语从句相当于,if,How can I explain it to you,when/if,you wont listen.,When,you read it again,the meaning will become clearer to you.,While,的用法,1.,必须引导持续性动作，强调在一段时间内，主句和从句动作同时发生。,My mother was cooking,while,I was doing my homework.,Please dont talk so loud,while,others are working.,2.“,然而”表示对比。,I like watching TV,while,he likes reading.,3.,引导让步状语从句,“虽然、尽管”,While,I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings.,尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是看到了他的缺点。,4.,引导条件状语从句“只要”,While,we are here,dont worry.,As,的,引导,时间状语,从句的,用法,“随着”,“一边,一边,”,“,当,”,强调动作同时发生，无先后,.,1.,As,I get older,I get more optimistic.,随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。,2.He hurried home,looking behind,as,he went.,他匆匆忙忙回家，边走边往后看。,3.,As,he was going out,it began to rain.,当他出去时开始下雨了。,“as”,可以引导的其它状语从句：,Young,as,he is,he knows a lot.,（让步）,As,he wasnt ready in time,we went without him.,（原因）,Do,as,I told you./do,as,you like.,（方式）,He is,as old as,I/me.,（比较 ）,连接词,when,while,as,的用法区别：,1,while,引导的时间状语,从句的谓语动词,必须是,可延续,的，,而,when,引导的时间状语,从句的谓语动词,是,可延续,的，也,可以是,非延续的动词,。如：,When/While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell ring.,When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.,2,从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用,when,引导这个,从句，不可用,as,或,while,。,如：,When you have finished your work,you may have a rest,.,3,表示“随着,一边,一边”，连词用,as.,如：,As the election approached,the violence got worse,.,4,如果,主句谓动,是,非延续性,的，而,从句谓动,是,延续性,动词并使用,进行时态,时，,when,while,与,as,可互换使用。,如：,When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.,问题,1:,1.(04,北京春,)We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.,A.when B.while C.until D.before,2.(02,上海,)He was about to tell me the secret _ someone,patted him on the shoulder.,A.as B.until C.whileD.when,3.(05,上海,)He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it,was the best time for it.,A.where B.when C.thatD.until,4.(05,福建,),Did Jack come back early last night?,Yes.It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.,A.Before B.when C.that D.until,（注：句型：,It is/was+,点时间,+when,从句）,A,D,B,B,问题,2:,6.(06,天津,)The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in,Britain,_ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.,A.since B.when C.as D.while,7.(04,年江苏,)_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually,like the person.,A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless,8.(06,辽宁,)He was about halfway through his meal _ a,familiar voice came to his ears.,A.why B.where C.when D.while,D,A,C,Before,的多种翻译方式：,在,之前,2.,在,It+be+,短时间,+before,句型中,主句是肯定句式时：“（,多久之后,）才,”,主句是否定句式时：“（,过不了多久,）就,”,3.“,还没来得及，就,”,4.,“趁,”,Before,they got to the bus stop,the bus had gone.,在,.,之前,It will be 5 years,before,he returns to his motherland.,多久之后才,We waited a long time,before,he came out.,多久之后才,4.It wont be long,before,we meet again.,过不了多久就,5.He died,before,he wrote a will.,还没来得及,6.Catch him,before,he escapes.,趁着,7.Please write it down,before,you forget it.,趁着,1.(03,年北京,)He made a mistake,but then he,corrected the situation _,_,it got worse.,A.until B.when C.beforeD.as,2.(04,福建,)Scientists say it may be five or six years,_,it is possible to test this medicine on,human patients.,A.since B.after C.before D.when,3.(06,四川,),Why didnt you tell him about the,meeting?,He rushed out of the room_,_,I could say a,word.,A.before B.untilC.whenD.after,C,C,A,till,until,和,notuntil,：,1.,主句是,肯定句,时，,主句的动词必是,延续性动词,，表示“主句动作或状态一直持续到从句动词发生才停止”。从句引导词是,till/until,都行。如：,We,waited,until/till he,came,.,2,主句是,否定句,时，,主句谓语动词,是非延续性动词,，表示“主句动作直到从句动词发生才开始”，从句引导词通常用,until,。如：,He,wont go to bed,until she,returns,.,3,till,不可以置于句首，而,until,可以。如：,Until you told me I had no idea of it.,4,notuntil,句型中的强调和倒装说法：,Not until,you told me,did I,have any idea of it.,It was,not until,you told me,that,I had any idea of it.,倒装,1.(03,北京春,),Was his father very strict with him when,he was at school?,Yes.He had never praised him _ he became,one of the top students in his grade.,A.after B.unless C.until D.when,2.(03,上海,)A good storyteller must be able to hold,listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the,story.,A.when B.unless C.after D.until,3.It was not _ she took off her dark glasses,_ I realized she was a famous film star.,A.when;that B.until;that,C.until;when D.when;then,C,D,B,Since,的用法,since+,时间,since then,ever since,It is/has been+,时间段,since did,译为,“,既然”时引导原因状从,主句谓动用现在完成时，从句谓动用一般过去时，译为“自从”,Mr li,has been here,since 1998.,Mr li,has been here,since he came back.,Its/has been,two years since we,arrived,here.,It is three years since he,lived,here.,他,不在,这儿住三年了。,It is two years since he,smoked,.,他,不吸烟,已有两年了。,It is two years since he,began to smoke,.,他吸烟有两年了。,B,D,1.,（,05,北京春,)It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.,A.before B.since,C.after D.because,2.That was really a splendid evening.Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.,when B.that C.before D.since,3.-,What about a cigarette?,-_.Its 3weeks since I smoked.,A.Yes,please B.No,thanks,B,as soon as,the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,no sooner than,hardly/scarcelywhen,可以译为,“,一,就”的连词,1.,As soon as,he arrives,I will tell him.,2.,The moment,I saw him,I recognized him.,3.I left,immediately,the clock struck 5.,4.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.,=Hardly had I,got home,when,it began to rain.,5.,I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.,=No sooner had,I,got home,than,it began to rain.,时态、搭配、倒装,问题,3:,1.(01,北京春,),Did you remember to give Mary the,money you owed her?,Yes.I gave it to her _ I saw her.,A.whileB.the moment,C.suddenlyD.once,2.(1998,上海,)I thought her nice and honest _ I,met her.,A.first time B.for the first time,C.the first timeD.by the first time,3._ entered the office when he realized that,he had forgotten his report.,A.He hardly had B.Had he hardly,C.Hardly had heD.Hardly he had,B,C,C,一些含有,time,的名词短语可以引导时间状语,1.,Next time,you come,please bring your composition,2.The first time,I climbed onto the wall,I felt nervous.,3.You are welcome to come back,any time,you want to.,4.The truck will have arrived,by the time,you have all the things packed up.,5.By the time,he arrived,the train,had already gone,.,时态,二。地点状语从句,地点状语从句有,where,wherever,引导。,1.We must camp where we can get water.,2.I will follow you wherever you go.,3.Where there is a river,there is a city.,4.I will go where he went.,5.I will stay with you wherever he goes.,2.,地点状语从句,(2009,年高考山东卷,)The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.,那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。,地点状语从句常见的连词有：,1.where,在,地方，,2.wherever,无论在,地方，,(1)Make a mark-you have problems.,(2)I will find him-he may be.,where,wherever,3,地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。,Where theres a will,，,theres a way.,有志者事竟成。,Where(ver)theres plenty of sun and rain,，,the fields are green.,哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。,地点状语从句和定语从句的区别。,Go back where you came from.,Go back to,the place,where you came.,【,例,26】_ he is,，,he will be thinking of his girlfriend.,A.What B.Where C.Whether,D.,Wherever,【,例,27】She found her calculator _ she lost it.,A.that,B.,where C.in which D.when,【,例,28】This is the factory _ her mother worked last year,A.that,B.,where,C.,in which D.wherever,三。原因状语从句,引导原因状语从句的连词,引导词,语气,位置,意义,because(in that),语气最强,主句之前或后,“因为”,直接原因,，可以 回答,why,可以置于强调句型中,since(now that),语气较弱,主句之前,“既然”,众所周知,的原因，人们达成一致的事实,as,语气最弱,主句之前或后,“由于”,双方已知的较明显,的原因,for,并列连词,语气较弱,逗号后面,补充说明,的理由,considering/seeing(that)“,鉴于，考虑到“，,也可引导原因状语从句,Because,表示原因是语气最强，经常表示听者未知的原因,.,即可以回答,why,的提问，又可以放在强调句型中成为被强调的部分。,I cant go,because,Im ill.,He failed,because,he was too careful.,It is,because you are lazy,that,you have lost the job.,because,1)The ship changed its course,because,there,was a storm.,The ship changed its course,because of,the storm.,2),Because,he was ill,he didnt go to school.,He was ill,so,he didnt go to school.,Being ill,he didnt go to school.,I didnt help him,not because,I was unwilling,but because,I was unable to do it,.,(,不是因为,而是因为,),2.You should,not,laugh at him,because,he is poor,3.The country is,not,strong,because,it is big.,（不因,就）,Since,引导的语气次于,because,，表示稍加分析后推断出的原因，或指的是人们达成一致的事实。“既然，鉴于”常放于句首。,Since no one is against it,lets carry out the plan.,As,语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。一般放句首。,As he wasnt ready in time,we went without him.,For,属于并列连词，但不能直接说明原因，而是对某种情况加以推断用于表示补充说明的理由。常放于句末。,He must be ill,for he is absent today.,The spring is coming,for the birds are singing.,Now that,用了说明一种新的情况，然后加以推论，位于句首，,that,可省略。“既然，鉴于”,Now(that)everybody is here,lets begin.,Seeing(that);considering(that),Seeing/considering(that,),he is so young,that is excusable(,可原谅的）,鉴于,他如此年轻，这是可以原谅的。,1.This was _ she was absent from school.,2.That was _ she was ill yesterday.,3.The reason _ she couldnt finish her homework is not_she forgot to do her homework,but _ she was busy nursing a sick classmate.,4.How can he get good grades,when,he wont study?,why,because,why,that,that,when“,既然”表示原因,四。目的状语从句,引导目的状语的连词有,so;so that;in order that;in case;for fear that;lest,目的状语从句中的谓语动词通常使用情态动词,can,could,may,might,should,would,We sit nearer the front,so(that),we,can,hear better.,Come early,in order that/so that,you,can,see him.,He put his money in the safe,for fear that,it,should,be stolen.(,他把钱放在保险箱里,生怕,/,以防,被盗,),He runs fast,in order to/so as to,arrive there early.,.,Take an umbrella,in case,it rains.,（以防）,It may not rain,but youd better take an umbrella,in case.,（以防万一）,Take an umbrella,in case of rain,.(,介词）,In case,后的从句使用,一般现在时,表示将来，或使用,一般过去时,表示过去将来，也可用,情态动词,，或者从句中使用,should,should,也可以省略。,Take an umbrella in case,it rains.,He left early in case he,(should),miss the last train.,他动身很早以防误了最后一班火车。,五。结果状语从句,结果状语从句连词：,so that;such that;,so that,1.She was,so,happy,that,she cried.,2.She worked very hard,so,that,she became rich in a very short time,.(,她努力工作很快就致富了。,),3.He made,such,an excellent speech,that,everyone admired him.,So,为副词，修饰形容词，副词，,Such,为形容词，修饰名词。,So+adj.,So+adj.+a/an+,单,n.,So+,many/few,+,复数,n.+that,So+,much/little,（多少）,+,不可数,n.+that,Such+a/an+adj.+,单,n.+that,Such+adj.+,复数,n.+that,Such+adj.+,不可数,n.+that,He was,so honest that,we all trust him.,He was,such an honest man that,we all trust him.,There was,so,much,work that,we couldnt finish it.,There were,so,many,people,that we couldnt get in.,It was,such,nice,weather,that,we want to go out.,So that.;such that,句型中，,so,such,位于,句首，,主句须部分倒装,So terrible was the storm,that some houses were destroyed,.,Such,is the power of the TV that it makes a person famous in one night.,结果状语的表达方式,1.,He is clever and honest,_all of us like him.(make),2.I hurried to the airport,only _that my friend had gone already.(tell),3.tooto,（太,而不能,）,enough to,（达到某种程度可以,）,soas to(,那么,以至于）,He got up,so,late,that,he missed the bus.,He didnt get up early,enough to,catch the bus.,He got up,too,late,to,catch the bus.,He got up,so,late,as to,miss the bus.,making,to be told,六。条件状语从句,.if,，,unless,，,so/as long as,，,once,，,in case(that),2.on condition that(,条件是,),suppose/supposing(that)(,假设,如果,),provided/providing,(that)(,如果,),as far as,so far as,when,引导条件状语从句的连词：,if not,只要,一旦,万一,I.if,1),If you work harder,you will succeed.,Work harder,and you will succeed.,Work harder,or you wont succeed.,Working harder,you will succeed.,时态,:,主将从现,有时表示条件的,if,之后可能用,will,，但那不是将来时态,而是表示,意愿或委婉的请求,(will,为情态动词,),：,If you will wait a moment,Ill fetch the money.,请等一下，我就去拿钱,2),If,I had money,I would buy the car.,If,he had worked harder,he would have passed,the exam.,3)I wake up,only if,the alarm clock rings,Only if,I get a job,will I have enough money to go school.,4),If only,I,were,as clever as you!,If only,I,knew,her name.,_,_,_,_,_,(,虚拟,),.(,只有,),(,要是,就好了,),5)if,构成省略的惯用表达法,:,if any if ever,if so if not,if necessary if possible,Corrrect errors,if any.,He seldom,if ever,goes to the movies by himself.,如果有错误就请订正,.,他不会单独去看电影,如果有也很少,.,(,如果有的话,),(,如果曾经有的话,),(,如果是这样的话,),(,如果不是这样的话,),II.unless,1)We cant write to Mary,unless,she tells us,her address.,We cant write to Mary,if,she,doesnt,tell us,her address.,*,III.as/so long as(,只要,),1)I will never give up learning,as long as,I live.,2)You may borrow the book,as long as,you,keep it clean.,*,IV.on condition that,（条件是）,Well let you use the room,on condition that,you keep it tidy.,*,V.in case(,万一）,Youd better take your raincoat with you,in case,it rains.,In case,I forget,please remind me about it.,(2007,福建,)You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence.,A.before B.once,C.until D.though,解析：,题干意思是：一旦你有自信，你的面试将会成功。用,once,，意思是：一旦，引导条件状语从句。,答案：,B,(,浙江,),The medicine works more effectively _ you drink some hot water after taking it.,A,as B,until,C,although D,if,解析：,句意：这种药如果你热水送服，会更加有效。,if,引导条件状语从句。,答案：,D,(,北京宣武区,),_you disagree with her,，,her idea is still worth considering.,A,If only B,Even if,C,Instead of D,Despite of,解析：,考查前后句的关系。句意为：,“,尽管,”,你不赞同她，可她的观点还是值得考虑的。,答案：,B,问题,1,：,1,、,_ I can see,there is only one possible way to keep,away from the danger.,（,04,北京春季）,A.As long as B.As far as C.Just as D.Even if,2,、,I always take something to read when I go to the,doctors _ I have to wait.,（,05,全国卷,3,）,A,in case B,so that C,in orderD,as if,B,A,as long as,与,as far as,都可引导条件状语从句，,as long as,表示“只要,”,，,as far as,表示“就,而论（而言）”。题,1,根据题意应该选用,B,。,in case,表示“以防”，根据题,2,的句意，不难作出选择。,七。方式状语从句,7,、方式状语从句：,The teacher told the students to do,as he did.,Leave it,as it is.,Do in Rome,as,the Romans do.,Most plants need sunlight,just as,they need water.,观察引导方式状语从句的,连词：,别动它,(,让它保持原来的样子,),as if/as though,“似乎,好像”引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。,He treats me,as if I,were,his own son.,He talked,as if he,had been,to USA,He heard a noise,as if someone was breathing.,I feel,as if I have a fever.,总结,：引导方式状语从句的连词：,as,按照,像,just as,正如,正像,as if=as though,1 We must live _Leifeng lived.,A like B as C as if D even if,2 Do remember that you must do everything